Samar da mutum kirji. Siffar da kirji a yara

Thorax - wata halitta ciki harsashi, tsara don kare muhimmanci gabobin daga lalacewa, bruises ko jikkata. A cikin thoracic rami boye zuciya, huhu, da na huhu arteries da kuma veins, thymus, bronchi, esophagus, hanta. Don shi ne a haɗe da numfashi tsokoki da kuma tsokoki daga cikin manya extremities.

A tsarin da mutum kirji

Haƙarƙari keji an kafa na:

• 12 nau'i-nau'i daga arcuate gefuna da alaka da raya thoracic kashin baya da kuma gaban da alaka da sternum via costal cartilages.
• Breastbone - unpaired kashi da ciwon wani elongated siffar. An halin a kumbura a gaban farfajiya da kuma raya concavity. Yana hada sassa uku: na rike, jiki, da kuma xiphoid.
• Tsokoki.

A thorax ne m, watau, shi yana faɗaɗa da kwangila a kan aiwatar da numfasawa.

Nau'in kirji

A size da kuma siffar da thorax ne m, kuma za su iya bambanta dangane da mataki na ci gaba da tsokoki da kuma huhu. A mataki na ci gaba da karshen ne da nasaba, mutum aiki, ta aiki da kuma sana'a. Siffar daga cikin kirji ne al'ada yana iri uku:

• lebur.
• cylindrical.
• conical.

A lebur siffar daga cikin kirji

Sau da yawa samu a cikin mutane tare da raunana tsokoki da kuma manyan da wani m rayuwa. Shi ne tsawo da kuma saka a mota, a cikin anteroposterior diamita, da gaban bango ne kusan a tsaye, clavicle fili daraja, m intercostal sarari.

A conical siffar daga cikin kirji

Wannan fadi da kuma gajeren siffar da nono halin da mutane da kyau-raya kungiyar na tsokoki na kafada abin ɗamararsa. Its ƙananan part fadi fiye da saman. Gangaren karankarman ƙirji da kuma intercostal sarari ne kananan.

A cylindrical siffar daga cikin kirji

Wannan nau'i na kirji kullum ya auku a takaice mutane. Ta taso keya guda tare da dukan tsawon. A kwance tsari na hakarkarinsa ya bayyana mai hazo intercostal sarari. Brisket obtuse kwana. Mutane da hannu a wasanni da fasaha, shi ne wannan nau'i na nono.

Age da kuma physiological halaye

Samar da mutum kirji muhimmanci canza tare da shekaru. Yara jariri halin da kunkuntar da kuma truncated wani nau'i na truncated dala. Ta shi ne kadan matsa laterally. A gangara girma na kasa anteroposterior. A ci gaba da yaro, ya horo da kuma samun up a ja jiki, da ci gaba da musculoskeletal tsarin da kuma ci gaban da m haddasawa m girma daga cikin kirji. Siffar da kirji a yara a cikin shekara ta uku ta rayuwa zama mazugi-dimbin yawa. A 6-7 shekara girma dan kadan ragae saukar, kara kwana na son na hakarkarinsa a can. na makaranta shekaru yara da convex siffar kirji fiye da manya, da karkata daga hakarkarinsa ma ƙananan. Hade da wannan ne m, kuma m numfashi ƙaramin dalibai. Boys kirji fara girma karfi a 12 'yan mata - 11 years. A cikin tsawon shekaru 18 na kasance mafi talakawan nono sashen.

Siffar da kirji a yara dogara a kan motsa jiki da kuma jiki matsayi a lokacin da saukowa. Jiki aiki da kuma na yau da kullum motsa jiki da za su taimaka wajen kara da girma da kuma kirji widths. Expiratory form zai zama sakamakon rauni tsokoki da matalauta huhu ci gaba. M dasa, gina a gefen tebur, zai iya kai ga canje-canje a cikin siffar daga cikin kirji, wanda yana da mummunan tasiri a kan ci gaba da kuma aiki na zuciya, huhu da kuma manyan jini.

Girman raguwa, ragewan da kuma canza siffar da kirji a cikin tsofaffi da ake dangantawa da wata rage a cikin elasticity na haƙarƙari guringuntsi, m cututtuka na numfashi fili da kuma kifoznym curvature.

Maza thorax da kuma a kan mace haƙarƙari yana da wani karin pronounced lanƙwasa a kusurwar yankin. Mata suna da mafi pronounced karkatacciyar karkace hakarkarinsa. Saboda wannan, da kuma shi ne mai mafi lebur siffar da wani predominance na thoracic numfashi. A maza, da na ciki da irin numfashi, wadda yana tare da hijirar na diaphragm.

Thorax da motsi

An rawa a aiwatar da inhalation da exhalation aka yi numfashi tsokoki.
Inhaling Madĩna ta rage budewa da kuma na waje intercostal tsokoki da dagawa hakarkarinsa, dan kadan janye su a keɓe, da kara girma daga cikin thorax. Exhalation iska yana tare da shakatawa na numfashi tsokoki, ragewan hakarkarinsa karfafa na diaphragm Dome. Haske a kan aiwatar yi wani m aiki, wadannan da dabba ba a kanta katangu.

daban na numfashi

Dangane da shekaru da kuma balaga daga cikin kirji suna bambanta:

• Diaphragmatic numfashi. Saboda haka ne numfashi jarirai wanda ba su da mai kyau lankwasawa hakarkarinsa, kuma sunã a cikin wani kwance matsayi, da intercostal tsokoki ne mai rauni.
• Phrenic numfasawa da predominance na phrenic a yara a rabi na biyu na shekarar farko ta rayuwa, a lokacin da intercostal tsokoki fara girma karfi, tama cell fara fada saukar.
• Thoracic irin numfashi fara fi yawa a cikin yara daga 3 zuwa 7 shekara, a lokacin da na rayayye masu tasowa da kafada abin ɗamararsa.
• Bayan shekara bakwai akwai jinsi bambance-bambance a cikin daban na numfashi. Ciki zai fi a boys, ƙirjinka - 'yan mata.

Pathological nau'i daga cikin kirji

Pathology sau da yawa lura da marasa lafiya. Suna iya zama nakasar (hade tare da mai illa kashi ci gaba a lokacin daukar ciki), kuma ya samu (sakamakon raunin da ya faru da cututtuka daga cikin huhu, kasusuwa, kashin baya). Nakasawa da murdiya, yawanci bayyana a sauki jarrabawa daga cikin kirji. A tsari da kuma ta canje-canje, jeri na bangaren, illa numfashi kari damar wani gogaggen likita ya sanar da na farko ganewar asali. Siffar daga cikin kirji zama fi'ilan jifa-jifa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar pathological tafiyar matakai a cikin thoracic rami gabobin da kuma curvature daga cikin kashin baya. Pathological nau'i daga cikin kirji na iya zama:

• Ganga-dimbin yawa. Wannan sabawa da aka gano a cikin mutane a wanda huhu nama ya ƙãra haske, Ina nufin, karya elasticity da kuma ƙarfi. Wannan yana tare da wani karin abun ciki na iska a cikin Alveoli. Ganga dimbin yawa kirji ya kumbura su kẽta da kuma musamman anteroposterior diamita, tare da kwance hakarkarinsa da kuma fadi da intercostal sarari.
• Shanyayye. Wannan kirji ne kamar yadda lebur kuma kunkuntar. Furta collarbones da kuma shirya asymmetrically. Ruwan wukake a fili lagging bayan haƙarƙari karaga, da wurin da su daban-daban matakan da a kan aiwatar da numfasawa suka matsawa asynchronously. Location gefuna - slanting zuwa ƙasa. Shanyayyen nau'i daga cikin kirji samu a maras nauyi kamarsa mutane, mutane da rauni da tsarin mulki ya ci gaba, tare da m kullum cututtuka, kamar tarin fuka.
• Rachitic. Irin wannan tsari yana kuma kira keeled ko kaza. An halin wani gagarumin karuwa a cikin agara-na baya size cewa shi ne wani sakamako na fama da yara rickets. Kileobraznaya form taso a sakamakon kwayoyin munanan a cikin ci gaban da kwarangwal tsarin. ƙasũsuwa bulging iya zama da muhimmanci ko a'a. Tsananin ciwo shafar sakandare cututtuka da cewa faruwa saboda matsawa na zuciya da kuma huhu.

• Mazurari. Wannan irin pathologies da aka bayyana a cikin m mai danko da mutum bangarori na hakarkarinsa, guringuntsi, sternum. bakin dutse zurfin iya zama har zuwa 8 cm. A pronounced mazurari nakasawa yana tare da kawar da na zuciya, curvature daga cikin kashin baya, da matsaloli a cikin huhu, da canji na jijiya da kuma venous matsa lamba. A jarirai, Pathology kadan m kawai a lokacin da akwai wani kadan mai danko na numfashi a kirji. Yana zama mafi pronounced kamar yadda suke girma.
• Scaphoid. Halayyar wannan cuta ne gaban elongate tududa a tsakiyar da kuma babba sassa na sternum. Tasowa a yara fama da cututtuka na juyayi tsarin, wanda ta tsarè motor aiki da kuma ji na ƙwarai. Mai tsananin nakasawa yana tare da nakasa daga 'ya'yan numfashi, gajiya, motsa jiki da rashin ha} uri, m palpitations.
• Kifoskolioticheskimi. Yana tasowa a kan bango na kashin baya cututtuka, wato, thoracic, ko ne sakamakon wani traumatic rauni.

Evolution ya bayar da kariya daga mafi muhimmanci gabobin jikin mutum ta kirji. A cikin thoracic rami gabobin suna located, ba tare da wanda ba za mu iya tsira ga 'yan mintoci. Hard kashi frame ba kawai kare, amma kuma ya rubuta su a cikin wani m matsayi, tabbatar barga aiki da mu m yanayin.