Estate a Rasha a cikin 17th karni: taƙaitaccen bayanin

Estate a Rasha a cikin 17th karni - shi ne mai zaman jama'a kungiyar mallaki kulla ta hakkoki da wajibai, wanda aka mika sauka daga tsara zuwa tsara. A cikin kayan lokaci a kasar mu kasance cikin finalization na ginin zamantakewa na al'umma saboda da gwamnatin ta manufofin da tallafi na mai yawan yanke shawara, musamman shahara Conciliar The Code, wanda shi ne, a gaskiya ma rubuta da kyau-kafa gargajiya matsayi na zamantakewa strata.

boyars

Estate a Rasha a cikin 17th karni ne sau da yawa ake kira "daraja", amma ba sosai nufi na zuwa da sabis na musamman, da kuma hannu a cikin wata} kamfani. A wannan lokaci a kasar mu karshe kafa komai haqqinsa na'ura da iko, da farko Boyar Duma, da Zemsky Sobor da umarni. Dama su yi hidima a wadannan wakilin gawarwakin mallaka galihu aji a Rasha a cikin 17th karni. A karshen category hada da duka wadanda mutane da kuma ruhaniya lyãyengiji.

A tip na al'umma dauke nobility. Yana hada da dama kungiyoyin: wakilan da kaikaice rassan da Rurik daular, haye zuwa sabis na Moscow Khalifai Tatar taro sarakuna, da shugabannin Moldavia da Wallachia, tsohon Moscow nobility, kazalika da m shugabanninmu, shugabanni na mulkoki, abin da suke a daban-daban sau a haɗe zuwa Moscow. Wannan gatan aji a Rasha a cikin 17th karni yana da hakkin ya mallaki fiefdom - wani hereditary ƙasar ikon mallakar, daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar gado da hakkin ya mallaki serfs. A wuri na musamman a cikin Duma boyars shagaltar da Prince kuma Sarki. Sai waɗanda suka yi har saman management a cikin gwamnatin. Shahararren muhimmancin su ne majalisarsa - mutanen da suka rufa wa Gwamnan a kan hanya, sai ya ɗauki jakadun kasashen waje da jihohi, kazalika da umurnin a rajimanti, aiki a matsayin gwamnan.

Manyansu da kuma servitors

A mataki na gaba dauki nobility. Haka kuma an rarraba su zuwa Categories. Mun ji dadin na musamman daraja noblemen Moscow: Lauyan, baran. A na biyu wuri sun located manya 'yan sanda - lardin nobility. Wadannan mutane, kazalika da manyansu da da hakkin ya mallaki ƙasar rabo da serfs, amma, sabanin na farko, shi ne mai mallaka da za a gaji kawai idan dan ci gaba da bauta wa bayan mahaifinsa.

Rasha ta babban aji a cikin 17th karni dauki siffar kawai a wannan karni, a lokacin da rinjaye a baya lokacin da ginin zamantakewa samu majalisu goyon baya. Wani muhimmin category sun soja mutane. Suka kasu kashi da dama Categories: maharba, Gunners, maƙera, kuma Cossacks. Aka mai da su da dogara da yawan jama'a.

birane mazauna

Wannan kungiyar da aka ma dauke da dogara a kan gwamnati. Da cewa shi ne babban maroki na haraji ga baitulmali na gidan sarki, sabili da haka gwamnati ne musamman sha'awar yadda za a hašawa da wadannan mutane don su m wurin zama. Gari sun biya abin da ake kira haraji, haraji, da kuma a yanayin saukan gudun hijira ko karbo daga wani kewayen birni mutum, ta share fadi ga wasu. Saboda haka, ikon yawan mutane, an lazimta wa mai m wurin zama. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa sun gano cewa fara motsa a cikin fari ƙauyuka, da suke kebe daga haraji, kwanciya da masu da waɗansu rundunõni, rasa sirri yanci.

Farmers

Halayyar azuzuwan na 17th karni a Rasha hada da bincike na da halin da ake ciki na da girma da yawan jama'a. Muna magana ne game da manoma, da suke ma ba santsi. Suka kasu kashi chernososhnyh (wanda ya mallakar kõ kuwa da kaina free), da gidan haya, da suke a cikin sirri dukiya da gonaki, da gidan sarki, wanda yake na sarauta iyali. Sun kwashe dukan aikinsu, da farko serfdom (na halitta tsaftacewa) da kuma rents (tsabar kudi, ko a-irin gudunmawar da mai masauki). Conciliar The Code gabatar da wani tutur Inquisition gudun hijira manoma fiye da cemented da wanzuwar na serfdom a Rasha.

cinikayya

Kadarori na 17th karni a Rasha, wanda tebur da aka gabatar a wannan labarin ya nuna yadda mai girma da mataki na bambantawa na Rasha jama'a ya isa. A wani raba rukuni na 'yan kasuwa da abin ya shafa. Daga cikin su sun kasance mafi daraja da kuma m baƙi, wanda shagaltar da shahararren mukamai a kudi management kuma yana da hakkin ya mallaki fiefdoms da kuma rashin sumansa daga haraji. Membobi na falo kuma daruruwan zane kuma ya shafi galihu bangare na yan kasuwa. Suna da hakkin ya yi mulki da harkokin, kuma aka gangarawa da zabe shugabannin da foremen. Sauran 'yan kasuwa biya jihar aikinsu.

limaman

Tuki Rasha kadarori a lokacin 17th karni nuna wurin da kowane zaman kungiyar a matsayi. A limaman aka kasu kashi biyu: da baki da fari. Sinfi na farko ya hada da sufaye. Lama ma mallakar ƙasar ga manoma pripisnymi. Parish firistoci da iyali, dukiya, ilimi shi ne nauyin. Saboda haka, a kan tushen da na sama, za mu iya cewa a Rasha a cikin 17th karni karshe dauki siffar matsayi mulkin gargajiya al'umma.