Barbara Radziwill: biography, hoto, labari

A cikin tarihi na Turai zai iya ƙidaya ba fiye da dozin real tarihi mutane, wanda sunansa ne aka hade guda yawan Legends kamar da matar Sarki Sigismund II Augustus.

Barbara Radziwill, wanda biography da aka gabatar a kasa, ya zama babban harafin da yawa ballads, waqoqi da kuma plays. Daga baya, a cikin karni na 20th, tarihin soyayya ga ta Polish monarch akai-akai wahayi yan fim don ƙirƙirar wani romantic fim game da rabo daga cikin "Lithuanian Juliet."

farkon shekaru

Barbara aka haife shi a watan Disamba 1520, kuma 'yar iko Lithuanian tycoon Yury Radziwill. Ta iyali ya kasance haka m cewa zai iya gane mai fi so Bass sadaki daidai da abin da yawa Turai sarakuna bar wata wasiyya da Dauphin.

A iyaye ya kula da ilimi na yarinya. A musamman, an san cewa shi mallakar 6 harsuna, ciki har da Latin kuma Helenanci. Bugu da kari, Barbara sanar da zanen, lissafi, doki hawa, labarin kasa, suka taka da kida, tauhidin, kuma haka a. D. haka ne, a lokacin lokacin da aka dauke da yarinyar da aure, Barbara Radziwill kasance daya daga cikin mafi ilimi mata na ta lokacin, mallakan ilimi, ya gana da dukan bukatun da Turai Renaissance.

farko aure

A cikin bazara na 1537, yana da shekaru 17 da shekaru, Barbara Radziwill zama matar Count Stanislas Gashtold. Mijinta wani dan jihar kansila Mulkin Poland da kuma Lithuania, da kuma game da shi, ko da cewa shi da iko fiye da su monarch.

A cikin shekaru 5, yayin da auren dade, matasa matar yi imani da cewa mijinta ya zama m mata, ko da yake ta kuma bi da shi quite sanyi. Zama cewa kamar yadda shi may, da yara ba ta haihu, sai da jita-jita game da rashin haihuwa da kuma ta cewa ta kasance mai mayya, ya sa Ubangiji ba ya bayar da ita da zũriyarta. Haka kuma, a lokacin da 'yan shekaru sun iya suruki, sa'an nan ba zato ba tsammani ya mutu kuma mijin Countess Gashtold zama kotun tsegumi cewa ita poisoner.

A kotu na Sigismund Agusta

Bisa ga dokokin na lokaci, da gwauruwa ta gaske, ya yi ritaya daga duniya, kuma shi kadai don makoki mijinta. A wannan lokacin, mutane da yawa ya zama sha'awar wannan tambaya na inda kuma da wanda Barbara Radziwill rayu, bisne Stanislaus Gashtold. Kamar yadda ya juya waje, ta bar gidan, kuma matar tafi Vilna, inda ta zauna a kagara, da ɗan'uwansa - Nicholas Ginger.

Bayan shekaru 5 da jin dadin rayuwarsu Barbara Radziwill fara halarci yamma da kuma bukukuwa da kuma samu matsahi na saba da dan Polish King Sigismund Augustus. Grand Duke da zarar ya murkushe a kan wani kyau da kuma Barbara sanya ta bawa na girmamawa ga matarsa Elisabeth Habsburg. Sun kyau dogon tsayayya da da ewa ba ya zama ya farka, musamman kamar yadda ya bai quite makari da hali da kuma m ãyõyin hankali. Don samun lokaci zuwa hadu da more sau da yawa tare da Basey, Sarkin kewaye da kansa ba kawai wani ɗan'uwansa bazawara, amma ta dan uwan - Nikolai Radziwill da Black.

abin kunya

Ɓoye al'amari daga idanu na kotu ya ba sauki, don haka Barbara ya bar Vilna a mijinta castle, wanda ya samu shi da dama na maye. Duba fitar da kuka fi so ya ba sanyaya da ardor na Sigismund, kuma ya fara fita a kan kwanakin, jawabin da yawa hours a cikin sirdi, ko da kuwa yanayin da lokaci na shekara.

Lokacin da wani labari da Barbara da magaji a kan karaga, fara ce, ko da a cikin mafi m sassa na mulkinsa, mata sun kasance 'yan'uwan hadu tare da ita lover kuma tambayi ki hadu da ita, kamar yadda suka sa lalacewar ta suna da daraja na iyali.

Sigismund aka tilasta wa da kasa don kauce wa compromising Barbara, amma ya rasa ci da kuma zest ga rayuwa. Bugu da kari, kafin shi ya ji jita-jita, game da ita litattafan, wanda ya yi kokarin ba su yi imani da shi. Amma Barbara, tana jin tsoro na fushin da dukkan-iko da kuma m Sarauniya Bona Sforza - Sigismund uwa, wanda aka sani a matsayin mai poisoner da wani makirci.

A halin da ake ciki shi ne ko da mafi rikitarwa a lõkacin da ya zama sananne cewa matarsa ne har yanzu da rai a lokacin da Grand Duke na uwarsa fara aika Manzanni a cikin search na wani sabon matarsa ga waliyyinsa, kamar yadda a cikin wani aure tare da Alisabatu na Habsburg, ya ba ta haihuwa.

Barbara yi magana game da juyayinsu ga Sigismund yan'uwansa, da kuma sun yi gargadin mata cewa idan da za ta yi yaƙi, domin ya ƙaunataccen, jiran ta fitina.

A mutuwa na Grand Duchess

Dole ne in ce cewa aure na Sigismund Elizabeth Habsburg ya dynastic, amma zumunta na amarya a lokacin ɓõye daga gare shi cewa amarya - epileptichka. Shi ne har yanzu ba a kafa ko wannan daidaituwa ko wani shiri yunkurin, amma wata rana da matasa mace fadi kashe wani doki da ya mutu 'yan watanni baya. A yawa da aka ce cewa mutuwa na Elizabeth - shi ne sakamakon da dabarunsa na ta suruka.

Yanzu, kome ya hana Sigismund aure a karo na biyu da kuma ci gaba da Jagiellonian daular, tun yana ta karshe wakilin ne da ɗa namiji. A lokaci guda, ya san cewa mahaifiyarsa-a-dokar kamar yadda ba su gamsu da irin wannan mace, Barbara Radziwill, wanda ba su sãɓã ba tawali'u da kuma so su yi biyayya ga nufin wanda ya ya, fãce mutum ta ƙaunar.

bikin aure

Don tura Sigizmunda Yagellona dauki hukunci matakai, ta shãmakace a cikin hali na ta da 'yan'uwansa. Sun yi zargin tafi a kan farauta da kuma sanya tabbata cewa ya koya game da shi. Enamored Grand Duke gaggãwa da kwanan wata a Bass, sa'an nan ya shigo cikin gida mai dakuna biyu Radziwills tare da zare takuba. Sun bukaci cewa ya nan da nan ya aure ta, ya kawo wa firist ta dakin. Sigismund ya yi biyayya, amma ya bukaci da a ci gaba da aure a asirce.

Duk da haka dogon cikin biyu zai iya ba boye gaskiyar da bikin aure. Wannan hadari ya barke a lokacin da aure dan koya Bona Sforza. Ta rinjayi mijinta, sarki yin kowane kokarin warware aure na Sigismund. Wannan ya biyo ta abin da iyãye biyu ba su sa ran daga dansa, da ya ki mika wuya ga su so ba, kuma ya ce ya je ya zauna a tsufa, Barbara Radziwill.

A Accession a kan karaga

Shi ba a san yadda za a kara samun ci gaba da aukuwa, idan 1 Afrilu 1548 I. Sigmund rasu 'yan kwanaki daga baya wani sabon sarki ya zo a wani taro na Lithuanian Seimas kuma ya sanar da aure, m don gane Barbara Radziwill Lithuanian Grand Duchess. The wakilai, sun amince tare da yardarsa ba, domin ya nufi karfafa su da tasiri a cikin Commonwealth, Sigismund da matarsa bar for Poland domin sa kambi. Akwai, da sabuwar kafa monarch da ake bukata don cimma amincewa da matsayi na Barbara sake. Duk da haka, wannan ya tabbatar da wuya. Gaskiyar cewa mambobi ne na rage cin abinci na Commonwealth dauke da aure da sarki ba zai yiwu ba, kuma wulãkantãwa for Poland. A musamman, irin wannan hukunci tsayayya uku babbar tycoons. Daya daga cikinsu ma ya kira Sarauniya wani karuwa, haddasa cin mutumci ga mijinta.

Sa'an nan dukan 'yan Seimas durƙusa, ya roƙe Zygmunt (Sigmund) a watan Agusta ta yi watsi da aure. Rauni, kuma m Sarki bisa ga abke, nuna m ƙarfi kuma ki raba da masõyansa.

Suruka da 'yarta

Don tada alliance iya ba ko da Bona Sforza, wanda, kamar yadda ko da yaushe, yana sakar gidansa mãkirci da matarsa ta biyu ta ɗa. Duk da} o} arinta, abin kawai da shi ya samu - shi karshe ganimar dangantakar da Sigismund Augustus.

Wadanda suka gan hoto na Barbara Radziwill, zai yarda cewa shi ba ze karfi mace. Duk da haka, bayan koyo game da juriya da Polish gentry, ta nuna alfahari ƙi da hakkin a kan karaga. A tsawon lokaci, 'yan Seimas da fādawan da tsayayya da kasa, da kuma Barbara aka lashe.

mutuwa

Abin baƙin ciki, romantic labarin Barbary Radzivill - ba hikaya tare da wani farin ciki ga ãƙiba.

Bayan kawai 5 watanni bayan da sa kambi, a shekaru 30, ta mutu daga wani ba a sani ba cuta a cikin Wawel Castle. Tun lokacin da mace ya da karfi da kuma bambanta da lafiya mai kyau, duk kokarin fahimtar me ya sa Barbara Radziwill mutu. Mai mambobi ne na nobility sun na ra'ayin cewa shi guba Bona Sforza. Wannan version ne sosai plausible, musamman ba da cewa karshen zo daga mai daraja Italian iyali, da aka sani dangane da soyayya da membobinta zuwa poisons da kwayoyi.

Bugu da kari, matasa Sarauniya mutu wata azãba mai mutuwa. A farko alamun cutar ya bayyana a matsayin farkon a matsayin 2 watanni bayan bikin aure, amma sun dangana sami magunguna don rasa haihuwa. Sa'an nan da cutar ta fara ci gaba da kuma kawo karshen dogon azabar, wanda dade sa'o'i da dama, a lokacin da ta writhed a cikin karfi zafi. A kwanaki na ƙarshe na rayuwar duk sarauniya ta jiki da aka rufe m festering sores daga wanda emanated ƙi. Duk da haka, mijin bai bar gado Basenki ƙaunataccen, fatan ta waraka. Ya yi kira ga taimako daga duk likita manyan malaman na Turai, amma ba wanda ya iya ba kawai ajiye Barbara, kuma ko da sauƙaƙe ta rashin tausayi wahala.

interment

Kafin mutuwarsa, Barbara, ta tambaye mijinta ta jiki binne shi a Krakow Wawel Cathedral, kazalika da sauran Yaren mutanen Poland sarakuna da matansu. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi ya zama na karshe tsari na Church of St. Stanislaus Vilna.

Ruhu Barbary Radzivill

Sarkin iya ba manta da invaluable Basia da kuma sanya abokai da ta 'yan'uwansa, wanda ya rayu a cikin castle a Nesvizh. Legend of Barbara Radziwill ya ce da zarar ya kawo tare da shi a spiritist Pan Twardowski, wanda ya yi wa'adi da ya kira da ruhun marigayin matansu.

Masihirci haramta sarki a taba fatalwowi, idan sun same shi. Barbara ta ruhu ya bayyana a Sigismund a gaskiya, duk da haka, ya kasance farin ciki da miji, duk da dukan entreaties sihiri kokarin shiga cikin wahayi a hannunsa.

A cewar labari, saboda keta da haramta spiritist rai har abada Barbara zama fursuna na castle a Nesvizh. A wannan yanayin, Pan Twardowski faɗa wa sarki cewa idan ya mutu a wannan wuri, da rãyukansu gama har abada. Ya aka musamman farin ciki da kuma m cewa shi zai zama haka. Amma mutuwa ta riske shi ba zato ba tsammani a cikin wani castle, da kuma fatalwar na Barbara, da aka sani da Black lady, kuma mutane tsõron zuwa wannan rana. Ba a samu ba Allaha da rai Sigismund Augustus, wanda wanders da m castle na Krakow, suna begen zuwa tara tare da masõyansa.

sarki Fate

Abin sha'awa, uwar ya Sigismund gudanar da aure a bisa uku lokaci kuma zaɓi da amarya ta 'yar'uwarsa Elizabeth Habsburg - Katerina. The aure ya short-rayu kuma bai ba da zuriyarsa, ko da yake wani matarka ko da kokarin canzawa ciki. Saboda zamba Sarki ya fara saki aikace-aikace, aika matarsa gida.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, rai na Sigismund Agusta II kewaye kansa da mages da warlocks, kuma ya mutu a cikin dakin, wanda aka labulen da baki zane, kamar yadda a shi ya ci gaba da baƙin ciki a gare ƙaunataccen, tare da wanda ya so da za a sake saduwa bayan mutuwa.

"Epitaph for Barbara Radziwill"

Kamar yadda riga ya bayyana, a cikin karni na 20th sun sha kokarin fim da romantic labarin soyayya na Sigismund da kyau na Basho. Daya daga cikin shahararrun ya hoton, a cikin abin da Barbara Radziwill (photo daga cikin fim, ganin a sama.) Ya bayyana a gaban masu sauraro, a cikin nau'i na daya daga cikin mafi kyau actresses na Yaren mutanen Poland 80s - Anny Dymny. A fim da aka saki a 1982, kuma shi ne wani ɗan gajeren fim version na rare TV jerin "Queen Bona". A zanen da aka kira "Epitaph for Barbara Radziwill" kuma ya samu gagarumar nasara.

Mutane da yawa mazan mutane imani da cewa image halitta a kan allo Smoky Anna - shi ne ba da mafi kyaun Barbara Radziwill. A fim, harbe a Poland a 1936, a ra'ayi, ya fi cin nasara, a matsayin babban rawa a da shi ya tafi zuwa kyakkyawa Jadwiga Smosarska da Sigismund Augustus II taka leda Witold Zacharewicz. A karshe ya mutu a Auschwitz, wanda ya ga taimaka wa Yahudawa a lokacin Holocaust.

A image a art

Barbara Radziwill, hotuna daga movie game da abin da ka riga gani fiye da 5 ƙarni, murna da tunanin artists, kasida da marubuta. Ta aka kishin ayyukan Polish playwrights Venzhika F. kuma A. Felinskogo, wasan kwaikwayo J. Grinyusa da Lithuanian litattafan marubuci kuma marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, Yuri Grushasa.

Bugu da kari, a gidan kayan gargajiya na kasashe daban-daban suna yi wa ado da zane-zane da Voytseha Gersona kuma Yana Mateyko, da dai sauransu, kazalika da busts na Barbara Radziwill ba a sani ba marubuta, wanda za a iya gani a fadar Ursynów a Warsaw da Olessky Castle.

Yanzu da ka san inda take zaune, Barbara Radziwill, da kuma yadda ta hadu da ta sarauta lover, kuma ka san cikakken bayani game da su romance, wanda har yanzu haifar da damuwa a m sũnãyensu.