Inda ya Konstantinoful? Kamar yadda yanzu ake kira Konstantinoful?

A almara birni ya maye gurbin yawa sunayen, da al'ummai, da dauloli ... The madawwami kishiya na Roma, shimfiɗar jariri, da Orthodox Kristanci da kuma cikin babban birnin kasar na daular, wanda ya wanzu a karni ... A zamani maps wannan birni ba za ka samu, duk da haka, yana da rai da kuma girma. A wurin, inda ya kasance Konstantinoful, located ba ta da nisa daga gare mu. A cikin tarihin wannan birnin da daraja Legends tattauna a wannan talifin.

fitowan

Maida kuɗi ƙasar, dake tsakanin tekuna biyu - Black Sea da kuma Rum, mutane suka fara a cikin VII karni BC Kamar yadda suka ce Greek texts, a kan arewa bakin Bosphorus zaunar mallaka na Militas. Asian Coast mashigar obzhili Megara. A birane biyu suka tsaya suna fuskantar juna - a Turai na Militas ya Rum, a kudu tudu - Megara Kalhedon. Wannan halin da ake ciki a yarda da kauyen don sarrafa Bosphorus. Brisk kasuwanci tsakanin kasashen na Black Sea da Aegean Sea, na yau da kullum gudana daga dukiya, cinikayya da kuma soja jiragen ruwa na balaguro samar da kwastan aikinsu biyu daga cikin wadannan birane, wanda zai zama daya.

Saboda haka, narrowest wuri na Bosporus, daga baya suna da bay na Golden Kakakin, kuma ya kasance daya batu inda birnin Konstantinoful.

Ƙoƙarin kama Rum

Rich da m Rum ja hankalin masu yawa generals da nasara. Game da shekaru 30 a lokacin da nasarar Dariyus, Rum tana karkashin mulkin daular Farisa. Golf gwada shiru rayuwa ga daruruwan shekaru zuwa da ƙofofinsa kusata sojojin Sarkin na Macedonia - Philip. Watanni da dama na kewaye kasa. Enterprising kuma m 'yan ƙasa fĩfĩta biya haraji to da yawa invaders, maimakon tafiyar da jini fadace-fadace da kuma yawa. Nasara da Rum nasara wani sarki na Macedonia - Alexander Mai girma.

Bayan Aleksandra Makedonskogo daular da aka raba, birnin ya je a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Roma.

Kristanci a cikin Rum

Roman kuma Greek tarihi da al'adu sun ba da kawai kafofin al'adu na nan gaba na Konstantinoful. Siliki a gabashin yankuna na Roman Empire, wani sabon addini, kamar yadda wuta baza su duk larduna na zamanin d Roma. Kirista al'ummomi dauki cikin da darajõji mutane na daban-daban addini, tare da bangarori daban-daban na ilimi da kuma samun kudin shiga. Amma riga a apostolic sau, a karni na biyu AD, akwai da yawa Kirista makarantu da farko Monuments na Kirista wallafe-wallafe. Multilingual Kiristanci ne a hankali kunno kai na catacombs da kuma karfi furta da kanta duniya.

Kirista sarakuna

Bayan rabuwa, da babbar jama'a ilimi da gabashin ɓangare na Roman Empire suka fara matsayi da kansu a matsayin wani Kirista a jihar. Sarkin sarakuna Constantine ya dauki iko a cikin tsohon birnin, ambata sunayen da shi Konstantinoful, bayan kansa. tsananta wa Kirista da aka katse, haikali da wuraren ibada na Almasihu fara da za a girmama a kan daidai da masujadan. Constantine kansa ya yi masa baftisma a kan deathbed a 337. M sarakuna consistently inganta da kuma kare da bangaskiyar Kirista. A Justinian VI a. BC Kiristanci ya bar kawai da addinin jihar ta banning da tsoho ayyukan hajji a cikin ƙasa na Byzantine Empire.

Konstantinoful a ɗakin

Jihar goyon baya ga sabon addini yana da wani tasiri a kan rayuwar da siyasa tsarin da tsohon birnin. A ƙasar inda Konstantinoful, cike da yawa haikalin da kuma alamomin da bangaskiyar Kirista. A biranen daular akwai majami'u, sabis da aka gudanar, jawo wa da darajõji more kuma mafi adepts. Daya daga cikin na farko shahara Cathedrals fito a wannan lokaci, ya kasance da haikalin Sofia a Konstantinoful.

Church of St .. Sofia

Its kafa ya Konstantin Veliky. Wannan sunan ya kasance mai tartsatsi ne a Gabashin Turai. Sophia kira wani Kirista saint, wanda ya rayu a karni na II BC Wani lokacin ake magana a kai a matsayin Yesu Almasihu domin hikima da kuma malanta. Wadannan da misali na Konstantinoful, na farko Kirista majami'u tare da wannan sunan yada a fadin, a gabacin ƙasa da daular. Constantine, ɗan da magaji ga Byzantine kursiyin, da sarki Constantius sāke gina Haikalin, yin shi ko da mafi kyau da kuma mai fili. Daya bayan shekara ɗari, a lokacin da azzalumai zalunci na farko Kirista theologian da kuma Falsafa Ioanna Bogoslova, Konstantinoful haikalin da aka lalata da 'yan tawayen, da kuma Cathedral of St .. Sofia ƙone zuwa ga ƙasa.

A Tarurrukan na coci da aka sanya yiwu ne kawai a lokacin mulkin sarkin Justinian.

New Kirista m so don sake gina babban coci. A cewar shi, da Hagia Sophia a Konstantinoful dole ne a girmama, da kuma kwazo da mata coci da aka zamar masa dole ya fi kyau da kuma girma da na wani makaman da wannan irin a duniya. Domin gina wannan fitacciyar da Sarkin sarakuna gayyace sanannun gine-ginen da magina na lokaci - Amphimachus daga Thrall da Isidore na Militas. A biyayya gine-ginen yi aiki da ɗaya da ɗari mataimakansa, da kuma dubu 10. Mutane aka aiki kai tsaye a cikin ginin. Hadaya Isidore da Amphimachus shi ne mafi m kayan gini - dutse, marmara, da kuma daraja karafa. Yi dade shekaru biyar, da kuma sakamakon wuce duk tsammanin.

Bisa ga asusun na Sahaban, tara a wani wuri inda Konstantinoful haikali mulki a kan tsohon birnin, kamar jirgin a cikin tãguwar ruwa. A cikin mu'ujiza mai ban al'ajabi tattara zuwa ga Kiristoci daga ko'ina cikin daular.

A weakening na Konstantinoful

A VII karni a kasar Larabawa, wani sabon m Musulunci jihar - Arab Khalifanci. A karkashin ya matsa lamba Rum rasa da gabashin larduna, yayin da Turai yankin hankali nasara Phrygians, Slavs, Bulgarians. A yankin inda Konstantinoful, ya sha nanata aka kai hari da kuma kewaye da wani haraji. The Byzantine Empire aka rasa da matsayi a Gabashin Turai, da kuma sannu a hankali ya fadi a cikin lalata.

a 1204 Jihadin Krista sojojin a cikin Venetian jiragen ruwa da kuma Faransa dakaru dauki Konstantinoful a cikin watanni-dogon kewaye. Bayan wani dogon juriya birnin fadi da aka sallame ta invaders. A gobara sun hallaka mutane da yawa ayyukan art da kuma Monuments. A kan tabo inda ya tsaya da yawan da kuma arziki a Konstantinoful, shi ne matalauta kuma washe birnin Romeyskoy Empire. A 1261 da Rumawa sun iya kwato Konstantinoful daga Latins, amma ya koma birnin ta tsohon yawa ba zai yiwu ba.

Ottoman daular

By XV karni Ottoman Empire rayayye kumbura gẽfunanta zuwa Turai yankuna, yada Musulunci da takobi da kuma cin hanci da rashawa a haɗe zuwa dukiyarsa fiye da mafi ƙasar. A 1402, da Turkish Sultan Bayezid riga kokarin daukar Konstantinoful, amma aka ci su da Amir Timur. A kashi a hannun Anker raunana sojoji na daular, da kuma mika shiru lokacin da wanzuwar Konstantinoful ga wani rabin karni.

A 1452, Sultan Mehmed 2 bayan hankali shiri ci gaba da kama da babban birnin kasar na Byzantine Empire. Pre-ya dauki kula da kamawa da karami birane, kewaye da Konstantinoful da kawayenta suka fara da kewaye. A cikin dare na May 28, 1453 birnin da aka dauka. Da yawa Kirista majami'u da aka juya zuwa cikin masallatai, images of tsarkaka da kuma alamomin da Kristanci bace daga cikin ganuwar Cathedrals, da kuma a kan St. Sophia tashi jinjirin wata.

The Byzantine Empire daina wanzuwa, kuma Konstantinoful ya zama wani ɓangare na Ottoman Empire.

A zamanin mulkin Suleiman, mai girma ya Konstantinoful wani sabon "Golden Age". Lokacin da aka gina Suleymaniye Masallaci, wanda ya zama wata alama ce ga Musulmi, guda kamar yadda shi ya kasance daga St .. Sofia ga kowane Kirista. Bayan rasuwar Suleiman Ottoman Empire cikin ta zama ci gaba a yi ado da tsohon birnin na Masterpieces na gine-gine da kuma gine.

Metamorphosis birnin sunan

Bayan kamawa da birni da Turks ba a hukumance sake sunan da shi. Domin Girkawa, shi ya rike sunan. A akasin wannan, daga bakin Turkish kuma Arab mazauna fara sauti ƙara "Istanbul", "Stanbul", "Istanbul" - cewa ƙara zama da aka sani a matsayin Konstantinoful. Yanzu shi ake kira iri biyu daga cikin asalin wadannan sunayen. A farko jarrabawa ikirarin cewa sunan - wani mummunan burbushi Greek jumlar nufin "Na tafi zuwa cikin birni, je birnin." Wani ka'idar dogara ne a kan sunan Islambouli, wanda ke nufin "birni na Musulunci". Dukansu versions da hakkin ya wanzu. Duk abin da ya, sunan Konstantinoful har yanzu ana amfani, amma a rayuwar yau da kullum ta zo a cikin da kuma daidaita, kuma sunan Istanbul. A wannan nau'i na birnin, kuma ya zo da maps of kasashen da dama, ciki har da Rasha, amma ga Helenawa shi har yanzu aka mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga Sarkin sarakuna Constantine.

zamani Istanbul

Yankin inda ne Konstantinoful, yanzu mallakar Turkey. Duk da haka, da lakabi na babban birnin ya riga ya rasa: da shawarar da Baturke hukumomi da babban birnin kasar, a shekarar 1923 an koma Ankara. Ko da yake Konstantinoful, yanzu kira Istanbul, domin da yawa yawon bude ido da kuma baƙi zuwa tsoho Rum shi ne har yanzu babban birni da yawa Monuments na gine-gine da kuma art, arziki a kudancin m, kuma ko da yaushe tunawa.