West Rasha: description, ban sha'awa da kuma facts tarihi. Yammacin kuma Eastern Rasha - Tarihi

A tsakiyar zamanai, Western Rasha ya hada da yankuna da iyaka da Hungary, Poland da kuma Lithuania. Tun da farkon siyasa fragmentation a yankin yana da dama mulkoki, husũma tare da juna domin gubar.

Sashe na Kievan Rus '

Kafin fitowar guda tsoho Rasha jihar a kan ƙasa na Yammacin Rasha zauna tribal kungiya ta kashin na Eastern Slavs: Dregovichi, drevlyans, Volhynians, Ulichi kuma White Croats. A IX-X ƙarni. suka haɗe zuwa Kiev. Wannan tsari da aka kammala a zamanin mulkin Vladimira Svyatoslavicha (980-1015).

West Rasha a arewa dab da wani Baltic kabilan: Lithuania, Prussia da Zhmud. Wadannan mazaunan Baltic Coast kasuwanci tare da Slavs zuma da kuma amber. Domin a yayin da ba su gabatar da hatsari ga Rasha. Yana da yawa karfi yammacin maƙwabcinsa - Yaren mutanen Poland Kingdom. A Slavic mutane aka yi masa baftisma bisa ga Roman al'ada. Da bambance-bambance tsakanin Katolika da kuma Orthodox sun kasance daya daga cikin Sanadin tashin hankali tsakanin Rasha da Poland. A 981 Vladimir Red Sun ya ayyana yaki kan Prince Mieszko I kuma lashe ake kira ƙasar Cherven, wanda shi ne babban birni na Przemysl.

A kudu maso yammacin Rasha ƙare matakan, wanda suka home ga Turkic-magana makiyaya. Da farko akwai da Pechenegs. A X karni da za a maye gurbinsu da Polovtsy. Daidai tsakanin su shi ne cewa su duka biyu steppe shirya yau da kullum da tafiye-tafiye zuwa Rasha, tare da looting da kuma cin zarafin fararen hula.

A lokacin da harkokin siyasa fragmentation

Bayan rasuwar Yaroslava Mudrogo a 1054 hadade Old Rasha jihar ya kasu kashi da yawa mulkoki. Wannan tsari ya kasance sauka a hankali. A wasu daga cikin Kievan shugabanninmu, kamar da Vladimir Monomakh, kasar sake zama cikakke. Duk da haka, jayayya kuma agnatic yawan shekaru karshe raba Rasha. A XI karni babban sarauta a yammacin Rasha ya Volyn tare da babban birnin kasar a birnin Vladimir-Volyn.

Rostislav daular

Ga kunshe daular sauko daga Rostislav Vladimirovich - jikan Yaroslava Mudrogo na m line. Rubuce, da wakilan da zuriya ko da yana da hakkin doka to Kiev, amma a cikin "uwar Rasha birane" kunshe sauran Rurik. A farko da yara suke zaune a cikin kotu da Rostislav Jaropolk Izyaslavich - Kiev gwamna. A 1084 Rurik Volodar cornflowers da kuma harba daga cikin Prince Vladimir, kuma ga wani lokaci sun shagaltar da dukan yankin.

A karshe Rostislavichi kãma Volyn bayan Lyubech Congress a 1097 da kuma tarzomar da yakin basasa. A daidai wannan lokaci, siyasar da fitarwa zuwa wasu kananan garuruwa a yankin (banda Vladimir kuma Przemysl) - Terebovlya da Dorogobuzh. Jikan Rostislav Vladimir Volodarevich a 1140 garwaya su, kuma Ya halitta cikin sabon sarauta tare da babban birnin kasar a Galicia. Mazaunanta sun girma arziki a kan gishiri cinikayya tare da makwabtanta. Yammacin Rasha ya strikingly daban-daban daga m arewa-maso-gabas inda Slavs rayu a cikin dazuzzuka a kusa da Finnish kabilu.

Jaroslav Osmomysl

Sa'ad da ɗan na Vladimir Yaroslav Osmomysl (mulki 1153-1187 gg.) Bagalike sarauta samu zinariya shekaru. Duk lokacin da sarautarsa, sai ya yi kokarin tsayayya da ikon da na Kiev da alaqa da Vladimir-Volyn. Wannan gwagwarmaya ƙare a samu nasara. A 1168, a karkashin jagorancin kungiyar hadin sarakuna Andreya Bogolyubskogo kama Kiev da kuma ci amanar ganima, bayan da birnin taba dawo dasu. Its siyasa muhimmanci ki, kuma Galich, a akasin haka, ita ce cibiyar Yammacin Rasha.

Jaroslav ya jagoranci wani aiki kasashen waje da manufofin, ya shiga ƙawance da kuma yaƙi da Hungary da kuma Poland. Duk da haka, tare da mutuwa a kan Osmomysl Galicia fara jayayya. Ɗansa, da kuma magajinsa, Vladimir Yaroslavich yarda da daukaka na Rostov Prince Vsevolod Big gurbi. Ya kokawa da Boyar adawa da ƙarshe aka fitar da su daga garinsu. A wurin da aka kira Volyn Prince Roman Mstislavovich, kawo tare da rabo biyu a wani karfi Karkasa sarauta.

Association of Galicia da Volyn

Roman Mstislavovich - sabanin baya Galich sarakuna - wani kai tsaye zuriyar Vladimira Monomaha. A cewar mahaifiyarsa, shi ya kasance wani dangi na Yaren mutanen Poland mulki daular. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa wani yaro da suka fito a Krakow.

Bayan rasuwar Vladimir Yaroslavich Roman zo zuwa Galich, tare da Yaren mutanen Poland sojoji, wanda aka ba shi ta hanyar Sarkin - Mataimakinsa. Wannan ya faru a 1199. Wannan rana yana dauke da rana daga cikin halittar guda Galicia-Volyn sarauta. History of Western Rasha wannan lokaci ne mai ban sha'awa interweaving na na da Slavic siyasa.

Roman Mstislavovich sau biyu kama Kiev, amma bai samu ya yarima, da kuma sa a kan kursiyin da na gida da aminci mutanen da suka sami kansu a poluvassalnoy dangane da shi. Babban abin yabo daga cikin Bagalike Gwamnan yana cikin kungiyar na jerin kamfen a kan Polovtsian, wanda rinjayar biyu Yammacin kuma Eastern Rasha. Yaƙi da makiyaya, Roman koma zuwa taimako na dukan 'yan'uwansa na daga cikin Rurik daular. Akwai unconfirmed ka'idar cewa a cikin 1204, bayan faduwar Konstantinoful to shi gudu kõre Sarkin sarakuna Alexios III Angelos.

Fada ga mahaifinta Daniel gādo

Roman Mstislavovich mutu a 1205 bayan da wani farauta hatsari. Ɗansa, Daniel ne kawai wani jariri. Bagalike boyars ya yi amfani da wannan, ya tauye shi daga kursiyin. A tsawon rayuwar Daniel yi yaƙi da m aristocracy, Rasha sarakuna da kuma yammacin makwabta ga dama ya koma zuwa ga ubanku ta gādo. Shi ne mai haske zamanin cika da dukan abubuwan da suka faru. A lokacin zamanin mulkin Daniel Romanovich Yammacin Rus kai ta tattalin arziki da siyasa inganci.

Pillar ikon sarkin ya serviceman aji, da kuma birane mazauna, da ke goyon bayan mulkin kyautatãwa. A cikin shekaru da zaman lafiya da ci gaba, Daniel ya taimaka ci gaban da sabon gidãje kuma shopping cibiyoyin, don jawo hankalin enterprising yan kasuwa da gwani sana'a. A lokacin da aka kafa da kuma Lviv Hill.

A zinariya shekaru of Western Rasha

Bayan kai samartaka, a 1215 wani yaron yana da Prince of Volyn. Wannan gado, kuma ya kasance da manyan patrimony. A 1238, ya karshe mayar da sarauta daga Galich, da kuma 'yan watanni kama Kiev. The flourishing sabon iko da ya hana Mongol mamayewa. Back a 1223 matasa Daniel a cikin abun da ke ciki na Slavic prince kawance halarci yakin da Kalka. Sa'an nan mangolawa halshen fitina hari Polovtsian steppe. Fatattakar 'kawance da rundunoninsa, suka yi ritaya, amma suka dawo a cikin marigayi 30-ies. A farko, da Arewa maso gabas Rasha da aka fatattakakkun. Sa'an nan ya zo da nuna daga cikin gādon Daniel. Duk da haka, saboda gaskiyar cewa mangolawa da markedly poistrepali sojojinsa, ya ya iya kauce wa wannan babbar halaka a cikin tafkin Oka da Klyazma.

Daniel kokarin yaƙi da Mongolian barazana ta shiga ƙawance tare da Katolika kasashe. Lokacin da shi Bagalike Rus da kuma Yammacin Turai hada da ciniki tare da juna. Fatan taimakawa, Daniel ko amince da yarda da sarauta suna daga Paparoma, da kuma a 1254 ya zama sarki na Rasha.

Ikonsa ya kan daidai da iko Poland da Hungary. A wani lokaci a lokacin da Arewa-Maso-Yamma Rasha sha wahala daga Salibiyya, da kuma arewa-maso-gabas da mangolawa, Daniel gudanar ya ci gaba da zaman lafiya a dũkiyõyinsu. Ya mutu a cikin 1264, da barin mai girma wasiyya ga 'ya'yansu.

Raguwar da rashin 'yanci

Yara da jikoki daga Daniel sami ikon kula da harkokin siyasa 'yancin kai daga yamma. Galich da Volyn ƙasar da aka raba tsakanin Poland da kuma Lithuania, wanda ya hau kan tsohon Rasha mulkoki da dynastic aure, da kuma karkashin inuwar na kariya daga mangolawa. A 1303 nasu archdiocese, wanda shi ne kai tsaye ƙarƙashin sarki na Konstantinoful da aka kafa a yankin.

The yaki tare da Rasha a kan ta yammacin makwabta a lokacin da Poland da kuma Lithuania an raba tsakanin Galicia-Volyn gādo. Wannan ya faru a 1392. Ba da da ewa, kasashen biyu hannu a jam'iyya da kuma samar da wata guda Rzeczpospolita. Kalmar "Yammacin Rasha" ya hankali zama tsaoho.