Soviet jirgin ruwa na soja "Dmitry Donskoy". Santa Fe "Dmitry Donskoy": 65 aikin

Daban-daban na zamani masana tarihi an binciko yanayi, haddasawa da kuma sakamakon da tashin da ya faru a cikin Soviet zamanin. A halin yanzu, har yanzu mai babbar yawan m bayanai. A wani yawan kafofin, misali, bayyana Fe "Dmitry Donskoy". 1955 kwanakin baya zuwa haddin shari'a a kan jirgin. Yi la'akari da matsayin da rikodin, shi aka gilla mur.

Gaskiya da kuma karkatacciyar facts

A matakin na sirri a cikin Soviet shekaru ya sosai high. A wannan batun, wani takamaiman bayani game da wannan yunkuri ne isasshe kananan. A wannan yanayin, sakamakon daban-daban events. Alal misali, irin bayanan da za a iya samu:

• A Vladivostok, da tawaye yada wa Soviet jirgin ruwa na soja "Dmitry Donskoy". A tashin aka mur.
• A Pacific jiragen ruwa da aka gilla mur da tawaye (jirgin ruwa na soja "Dmitry Donskoy", shekarar 1955, Vladivostok). Harbe fiye da mutane 50.

A mafi cikakken nazari wannan bayanai baba sama mai yawa tambayoyi. Matsalolin a kafa gaskiya bayyana daga gaskiya cewa da yawa daga cikin bayanai watsa tare da babba murdiya. A halin yanzu, wasu kafofin ce cewa Soviet jirgin ruwa na soja "Dmitry Donskoy" a Vladivostok a wannan ranar da aka bata. A jirgin da aka rajista, a Pacific jiragen ruwa, amma a nuna na 19-20 ƙarni. Kamar yadda factory records nuna, Agusta 31, 1951 a lists na Navy aka lasafta jirgin ruwa na soja "Dmitry Donskoy". Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin solves matsalar na kara girma daga cikin rundunar motoci. A watan Afrilu na shekarar 1953 cikin jirgin da aka shar'anta a shuka su. A. Marty, Leningrad. A karshen watan Satumba na wannan shekara ya aka bai sabon sunan "Vladivostok". A cikin kaka da aka kaddamar a kan pontoons da towed zuwa Severodvinsk. Satumba 2, 1959 da jirgin ruwa na soja da aka cire daga cikin ginin da kuma fitar da su daga cikin Navy bada jerin sunayen da fasaha shiri ya 28.8%. Saboda haka, a Vladivostok, jirgin ba zai iya zama.

Abubuwan da ake bukata don gina

Kamar yadda aka ce a sama, bayan duniya na biyu jagorancin kasar ta kafa wata manufa don yin sama da jiragen ruwa. A daidai da Order of jama'ar kasar Commissar na Navy a farkon shekarar 1945, hukumar ta kafa. Ta aka shirya kayan a kan babban halaye da kuma iri daban-daban a nan gaba jiragen ruwa. A cewar Hukumar sakamakon da aikin a cikin Janar Staff ɓullo da tsare-tsaren na goma-shekara lokacin. A cewar su, a cikin shekara ta 1955, da jiragen ruwa da ya zama ba:

1. Rundujar soja masu dawaki jirgin sama m, a wani adadin na 6 raka'a.
2. Hallaka - 358 raka'a.
3. Battleships - raka'a hudu.
4. Kananan jiragen sama dako - 6 raka'a.
5. Tã Cruisers (40 inji mai kwakwalwa.). Daga cikin wadannan, - sanye take da wani 220-mm (10 inji mai kwakwalwa.) Kuma 180 mm (30 raka'a). GC kida.
6. Submarine - game da 500 raka'a.
7. Light Cruisers da 152-mm bindigogi GK - 54 raka'a.

Irin wannan yawan jiragen ruwa sa ran yi na yin amfani da sojan ruwa sojojin a bude da kuma rufe ruwaye. Duk da rashin samar da kudi da albarkatun, da dabaru a wannan batun da aka kyan gani, a bayyane yake. A ta aiwatar da m rundunar iya aiki zai wuce Figures Royal Navy. A cikin karfi, ya zai gama na biyu, kuma a cikin yawan submarines - da fari. soja kwarewa aka ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi a cikin shirin. Zaci tsarin battleships m idan aka kwatanta da pre-yaki. Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda wani ɓangare na Navy dako da aka hada.

gyara na wani shiri

Oktoba 27, 1945 farkon taron da aka gudanar a cikin Kremlin. Sai ya juya daga cewa Comrade. Stalin yana da nasa ra'ayi a kan kara raya Navy. A musamman, shi ne samarwa significantly rage yawan battleships, da kuma yawan nauyi motocin karu da kara da CC zuwa 305 mm. Stalin dauke inexpedient da gina jirgin sama dako a cikin shekaru goma. Ya bai ga bukatar, da kuma a cikin halittar Cruisers da 180-mm bindigogi. A lokaci guda Stalin ya ba da amsa domin gina haske motocin a cikin iyakar adadin. A karshe shirin da aka amince bayan tattaunawa yayi kasar shugaba. Sabon shirin ya hada da gina:

1. Tã Cruisers - 4 raka'a.
2. Hallaka - 188 raka'a.
3. Light Cruisers - 20 raka'a.
4. Submarines - 367 raka'a.

A shirin ya hada da samar da kwanciya da biyu battleships. Togiya jirgin sama dako daga shirin matukar a kan unwillingness na cikin gida da masana'antu. Sabon shirin ya yi a matsayin ci gaba da pre-yaki. Babban mayar da hankali a kan gina manyan manyan bindigogi jiragen ruwa. Wannan ba daidai da kwarewa na kwanan nan ƙare yaki.

zane

A daidai da Order of jama'ar kasar Commissar Kuznetsov, a cikin kaka na 1943, da aikin fara samar da sabon nau'in haske jirgin ruwa na soja. A watan Satumba, na farko version aka amince. Ba kamar abun da ke ciki da makamai 68 Aikin da aka ninka 137-mm da 100-mm anti-aircraft manyan bindigogi bindigogi. Bugu da kari, sabon kayan karkashin ruwa acoustics da radar aka gabatar. A cikin wannan shirin zaci maye sau uku-tube torpedo motocin a kan biyar-mazurari, kafa na 4 rokoki. Amma ga cruising fuska, ya kamata ya kasance 8 dubu. Miles. A iyakar gudu daga 35 kullin da aka shirya. Standard kawar da haka bai kamata zama ya fi dubu 10. T.

na biyu edition

A cikin wannan shirin domin 1946-1955 biennium., Ya kamata ya haifar da 30 da kuma sa 4 haske Cruisers. Da farko, da dama, saukarwa daga cikin ayyuka envisaged. A farko wuri shi aka shirya don kammala gina 5 jiragen ruwa na aikin 68-K, sa'an nan Ya daidaita gina 7 Cruisers na aikin 68-bis. Bayan da cewa farkon envisaged halittar wani sabon jerin. Daga cikin su ya kamata ya zama jirgin ruwa na soja da kuma "Dmitry Donskoy". Project 65 da shawarar mafi rapidity, kasa hijira. Yana da aka shirya ya ba da jiragen ruwa tare da sabon ikon shuke-shuke. A shekarar 1945, na sarrafawa da kuma fasaha da bukatun da aka bayar. A Savitchev ya aka zaba a matsayin shugaban zanen. Daga cikin sabon bukatun za a canza abun da ke ciki na anti-aircraft manyan bindigogi da makamai. Maimakon a 37-mm twin bindigogi 12 ya shafi shigarwa na hudu yan hudu 45-mm da kuma 4.6-mm twin 25 automata. Shirin ya kara da ajiyar da rage tonnage zuwa 8-8.5 dubu. Ton. A general karfafawa shi don amfani a wani makami 8 GMAT m tekuna a matsayin da ake bukata.

rikitaccen

Kafin gina wannan wata katuwar jirgin ruwa na soja "Dmitry Donskoy", Project 65 ya halartar da yawa canje-canje. All aka gayyace game da 40 bambance-bambancen karatu. Ga wasu daga cikinsu da korar da aka 13.5-15 dubu. Ton. A gaskiya, wadannan Figures dace da sigogi na babban haske Cruisers. Bayan wani lokaci predeskizny ci gaban tsaya saboda matsalar a kayyade da ya dace fasaha jirgin siffar. Ya ya kamata ya zama qualitatively daban-daban daga da magabata da wani m misali hijirar na ba fiye da 15 thous. Ton. At shawarar na CDB-17, da aikin da aka za'ayi a biyu bambance-bambancen karatu. A Stalin ta umarni, duk da haka, a shekarar 1947, aikin da aka tsaya. Developers refocused kokarin a kan tsare-tsaren na 82 da kuma 68 bis.

Santa Fe "Dmitry Donskoy": aikin

A watan Maris shekarar 1949, a cikin ppm-17 gama aiki a kan zane. Ba tare da jiran gwamnatin yabo, da zanen kaya ya fara aikin injiniya zane. Amma faduwar Stalin samarwa ƙara da jirgin ya gudu zuwa 35 kullin da kuma rage hijirar na up to 36 ths. Ton. A daidai da wannan a cikin guntu yiwu lokacin da aikin da aka tsara a cikin ppm. Har zuwa karshen, da aiki a kan shi aka kammala. A lokacin da aiwatar da ikon shuka damar da za a karu da 30%, canja abun da ke ciki na anti-aircraft manyan bindigogi da kuma duniya, rage tsaye Bookings da sauransu. Saboda da kara gudun da jirgin na aikin 82, akwai bukatar a yi haske Cruisers. A watan Oktoba 1950, da sarrafawa-dabara aiki da aka samu. A cewar shi, shirin gina wani haske jirgin ruwa na soja 65 aikin, wanda ya kamata ya gudu a 35-36 kullin. Domin dauke da fitar da m aikin da aka amince da bambance-bambancen karatu 2 tare da daban-daban da makamai, da kuma kawar da na ajiyar. Predeskizny zane da aka kammala a shekarar 1951. Amma m aikin da aka za'ayi.

gyara

Maris 16, 1976 farko nauyi jirgin ruwa na soja "Dmitry Donskoy" da aka kunshe a cikin jiragen ruwa da Navy. A watan Disamba, 1982, sai aka canjawa wuri zuwa Yammacin-rubucen daga Severodvinsk. A tsakiyar watan Satumba 1989, jirgin ya juya baya. A sha'anin "Sevmash" modernization da overhaul aka za'ayi. A marigayi Yuni 2002, da jirgin ruwa na soja "Dmitry Donskoy" da aka samu nasarar gwada. Bisa ga sakamakon, ya aka sake shigar da Arewa jiragen ruwa.

Submarine "Dmitry Donskoy": wani photo, wani janar bayanin

The jirgin yana daya daga shida gina da kuma daya kawai suka rage a cikin sahu. Ya yi rawar da wata gada tsakanin nukiliya-powered jiragen ruwa 3rd da 4th zamaninsu. Santa Fe "Dmitry Donskoy" aka sanye take da sabon "Bulava" hadaddun. Sai ya zama a wannan jirgin ne gwada makamai. Makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja "Dmitry Donskoy" shi ne mafi girma a duniya. Its full hijirar - 49,8 ton Vehicle Length - .. 172 m da nisa -. 23,3. Nukiliya submarine "Dmitry Donskoy" ne m na dauke da 20 Maris-mataki ICBM, da lokacin da na fara taro na 90 t. A 1996-1997. saboda rashin kudi, uku jiragen ruwa guda jerin bauta wa duk 12-13 years old, aka dauka daga cikin Navy. Wani biyu - TK-20 da kuma TK-17 ( "Severstal" da "Arkhangelsk") kasance a cikin sahu. Babban jirgin a cikin jerin ne nukiliya jirgin ruwa na soja "Dmitry Donskoy". Domin a shekaru 10 ya kasance a karkashin gyara a cikin "Sevmash" kamfanin. Ga shi nan sake kayan aiki da kuma na zamani.

makamai

Da farko, da submarine "Dmitry Donskoy" da aka shirya kafa wani sa na "Haushi". An tsara a cikin Design ofishin. Makeyev. A hadaddun hada da makami mai linzami da warhead rabu da irin. Da suka kamata su a sanye take da wani tsarin na inertial tauraron dan adam shiriya. Yana bayar da mafi tsayuwa. Amma da hudu gwaje-gwaje na hadaddun kasance m. A wannan batun, da makamai bita. A sakamakon haka, an yanke shawarar kafa a kan sulke jirgin ruwa na soja "Dmitry Donskoy" hadaddun "Bulava-30", sanya ta Moscow Cibiyar thermal Technology. Ya yi suna da wani gagarumin amfani a kan American takwaransa "Trident II".

Gamawa na

A 2008, da girma daga cikin shirya matakan ship hira da aka kammala. A watan Disamba, 2004, da yi na ƙarshe na teku gwaji da aka sanya hannu. A daidai da amince shirin a kan jirgin cikin jirgin ruwa na soja gwajin makami mai linzami jefa hadaddun "Bulava" da aka aikata. A halin yanzu da jirgin da aka bauta a cikin Navy.

Historical rubutu: asalin ra'ayin

Kamar yadda kafa da ra'ayin gina wani teku jirgin ruwa na soja amsa Vice Admiral A. A. Popov. Ya umarta a detachment na corvettes da clippers. Experience cewa ya tara a lokacin da halittar farko sulke Cruisers da housings na karfe da kuma rework na jirgin "Minin" ya} unshi a cikin biyu embodiments. A lokaci guda Popov nema halayyar halaye na Admiral karshe Aslanbegova. Jigon duk shawarwarin da aka tattara, takaice shi kamar haka:

1. A manyan bindigogi a kan jirgin ya kamata a yi ya fi girma zamo ba, amma an saita zuwa wani karami lambar.
2. Santa Fe dole yi wani jirgin ruwa mai filafilai, ba wani Corvette. Ya dole ne a rufaffiyar baturi.
3. Wajibi ne a kara girma: tsawon har zuwa 91,5 m, nisa - 17,1 m.
4. Speed wajibi ne a kara wa 16-17 kullin.
5. Ikon da ya kamata a karu zuwa 1000 lita maras muhimmanci. wani.
6. Number of torpedo shambura dole ne a rage zuwa hudu.
7. Daga biyu topsail yadi ya kamata a jefar da.
8. Coal gefe dole ne a karu zuwa 1.2 dubu. T.

Amfani da wani babban matsayi, Popov lashe yardar ayyukan ba tare da harhada su tare da shugaban kwamitin kwararru. A farkon Maris 1880 farko jirgin gini da aka nada Laftanar Kanar Samoilov. Mataimakansa ne kyaftin Potapov. shiri aikin da aka aika zuwa wani domin kayan da za a fara a karshen watan Mayu. Daga 18 Disamba mai gini, ya zama Kuteinikov. Maris 28, 1881 farko jirgin ruwa na soja samu da sunan "Dmitri Donskoi". A bikin na aikin hukuma alamomin a kan May 9th.

Wasu yi facts

Per mikakke jirgin ruwa na soja "Dmitriy Donskoy" scripting tuƙi tururi drive. Nan da nan da ya je masa a cikin size. A matuƙin jirgin ruwa da aka sanya a kan mãsu kauri (hadisin). Tangarahu Machine shigar a kan gaban gada. Don ƙirƙirar zama dole yanayi na aikin na musamman dunƙule Tiller aka ƙirƙira a free ruwa "parallelogram motsi." Ya quite mai wuya fasaha matsalar. Amma shi aka warware.

gwajin

Santa Fe "Dmitry Donskoy" da aka kaddamar a kan Agusta 18, 1883-th. A lokacin mataki na karshe na ayyukan tashi komai haqqinsa matsaloli dangane da rikici tsakanin biyu mallakar gwamnati mashigai. A sakamakon abubuwan da suka faru shimfiɗa ta a kan 2 shekaru. A May 1885 na farko a kan jirgin ya fara gwaji da kuma yarda da fasaha kayan aiki na mahakar da kuma manyan bindigogi. Har Agusta da jirgin ruwa na soja "Dmitry Donskoy" da aka saki a cikin teku sau uku kawai. Ya talakawan gudun ya 16,16 kullin da na'ura damar 5972 lita. wani.

ofishin

A kaka 1885 farko jirgin ruwa na soja zuwa da Rum. Domin shekaru biyu ya gangarawa musamman naúrar daga can. A 1887 jirgin hada da Pacific rundujar soja masu dawaki umarce Rear Admiral Kornilov. By May 1889 "Don" koma zuwa Kronstadt. Ga shi nan dan kadan refurbishment da kuma 21 ga watan Satumba, 1891 farko sake dawo cikin Bahar Rum. Akwai ya jagoranci wani detachment na clipper "bully", jirgin ruwa mai filafilai "Minin" da kuma gunboat "Uralets". A watan Maris 1892, na farko detachment aka watse. Santa Fe "Don DM." An aiko ta hanyar da Marmara Sea zuwa Konstantinoful sa'an nan zuwa ga Black Sea. Tun Yuli 1892 farko jirgin tushen a Vladivostok. Ga shi nan cikin babban karfi rundujar soja masu dawaki. A watan Fabrairu na gaba shekara, cikin jirgin suka tafi Port Said. Nan don maye gurbin kyaftin Gessen ya interceded NA Green. A jirgin ruwa na soja da aka karkashin jagorancin Rasha tawagar da aka gayyace ta gwamnatin Amurka domin bikin na 400th ranar tunawa da aka gano Amirka da. Maris 16 ya fara yin iyo. Saboda da m rinjaye iska juna, "Don" ya yi latti domin tarin jiragen ruwa da kuma tafi kai tsaye zuwa New York. A watan Satumba, ya koma kasarsa. Its boilers da motoci da aka tsanani lalace kuma bukatar nan da nan gyara. By 1894 th aikin da aka kammala. A 1895, da jirgin ruwa na soja da aka maye gurbinsu a kan harsashi Kane manyan bindigogi bindigogi. By 29 ga Oktoba, 1895 ta farko duk gwaje-gwaje da aka kammala. Santa Fe "Don" da aka saki a cikin Bahar Rum da "Rurik". A wannan lokacin ne ya fara rikici a kan Black Sea straits. Fabrairu 14, 1896 farko jiragen ruwa suka aika zuwa Far East. A Afrilu 9, suka tafi don su Nagasaki. Wannan lokaci na sabis da aka miƙa zuwa shekaru 6. A shekarar 1900, "Don" dauki bangare a cikin horar da sojoji da kuma sojojin ruwa a Port Arthur, wanda daga baya ya koma zuwa ga real yaƙi.

A 1901, 12 ga watan Disamba, da jirgin ya koma Kronstadt. A nan sai ya ciyar da renovations ga Pacific rundujar soja masu dawaki. Musamman, 6 daga goma 120-mm cannons an maye gurbinsu da 75mm gun. A 1903, da jirgin ruwa na soja "Diamond" da "Don" wa bi wani detachment na hallaka. Duk da haka, zargin dade fiye da shirya da kuma jirgin shiga wani raba detachment, umarta ta Rear Admiral Virenius. A matakin farko na yaki ya ya iya wuce kawai Bahar Maliya da ya yi umurni da komawa.

yakin Tsushima

Santa Fe "Dmitry Donskoy" a shekara ta 1904 da aka kunshe a cikin 2 nd Pacific rundujar soja masu dawaki. Ya umarta a jirgin kyaftin Lebedev. Samun rundujar soja masu dawaki hanyar da kewaye m. Good Hope a ranar 14 May 1905 ya shiga yaki a karkashin tutar na Rear Admiral-Enquist a Korea mashigar. A lokacin yaki a daya batu Cruisers "Ow. Monomakh" da "DM. Don" rufe sãsanninsu, "Aurora", lishivshuyusya management. A yin haka, suka sami kansu a karkashin wuta daga Japan bawo. Rasha Cruisers zai iya lalata da dama Japan jiragen ruwa. A wannan lokaci, high-gudun "Lu'ulu'u", "Oleg" da kuma gyara "Aurora" zo daga cikin yaƙi, don ci gaba da iyakar gudu. A sakamakon haka, tutsar sulug "Don" bar shi kadai. Bayan gudanar don kauce wa mine hare-hare, da jirgin ya jira dare da devyatiuzlovym ci gaba da bice hasken wuta tafi Vladivostok.

Daga cikin dukkan Cruisers na 1st daraja kawai "Don" Na iya samun kusa da karshen duk iyo a raga. A game da. Dazhelet ya tsaya a cire tawagar daga zuwa kasa na hallakarwa "Wild Daya". A wannan lokaci ya bayyana a sararin sama-gudun Japan jirãge, "Tsushima", "Niitaka", "aftermath", "Akashi", "Takachiho" da "Naniwa". Baya ga wadannan, ga "Don" aka gabatowa 4 hallaka. Su da sauri ya dauki wata guda da jirgi a cikin yanayi. Rasha umurnin ki mika wuya da kuma ci gaba da harba a biyu beads. Santa Fe tawagar gudanar ya buga fitar 2 maƙiyi jirgin ruwa ( "aftermath" da "Naniwa"). Amma jirgin iya ba tafi da kara. Ya samu irin raunin da cewa farashinsa bai jimre da ruwa zuwa ta ramin. A dare, tsibirin da aka koma da matukan jirgin da ya mortally rauni kwamandan. By safe da jirgin ruwa na soja "Dmitry Donskoy" nutse, ba su saukar da tutar. Ivan Nikolaevich Lebedev rasu 'yan kwanaki baya a Japan fursunonin yaƙi.

ƙarshe

Kamar yadda ka gani, da rabo daga cikin jirgin ne quite rikitarwa. A gaskiya ma, ya samu wani biyu haihuwa a nuna na 20-21 ƙarni. Duk da haka, rashin kudade muhimmanci impede aiki a kan ta sabuntawa. Saboda haka yana da kaddamar da shi ya kusan shekaru goma. Abin baƙin ciki, a daban-daban kafofin ne sau da yawa samu m bayanai. Duk da haka, da dama daga masana tarihi, gudanar da aiki da bincike da kuma bayani na da ainihin gaskiya. Yau da jirgin ruwa na soja ne a duniya, most submarines. Ya muhimmanci modified, sanye take da latest makamai da kayan aiki a kan ta. A jirgin ya wuce duk dole gwaje-gwaje da kuma an hidima a cikin sahu na Navy.