Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Yuri Dolgoruky - Biography

A cikin tarihi na Kievan Rus ba yawa shugabanni da suka bar wani gagarumin mark. Kowace daga cikin ma'aikatansa suka bar wurin milestone a cikin Chronology na events, wanda yanzu ana karatu da masana kimiyya. Wasu daga cikin su rarrabe kamfen da makwabtan jihohin, wani annexed sabuwar ƙasar, wani sanya wani tarihi muhimmanci ƙawance da abokan gaba. Yuri Dolgoruky, lalle ne ba na karshe wuri, daga gare su. Wannan m ne ban sha'awa, idan kawai da cewa da yawa masana tarihi dauke da kafa Moscow. A laƙabi "Dolgoruky" Prince samu akai yunkurin mamaye na Kiev da kuma sauran birane na Kievan Rus.

Farkon sarautar

Kafin mu yi la'akari da shekaru da ya kamata gwamnati ta dubi biography. Kwanan wata na haihuwa shi ne har yanzu a husũma batun. An sani cewa akwai wata gaba Duke a 1090 ta kuma kasance cikin matasa, dan Vladimir Monomakh. Yury Dolgoruky ne m na Rurik iyali. Ko da yake ya aka haife shi a Kiev, da yara wuce a Rostov. ya farko ya zama sarkin Rostov-Suzdal sarauta tun 1113 tare da ɗan'uwansa Mstislav. Duk da haka, tun 1125, zama cikin tafin kafa ƙasa na Yuri biyayya.

Duk da overbearing da wuya hali, Politika Yuriya Dolgorukogo karkashin mulkin kawo da yawa amfanin Kievan Rus, ko m da tsare-tsaren (kagaggun) ya kawo mutuwa da halaka. Yana da aka shekaru da dama bayan zamanin mulkin a kan kursiyin, da ya jagoranci wani yaƙi gāba da Volga Bulgars. Irin wannan tsari ya zo daga Vladimir Monomakh, bayan kama wadannan mutane Suzdal. Bayan yakin neman zabe, a 1125, Prince Yuri Dolgoruky canjawa wuri da babban birnin kasar na sarauta a Suzdal, ta haka ne rage siyasa muhimmancin Rostov.

A kan gadon sarautar da Rostov-Suzdal sarauta da farko ci na Kiev

Tsakanin 1120 da 1147 ba musamman m, amma daya daga gaskiya - a cikin wannan lokaci ne Moscow tushe. Domestic Politika Yuriya Dolgorukogo an rage wa gina majami'u. Kuma, ba shakka, sa baki a cikin internecine feuds daga cikin sarakunan Kievan Rus. Ko da yake bukatar biya haraji a gare shi - da yawa daga cikin data kasance birni, la'akari da matsayin tarihi, Yuri Dolgoruky, ya zama cibiyar ciniki da sana'o'i. Wannan dabarar iya ba da taimako ga ci gaban.

Internecine jayayya tashi, kamar yadda mai mulkin, saboda da Kiev kursiyin kuma fifiko gādonsa. The so su zauna a kan gadon sarautar, a cikin babban birnin na Rasha ya ba dan hanya zuwa ga Rostov-Suzdal m. The Grand Duke, ba kawai kokarin matsawa da sabon appointees, amma kuma a da kaina dauki wannan wuri. A karshen, kursiyin Kiev a 1149 dauki Yuri Dolgoruky. A takaice, da yawan shekaru na maye da aka karya, da kuma da yawa sun outraged. Wannan rashin biyan bukata dauki Izyaslav biya diyya da kuma sanya wani ƙawance da Hungarians da Dogayen sanda.

A unpopularity na sabon sarki, da kuma wani ƙawance da aka ba ba Dolgoruky rike a ga hukumar na dogon lokaci. 1151 aka ga Yuri Vladimirovich kwanan wata na hasara da kursiyinsa a Kiev da makõma zuwa ga sarauta.

Moscow tushe

Wannan Prince Yury Dolgoruky ne dauke da kafa Moscow, ko a wannan batun ya zuwa yanzu akwai rigingimu tsakanin masana tarihi. Iyakar tsayarwa aka located a kan lamba nufi da dama mulkokin - Novgorod, Ryazansky, Suzdalsky, kuma Siversky Smolenskii. Town located a kan Moscow River, mallakar, kamar sauran kauyuka a kan bankuna, Boyar tari. A dalilan da wanda mai shi daga ƙasar ne ba a sani ba, amma bayan da cewa, birnin da kuma sauran garuruwa dauki shi Yury Dolgoruky da aka kashe. Moscow suka fara samar - a ya'yan sarakuna ba qasaita, katako, Kremlin, majami'u da kuma sauran gine-gine da aka gina. Har ila yau, shi da aka yada Kiristanci alummai yawan jama'a.

Da farko cikin shiri da aka kira da kuki daga baya sake masa suna zuwa Moscow. Amma babban birni, wanda yana da darajar da siyasa tasiri a kan rayuwar masu Rostov-Suzdal sarauta na Kievan Rus sai ta zama ba fãce bãyan da canji na uku da al'ummomi daga cikin zuriyar George da farko.

A tushe na Rasha birane - Pereslavl-Zaleski

Board Yuriya Dolgorukogo ya daban-daban ba kawai ƙoƙarin kama da kursiyin Kiev, amma kuma da halittar kuma da cin gaban sabuwar Rasha birane. Saboda haka, ban da Moscow, shi da aka kafa birane kamar Pereslavl-Zaleski da Yuriev-Polish.

A erection ya ba saboda da m da tsare-tsaren na yarima. M harin Volga Bulgars kai ga bukatar karfafa da kan iyakoki na sarauta. Pereslavl-Zaleski aka koma cikin low - a bakin kogin Trubezh. Tare da kewaye da kudanci da kuma yammacin bangarorin birnin da aka haƙa rami, wanda aka haɗa ta halitta shinge na yanki, zuwa ga birnin. A sansanin soja ne domin kāriyar Pereyaslavl aka dauke daya daga cikin manyan, gina ta Yuri.

Yuriev-Polsky - wani sansanin soja a kan iyakar da sarauta

Tare da wannan manufa da aka kafa da kuma birnin St. George-Polish. zagaye sansanin soja da aka gina don kare birnin. Ta aka kewaye da wani 7-mimetrovymi kusurwoyi cewa sun tsira zuwa yau. A bango na sansanin soja da uku hutu - ƙofa zuwa Vladimir, Moscow da kuma Pereslavl-Zaleski. Yana gina birnin a kusa da bakin kogi a kan bankunan na Gzy Koloksha.

Gorodets a kan Volga River

A birnin da aka kafa Yuriem Dolgorukim a 1152 a tsakiyar kai na da Volga. A zamanin d rubuce-rubucen da shi kuma ake kira Radilov. A birnin akwai wani soja sansanin, sana'a da kuma manoma. Mazauna ba kawai tabbatar da kasancewar birnin, amma suka aiki a ciniki da Kiev, Asia, Bulgars, Baltic jihohi. Gorodets asali manufarsa shine deter da Volga Bulgars ta gabatarwa a Rasha asashe.

A tushe na Dmitrov

A birnin da aka kafa a 1154, kuma suna bayan dan Yuriya Dolgorukogo, wanda aka haifa a wannan shekara. Dmitrov gina a cikin marshy Shefela da kogin Yakhroma. Domin kariya da aka daukaka zuwa Kremlin, gina a gindin dutsen. A daya hannun kare da sansanin soja impenetrable swamps, a kan wasu - wani wucin gadi moat, a wasu wuraren da ya kai wani nisa na mita 30. A ganuwar da aka garu da hasumiyai masu tsawo. Yana da aka wani wuri mai nĩsa, kewaye da swamps da gandun daji, a kan karkata Suzdal.

Biyu sarautar a Kiev

Duk da cewa Yuri Holdings sun m isa, sarkin bai bari yunkurin samun kursiyin Kiev. Lashe Ryazan a 1154, shugaban ya tafi kari ga m ƙasashe na Kievan Rus. A hanya, ya sanya a tsagaita wuta tare da Rostislav na Smolensk, kuma a 1155 sake sarauta a babban birnin kasar na Kievan Rus, shan shi tare da Mataimakinsa Svyatoslavom Olgovichem. Wanda ya yi mulki Kiev Izyaslav sallamãwa cikin birnin ba tare da wani yaki da ya gudu zuwa Chernigov. Domin a karfafa ikonta, Yuri aika da 'ya'yansa maza domin ya yi mulkin a cikin birni, sun kasance a ƙarƙashin ikonsa. Duk da haka, da mulkin da aka short-rayu - a 1157 Yuri Dolgoruky mutu. Akwai ka'idar cewa ya aka guba da boyars, wanda bai son sabon m. Bayan mutuwarsa, wani tawaye ya barke, yayin da sarkin ta kotu aka washe.

Rayuwar iyali Yuriya Dolgorukogo

A wasu daga cikin tarihi da kuma m kafofin ambaci hadaddun yanayin da yarima. A lokaci guda sun nuna cewa, George ya fi so dan mahaifinsa, Vladimir Monomakh, a kusa tsunduma shi. Duk da haka, lokacin da ya zo a lokacin da Dolgoruky ya yi biyayya ga nufin sarkin Kiev. A 1108 Yuri Dolgoruky samu matarsa. Hakika, da aure ya faru ga dalilai na siyasa mahaifinsa, duk da haka, kamar yadda duk aure shiga ta sa'an nan shugabanni na jihohi.

A farko da matar na nan gaba na Rostov-Suzdal sarkin ya 'yar Polovtsian Hana Alena Osipovna. Wife zo a yarima shawa, ya zaunar da saukar da ɗan. Ba da da ewa matasa biyu da aka aika zuwa arewa maso gabashin a Rostov sarauta. Daga wannan aure da aka haife Rostislav (mulki Novgorod), Andrew Bogolyubskii, Ivan, kuma Boris Gleb. Daga matarsa ta farko, mata uku da aka haife: Elena, Maria da kuma Olga.

Kuma ina da wani biyu matarsa Yuri Dolgoruky. Biography of ta yana da matukar kadan bayanai, babu inda aka ambaci har ma da shekara da ya aure ta. Amma daga ta Yury Dolgoruky da 'ya'ya maza shida - cornflowers, Mstislav, Yaroslav, Sviatoslav, kuma Vsevolod Mikhail.

Residence Yuri Dolgoruky

Tun da Rostov Grand Duke da aka ba ji ma m saboda siyasa halin da ake ciki a jihar, ya koma Suzdal. Amma gidansa ya ba a Suzdal, kuma a cikin kauye da ake kira Kideksha. Wannan ya yi kama da ga dalilai - Yuri Dolgoruky Suzdal boyars tsoron. Garu yarjejeniya da sauri girma inda Kamenka gudana a cikin Nerl. A daya hannun Kideksha kare babban bankunan na kogin, a kan wasu da sansanin soja da aka kewaye da wani babban nadi da wani oak palisade a kan shi.

Tun Yuri Dolgoruky yana da karfi da ibada, a kauyen da aka gina da kuma coci. Duk da haka, bayan mutuwar Prince Kideksha shi rasa ta muhimmanci. Ya dan koma cikin babban birnin kasar zuwa Vladimir, da kuma zama a Bogolyubovo. A 1238, bayan da mamayewa na Tatar-Mongol hordes, ƙauyen da aka sace, kuma ya zo a cikin disrepair.

Monument da kafa Moscow

The muhawara game da birnin faruwa tsakanin masana tarihi ba a daina har yanzu. Kuma duk da haka mutane da kansu imani cewa kafa shi, Yuri Dolgoruky. Moscow aiki a matsayin wani wurin taron da sarkin da ɗan'uwansa, bisa ga tsoho tarihin. Karkashin Stalin, an yanke shawarar kafa wani abin tunawa Yuriyu Dolgorukomu. An located a kan Tverskaya Square a Moscow. A shekarar 1946, a gasar da aka sanar, ya lashe da Orlov, wanda ya taba tsunduma a monumental sassaka.

Amma kamar yadda ya juya waje, a sculptor sha'awar Stalin kansa. A fili, ya na son wannan sculptor kishin kasa - a lokacin da Soviet majagaba suna da muhimmanci, wakilai daga Amurka. Sai ya juya daga cikin kayayyakin halitta da Orlov, tsara zuwa gidan majagaba da aka gabatar da wakilan Amurka. Orlov rubuta wani kuka, bayan da aka gurfanar da shi hadu tare da shugaban tarayyar Soviet. Bayan haka, a sculptor da jagoranci aiki a kan halittar abin tunawa. A tunawa aikin a kan aiwatar da samar da gyara - idan bisa ga jawabin na Stalin. Ko ta wani hanya, amma abin tunawa da aka gina a shekarar 1954. Amma idan Stalin ya sosai yarda cewa Nikita Khrushchev ko ta yaya ƙi abin tunawa. Musamman ya fusata shi naturalness doki - a kan umarnin al'aurar da aka cire.

Monuments Yuriyu Dolgorukomu a wasu birane

Kostroma mazauna ma yi imani da cewa yarima da kuma kafa su birnin kuma ya taimaka ta bunkasa da ci gaba. A Kabarin da aka gina a kan square zuwa Rãnar ¡iyãma bikin na 850th ranar tunawa da birnin. A aikin da ya ɓullo da Vladimir Tserkovnikov. A tunawa Tã 4 tan, kuma yana da tsawo na 4.5 mita.

A Pereslavl kafa Dolgoruky fasa. Yana an halitta a matsayin wani abin tunawa daga Moscow, aiki Orlov. An located in Goritsky sufi, inda yake hawa daga Moscow a shekarar 1963.

A tunawa Yuriyu Dolgorukomu a Dmitrov halitta Tserkovnikov. An located a kan tarihi square, wanda aka kewaye da ragowar na zamanin d Kremlin gaba da Cathedral na ɗauka. A yau shi ne gidan kayan gargajiya-ajiye. A cewar labari, da abin tunawa da aka shigar a cikin wuri inda ya annabta haihuwar ɗa.

Haikalin ginin Yuriem Dolgorukim

All chroniclers lura da mai girma ibada na yarima. Saboda haka, ban da gidãjen, da birane, za ka iya samun dama haikalin ginin a kan umarni na Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Daga waɗanda, game da abin da nassoshi sun tsira, su ne wadannan: Transfiguration Cathedral (Pereslavl), Boris da Gleb Church (Kideksha), St. George Cathedral (Vladimir), Church na mai ceto ba (Suzdal), Cathedral of Nativity (Suzdal) .

maimakon a ƙarshe

A ainihi daga cikin yarima ne sosai sabanin. Zari, da zaluntar, authoritativeness - dabiu cewa yana da wani cikakken Yuri Dolgoruky. Biography bayyana ba kawai wadannan siffofin. Shi ne kuma mai nisa-gani siyasa wanda gane muhimmancin lafiya-garu iyakokin ba kawai tare da makwabtan jihohin, amma kuma tsakanin mulkoki na Kievan Rus '. Very m da taƙawa ya Yuri Dolgoruky. Biography rubuta da marubuta daban-daban, ya tabbatar da wannan - da dama yunkurin kama sarkin kursiyin a Kiev, ci birnin na Bulgaria, da tushe, kuma da tabbatarwa daga garuruwa, da gina haikalin.

A duk da kome, yarima har yanzu bar wani gagarumin alama a cikin tarihi na Kievan Rus - da yawa garuruwa da majami'u har yanzu wanzu. Kuma da gaskiya cewa babban birnin kasar da kuma boyars ba su son sarautar Prince - shi ne m. Sa'an nan shugabanni sun sosai dogara a kan boyars, wanda, bi da bi, aka gamsarwa ga wa? Anda suka yi ya tabbatar da dalilin da imperiousness. Amma a ƙasarsa ta Rostov-Suzdal sarauta bayan rasuwar tuna da godiya. Bayan duk, kariya daga Polovtsian da Bulgars shirya daidai Yuri Dolgoruky.