Kiev sarauta

Kiev sarauta - daya kafa daga rushewar Kievan Rus kambi asashe. Bayan rasuwar Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo a tsakiyar XI karni sarauta raba mai farawa da 30th shekaru na XII karni da shi ya zama cikakken m.

Da karkararta rufe Drevlyane kakanninmu da ƙasashe fadamun Dnieper River da kuma ta aikin gandu (takaddamarsu, Pripyat, Irpen da Ros). Yana kuma ya hada da wani ɓangare na hagu banki na Dnieper a gaban Kiev. Duk wannan zamani ƙasar Kyiv da Zhytomyr yankuna na Ukraine da kuma kudancin cikin Gomel yankin na Belarus. A gabas, da sarauta kẽwayesu Pereyaslavl da Chernigov sarauta a yamma - da Vladimir-Volyn, a kudu shi abuts da Polovtsian steppe.

Saboda da m sauyin yanayi da kuma tati nan noma ci gaba cikin sauri. Har ila yau ƙasan aka tsunduma a cikin dabbõbin ni'ima kiwo, farauta, kama kifi da kuma beekeeping. Farkon isasshen a nan shi faru crafts sana'a. Na musamman muhimmancin samu "drevodelie", fata da kuma kumar kasko. Adibas yarda ka ci gaba da baƙin ƙarfe Forging craft.

An muhimmanci factor shi ne cewa a Kiev sarauta ne mai hanya "daga Vikings ga Helenawa" (daga Byzantine Empire ga Baltic Sea). Saboda haka, a Kiev farkon m Layer kafa kasuwa da sana'a.

Daga IX zuwa X karni, waɗannan ƙasashe sun babban juzu'in tsakiya na Old Rasha jihar. A zamanin mulkin Vladimir, sai suka zama cikin nucleus din a ya'yan sarakuna yankin, da kuma Kiev - da coci cibiyar dukkan Rasha. Ko da yake Prince of Kiev, ba ya da m owner of dukan ƙasar, amma aka zahiri shine shugaban da mulkin gargajiya matsayi, an dauke shi a "m" dangane da wasu sarakuna. Da shi shi ne cibiyar na zamanin d mulkoki, wanda aka mayar da hankali a kusa da sauran na gādo.

Duk da haka, wannan halin da ake ciki ya ba kawai tabbatacce gefen. Jimawa da Kiev Ƙasar ta zama wani abu na tsanani gwagwarmaya tsakanin daban-daban rassan da Rurik daular. The yaki ma hannu iko Kievan boyars da kuma saman cinikayya da kuma crafts mutane.

Har 1139 a Kiev kursiyin zauna Monomakhich: bayan Mstislava Velikogo zo ikon, da ɗan'uwansa Jaropolk (1132-1139), sa'an nan Vyacheslav (1139). Bayan haka, kursiyin shige wa karfi kama Chernigov Prince Vsevoloda Olgovicha. Olegoviches sarautar da aka sosai short-rayu. A 1146, ikon ya wuce zuwa Izyaslav Mstislavich (Monomakhich wakilin). A 1154 aka kama da Suzdal reshe Monomakhich (Yuri Dolgoruky ya kan Kiev kursiyin har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1157). Sake ikon sa'an nan ya wuce zuwa Olgovich, da kuma a 1159 ya koma Mstislavovitch.

Riga daga tsakiyar XII karni siyasa muhimmancin, wanda har sai da ta sarauta na Kiev, ya fara raguwa. A lokaci guda ya dauki rushewar cikin fiefdoms. By 1170 th shekara, an riga an kasaftawa Kotelnicheskoye, Belgorod, Trepolskoe, Vyshgorod, Torchesk, Kanev da Dorogobuzhskaya sarauta. Kiev ba wasa da muhimmancin da cibiyar na Rasha asashe. A lokaci guda Vladimir kuma Galicia-Volyn yin kowane kokarin iko da Kiev. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci da suka yi da shi, kuma a kan Kiev kursiyin ne su Ƙasa.

A 1240 da sarauta daga Kiev ne karkashin ikon Batu. A farkon watan Disamba, bayan kwanaki tara da matsananciyar juriya, ya kãma ku, a murƙushe Kiev. Sarauta aka fatattakakkun, warke bayan da kuma kasa. Tun lokacin da 1240s Kiev ne a cikin m aiki na Vladimir sarakuna (Aleksandra Nevskogo, sa'an nan Jaroslav laroslavich). A 1299 a Kiev ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa Vladimir Metropolitan sashen.

A farkon rabin 14th karni, da sarauta da aka raunana su da iyaka. Saboda haka, ya zama abu na wani Lithuanian ta'adi. A 1362 lokacin da Prince Algirdas waɗannan ƙasashe ya zama wani ɓangare na Grand Duchy na Lithuania.