Tribal Union of Eastern Slavs. 15 tribal ƙawance

Akwai da dama theories game da asalin na Slavs. A lokacin da Mai girma Hijira babbar dama daga cikin kabilan tsakiya da gabashin Turai, shi gangarawa yamma. Daban-daban shiriritar bayar da shawarar cewa Slavs sauko daga Antes, kuma wends sklavenov a V-VI ƙarni. A tsawon lokaci, da manyan taro da aka raba uku kungiyoyin: yammacin, kudanci da gabashin. karshe wakilan zauna a ba-rana Rasha, Ukraine da Belarus.

Eastern Slavs sun daya mutane. Wannan ba zai yiwu ba saboda bambance-bambance a sauyin yanayi da kuma rai yanayi. Akwai 15 tribal kungiya ta kashin na Eastern Slavs. Duk da zumunta dangantaka da kusa da kusanci na dangantakar ba ko da yaushe m.

Domin sauƙi daga rarrabuwa, masu bincike suna sau da yawa harhada tribal kungiya ta kashin na Eastern Slavs. Tebur zai taimake ka ka fahimci yawa sunayen da pre-images of jihohi. A IX-X ƙarni. dukansu suna da ha a Rasha karkashin jagorancin Kievan sarakuna.

Northern tribal ƙawance

A yanzu arewa na ecumene zauna a Slovenia. A historiography ma makale definition of "Ilmen" - title na lake, a kusa da wanda suka zauna. Daga baya, wani babban birni na Novgorod bayyana a nan, ya zama daidai da Kiev daya daga cikin biyu siyasa cibiyoyin Rasha. Wannan tribal alliance na gabashin Slavs kasance daya daga cikin mafi cigaban godiya kasuwanci da makwabta al'ummai da ƙasashe kan gaba daga cikin Baltic Sea. Su an san su m rikice-rikice da Vikings (Vikings), saboda abin da aka kira su zuwa ga zamanin Prince Rurik.

Don kudu ta zaunar da wani tribal ƙungiyar na gabashin Slavs - krivichi. Suka zauna a cikin sama kai na dama manyan koguna: da Dnieper, Western Dvina da Volga. Su main birane sun Smolensk da Izborsk. Polotsk da Vitebsk rayu Polochans.

Jamhuriyar tribal ƙawance

A mafi girma tributary da Volga - Oka - rayu vyatichi. Da shi shi ne m tribal jam'iyya na Eastern Slavs. Daga bar Vyatichi archaeological shafukan romeno-Borshchevskaya al'adu. Su ne mafi yawa tsunduma a aikin noma da kuma cinikayya da Volga Bulgars.

Don yamma na Vyatichi da kuma kudu na Krivichy rayu radzimichy. Su mallakar ƙasar tsakanin koguna Dnieper kuma Desna a zamani Belarus. Daga wannan kabilar da ya bar kusan babu rubuta kafofin - kawai ambaci mafi cigaba makwabta.

Dregovichi har yanzu rayu yamma Radimichi. Don arewa da su fara mallaka Lithuania daji mutane, tare da wanda Slavs yi haƙuri rikice-rikice. Amma ko da irin wannan dangantaka na da babban tasiri a kan Dregovichi wanda soma yawa na Balta halaye. Ko da harshen da ya canza da kuma sabon kalmomi aro daga arewacin makwabta.

Yammacin tribal ƙawance

A nesa da yamma rayu Volhynians kuma White Croats. Game da su ko da aka ambata da Byzantine Sarkin sarakuna Constantine Bagryanorody (a cikin littafinsa "A da gudanar da daular"). Ya yi imani da cewa wannan tribal jam'iyya na Eastern Slavs ne magabatan da Balkan Croats da suka rayu a kan iyakokin jihar tasa.

Volhynians kuma aka sani da buzhans, samu da sunan daga kogin Yammacin Bug. Su aka ambata a cikin Tale of bygone Years.

Kudu tribal ƙawance

Pontic matakan ne gida Ulichi da Tivertsy. Wadannan tribal kungiya ta kashin kasance a kan kudancin kan iyakar da shiri na Eastern Slavs. Sun kuma zauna a jeji da kullum yi yaƙi da gida Turkic makiyaya - Pechenegs da Polovtsy. gaza lashe a cikin wannan adawa, da Slavs, da kuma na biyu da rabi na X karni, suka karshe bar Black Sea yankin, ya magance a cikin garũruwa volynyan da Mix tare da su.

A kudu maso gabas Slavic oecumene rayu yan Arewa. Daga cikin sauran 'yan'uwanmu, suka sãɓã wa jũna a kunkuntar fuska siffar. Suna dauke da ya rinjayi makwabta steppe makiyaya, wanda 'yan Arewa yardatayya assimilated. Don 882 shekaru wadannan Jĩkõki, sun kasance aikin gandu na Khazars, yayin da Oleg bai hašawa da su zuwa ga iko.

drevlyans

A cikin dazuzzuka tsakanin Dnieper da Pripyat zaunar drevlyans. Su babban birnin kasar ya Iskorosten (yanzu hagu na shi tudun). A Drevlyane ya ɓullo da wani tsarin da dangantaka a cikin kabilar. A gaskiya, wannan ya kasance wani wuri nau'i na jihar tare da kansa sarki.

Wasu lokaci drevlyans rigingimu da makwabtanta lawns ga keda daukaka a yankin, da kuma karshen ko da biya haraji ga su. Duk da haka, bayan Oleg sõyayya da Novgorod da Kiev, ya yawaita, kuma Iskorosten. Magajinsa, Prince Igor aka kashe Drevlyane hannuwa bayan da suka bukaci haraji surpluses. Matarsa Olga ya mugunta revenged 'yan tawayen kafa wuta to Iskorosten, wanda sa'an nan ba sāke gina.

Sunayen da tribal kungiya ta kashin na Eastern Slavs sau da yawa da takwarorinsu a cikin daban-daban kafofin. Alal misali, Drevlyane kuma bayyana a matsayin dulebsky tribal jam'iyya, ko Dulebs. Hagu na su Zimnovskoe Fort, wanda a cikin VII karni, an halaka su da tashin hankali hatsari.

glade

Average Dnieper zaba domin share. Da shi shi ne mafi iko da kuma m tribal alliance. Excellent yanayi da kuma tati yarda su ba kawai don ciyar da kansu, amma kuma don kasuwanci nasarar da kasashe makwabtanta - to ba da rundunar motoci, da dai sauransu Wancan ne yankin ƙasar ya a hanya "daga Vikings ga Helenawa", wanda ya ba su wani babban riba ...

Kiev ya zama cibiyar da filin, located a kan wani babban banki na Dnieper. Its ganuwar aiki a matsayin abin dogara da kariya daga makiya. Da suke maƙwabtaka da tribal kungiya ta kashin na Eastern Slavs a cikin wadannan sassa? Khazars, Pechenegs da sauran nomadic mutane wanda ya so ya gabatar da wani zaunar haraji. The 882 shekara Novgorod prince Oleg nasara Kiev, kuma Ya halitta guda Gabas Slavic jihar, wurin mayar da babban birnin kasar nan.