Royal Navy: description, jerin da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Long kafin sarki Peter "ya bude wani taga" a cikin Baltic Sea, da kuma aza harsashin ginin da Rasha Navy, "farka daga cikin tekuna" for ƙarni Ingila mulkin tãguwar ruwa a duniya. The abubuwan da ake bukata don wannan ne duka na musamman, insular wuri UK da geopolitical larura a yaki da m Turai iko - Spain, Faransa, Portugal.

farko

A farko da manyan jirãge, Birtaniya za a iya daukarsa a trireme da diremy Roman Empire, wanda ya fito don ya tambaya na Shipbuilding kamar yadda tsanani kamar yadda komai - ta sailing-kwale jiragen sun ganiya da fasahar da lokaci. Bayan barin Romawa da samuwar a Birtaniya Tsibirin jam'i na daban-daban mulkokin Birtaniya jiragen ruwa muhimmanci rasa a duk aka gyara - tonnage, processability da yawa.

Himmatuwa impetus zuwa fitowan da mafi m jirgin ruwa ya fara hari Scandinavians - da Vikings ferocious azumi da kuma maneuverable Drakkar sanya yankunan da hare-hare a kan gabar teku birni da kuma coci. A yi yawa sintiri jiragen ruwa ya yarda da Birtaniya don rage asarar daga intruders.

A na gaba mataki a cikin ci gaban da Birtaniya soja jiragen ruwa - mamayewa na William Tanƙwasa da kuma samuwar wani unitary jihar, Ingila. Tun wannan lokacin, da kuma magana game da bayyanar da Birtaniya jiragen ruwa.

Birtaniya Royal Navy

The hukuma tarihi na Royal Navy na Ingila ya kamata a fara da Henry VII, wanda ya karu da Birtaniya jiragen ruwa daga 5 zuwa 30 jiragen ruwa. Har da marigayi 16th karni Birtaniya teku na musamman laurels ba a sami, amma bayan nasarar kan Spanish "Armada" da kuma kuri'a na sauran Victoria halin da ake ciki na sojan ruwa detachment daga gasar Turai (Spain da Faransa) ya fara matakin kashe.

Corsairs da kuma fashi - bangarorin biyu na wannan tsabar

A cikin tarihi na Birtaniya sojan ruwa na musamman da shubuha line daraja ambata cikin ayyukan da ya shahara English corsairs, cikin shahararrun daga wanda su Frensis Dreyk da Henry Morgan. Duk da overtly predatory "core ayyuka", na farko daga cikinsu da aka knighted kuma ci Spaniards, da kuma na biyu kara zuwa Turanci kambi wani lu'u-lu'u - Caribbean tarin tsiburai.

R.N.

The hukuma tarihi na Navy na Burtaniya (akwai sabani alaka gaban fleets na Ingila da Scotland kafin 1707, lokacin da akwai su jam'iyya) yana farawa a tsakiyar 17th karni. Tun wannan lokacin, Birtaniya ta fara samun m da m kashi a sojan ruwa fadace-fadace, a hankali samun da suna daga cikin karfi sojan ruwa iko. Ganiya na Turanci magabaci a cikin tãguwar ruwa da dama a kan Napoleonic Wars. Suka zama a lokacin da daukaka ga tafiyarta jiragen ruwa, wanda ya kai wannan lokaci ta fasaha rufi.

A ƙarshen Napoleonic Wars Royal Navy na Great Britain hau zuwa pedestal daga cikin karfi jiragen ruwa a duniya. A cikin karni na 19th, Birtaniya ta farko da aka canza itãciya, kuma nã gudãna a cikin baƙin ƙarfe da tururi. Duk da cewa da UK Navy ta kusan babu wani ɓangare a manyan fadace-fadace, da Navy aka dauke sosai babbar, kuma da hankali ga kiyaye ƙarfi kuma shiri na sojan ruwa sojojin da aka fi mai da hankali. Muhimmancin da Birtaniya hali zuwa ta amfani a duniya ta teku ne da cewa rasa rubutu rukunan ya umurce su kula da wadannan aboki na sojojin: Royal Navy ya zama karfi fiye da kowane biyu navies a hade.

Duniya: A manyan jiragen ruwa da High Tekuna jiragen ruwa

Royal Navy a yakin duniya tabbatar da ba a matsayin mai haske kamar yadda iya An sa ran kafin farkon: a manyan jiragen ruwa, wanda babban haƙiƙa ya da shan kashi na Jamus High Tekuna jiragen ruwa, ya aiki da aka ba ƙware - hasara ya muhimmanci mafi girma fiye da na Jamus. Duk da wannan, da UK Shipbuilding iya aiki da aka haka mai girma cewa shi ya kiyaye da amfani, da tilasta Jamus ta yi watsi da dabara na babban fadace-fadace da kuma matsawa zuwa ga barawon dabara ta amfani da wayar sadarwa submarines.

By wannan lokaci shi ya hada da halittar biyu, ba tare da ƙari, wata alama ce da warships, wanda sun zama magabatansu na dukan fannoni a cikin Shipbuilding. Na farko shi ne HMS Dreadnought - wani sabon nau'in jirgin ruwa na soja da makamai masun karfi da tururi inji mai farfela shuka, kyale shi wajen samar da dama a lokacin da 21-qulle-qulle. A na biyu kuwa shi ne HMS Ark Royal - wani jirgin sama m, suka bauta wa Navy na Great Britain har 1944.

Duk da dukan hasarori na farko World, to ta ƙarshen UK shi yana a kan ma'auni na wata babbar rundunar motoci, dangling a kan wani ma'ajiyar kasafin kudin kaya. Saboda haka, Washington Yarjejeniyar a 1922, iyakance seafarers wasu adadin a kowane daga cikin azuzuwan jiragen ruwa, da ta zama real ceto ga tsibirin.

Yakin duniya na II: Aiki a kan kwari

Royal Navy UK jiragen ruwa a farkon duniya na biyu mallaki ashirin da biyu manyan-iya aiki jiragen ruwa (battleships da kuma jirgin sama dako), 66 jiragen ruwa cruising aji, kusan ɗari biyu hallaka da shida dozin submarines, ban da yi. Wadannan sojojin ne mafi girma daga samuwa a cikin wuri na Jamus da kawayenta a cikin 'yan sau, wanda a yarda da Birtaniya su fatan wani m sakamako ga kanka sojan ruwa fadace-fadace.

A Jamus, da sanin da magabaci na Birtaniya, bai samu shiga a cikin kai tsaye arangama da iko squadrons na masõya kuma yi yaƙin yaƙi. A musamman rawar da aka buga da submarines, wanda ta Uku Reich riveted kusan dubu!

Karl Doenitz, "Guderian karkashin ruwa", ya ci gaba da dabarun na "kerkẽci fakitin", da ake zargin kai hare-hare a kan convoys da kuma kai hare-hare daga cikin irin "bit - bounced". Kuma karo na farko, yawo squads na Jamus submarines jagoranci Birtaniya a Jihar buga - da halarta a karon na tashin a Arewa Atlantic aka bayar a staggering adadin asarar a harkokin ciniki da a Navy na Great Britain.

An ƙarin m factor for Jamus ne da cewa tushe na Navy na Burtaniya a 1941 an yawa rasa a da lambar kuma ingancin - da shan kashi na Faransa, kãmun Belgium da Netherlands aikatã mai raɗaɗi duka da tsare-tsaren na tsibirin. Amma Jamus samu damar yadda ya kamata amfani da kananan submarine tare da wani lokaci kadan, m kewayawa.

Gudanar da baya da halin da ake ciki a kudi na decrypting da lambobin na Jamus submariners, da samar da wani sabon tsarin na convoys, gine-gine da isasshen yawan musamman rakiya jiragen ruwa da kuma iska goyon baya. Bugu da ari Birtaniya nasara a cikin tẽku da aka hade da biyu da babbar Shipbuilding wurare (Birtaniya da aka gina jiragen ruwa da sauri fiye da Jamus sunk su), da kuma tare da Allied nasarorin a kan ƙasar. Italiya fita daga yaki kwace Jamus na ta Rum sansanin soja, da kuma yakin da Atlantic aka lashe.

Falklands: rikici ban sha'awa

A postwar lokaci, Royal Navy jiragen sun lura a kansa a cikin Falklands War tare da Argentina. Duk da na yau da kullum yanayin da rikici, da asarar tsibirin sanya da dama da ɗari mutane, da dama, daga jirgi da dozin mayakan. Hakika, a kan tsari na wani m teku ikon a kasar Birtaniya sauƙi sanya jin xaukaka iko a Falklands.

sanyi yaki

Amma babban makamai tseren ya ba tare da tsohon makiya - Japan da Jamus, da kuma tare da 'yan ally a kan block - Tarayyar Soviet. "The Cold War" iya a kowane lokaci zama zafi, don haka Royal Navy shi ne har yanzu a kan m jijjiga. Jeri na sojan ruwa da kwasfansu, ci gaba da kuma commissioning na sabon tasoshin, ciki har da submarines da makaman nukiliya - duk Burtaniya sanya riga a cikin sahu na biyu lambar. Babban rikici ne tsakanin biyu Titans - Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Amurka.

Soja Birtaniya Navy yau

Yau an dauke mafi girma a cikin Tsohon Duniya da aka hada da (a kan wani juyawa tushen) dangane Navy NATO. Aircraft dako da kuma makami mai linzami Cruisers da ikon kawo nukiliya warheads ne babban mai daukan hankali da karfi da Navy na Great Britain. Abun da ke ciki shi a lokacin 64 daga cikin jirgin, wanda 12 ne submarines, m 2, 6 hallaka, 13 aji "jirgin ruwa mai filafilai" jirãge, uku saukowa 16 minesweeper da ashirin sintiri da kuma masu gadi jiragen. Wani karin jirgin, "Fort Dzhordzh" shi ne wani yaki wajen sabani.

Yana shine kan gaba, jirgin sama m "shirin shawo" - multipurpose jirgin da ya yi aikin ba kawai aiki na basing bene da jirgin sama, amma kuma saukowa aiki (baza har zuwa 250 sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa da kuma Airborne kayan aiki). "Shirin shawo" da aka gina a 2001, kuma ya sa a cikin aiki, a 2005.

Babban karfi na sama-ruwa ne frigates jerin "Norfolk", mai suna bayan wani English shugaba, kuma submarine - SSBN jerin "Vanguard", sanye take da makaman nukiliya da makamai masu linzami. Rundunar ta dogara ne a Plymouth, Clyde da kuma Portsmouth, da kuma Plymouth Devonport tushe da hidima a cikin wannan rawa tare da 1588! Duk da yake shi tattarã jirãge a laɓe ga sosai Spanish "Armada". Ta ne kawai daya a kan wadda ta gyara jiragen ruwa tare da makaman nukiliya injuna.

ban sha'awa facts

Juyin jiragen ruwa Royal Navy aji SSBNs (nukiliya submarines) ba a sanya - akwai tsibirin wani fasaha yiwuwar. Saboda haka, cinya su aiki rai na submarine kawai kiyaye har fi sau.

Rasha makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja izinin daga yankin ruwan da United Kingdom a 2013 gigice ba kawai talakawa mutane amma kuma da sojojin ruwa na kasar. Rasha Navy a tekun na Great Britain. Duk da matsayi na teku ikon, Birtaniya ba su da sauƙi samu wani jirgin m aji da kuma iya ci gaba zuwa ga Rasha jirgin ruwa na soja.

Birtaniya mallakar primacy a cikin halittar iri biyu jiragen ruwa shekaru da yawa canza fuskar sojan ruwa fadace-fadace: dreadnought - wani iko da kuma azumi jirgin, mafificin ta hammayarsu a sirri, kazalika a ikon volley da wani jirgin sama m - wani jirgin, wanda shi ne babban yau Navy tilasta dukan manyan kasashe.

a karshe

Abin da ya canza a Burtaniya Navy daga lokacin Roman mulki da kuma wa yau? Royal Navy tafi daga m sudenyshek Saxon earls to abin dogara da kuma iko frigates "Manowar" sau na Drake da kuma Morgan. Kuma m, riga a ganiya na da iko, shi ne na farko daga cikin teku a kusa da. Biyu a duniya yaƙe-yaƙe sun girgiza mulkin Pax Britannika, amma ga shi, shi da sojojin ruwa.

A halin yanzu, a rãnar da Navy na Burtaniya cikin sharuddan tonnage ne a kan 6th wuri, bayan India, Japan, China, Rasha da kuma Amurka, da kuma jama'ar {asar Amirka "tsibirin" hasarar kusan sau 10. Wanda zai yi tunanin cewa wani tsohon mallaka bayan kamar wata ƙarni zama tausayin to kallo a tsohon uwa kasa?

Duk da haka, Birtaniya Navy - shi ne ba kawai bindigogi, da jirgin sama dako, da makamai masu linzami da kuma submarines. Wannan shi ne - tarihi. A tarihin manya manyan nasarori da kuma, kawar da kashi, jaruntakar ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma mutum bala'in ... "Hail Britannia.A, farka daga cikin tekuna!"