Grand Duchy na Lithuania

Grand Duchy na Lithuania fara dauki siffar a cikin wani lokaci na da muhimmanci canje-canje a cikin kasa da kasa halin da ake ciki.

A lokacin da samuwar jihar da aka gudanar mamaye na sararin ƙasa na Rasha da Mongol-Tatars. Wannan hujja ne m, a matsayin Grand Duchy na Lithuania haka ne aka kare daga mamayewa na gabas na gaba karni.

Tun da na biyu da rabi na 12th karni, Lithuania da aka kasu kashi biyu kabilun. Tsohon hada da wani babba Lithuania (aukshtayte), na biyu - da ƙananan ko "Zhmud" (Zemaite).

Ya kamata a lura cewa da Lithuania kasance, a wata ƙananan matakin a cikin siyasar ci gaban fiye da Gabas Slavic mutane. A hankali, da Lithuanian sarakuna a wasu Rasha birane an amince a kan allunan. Bayan Mindaugas (da Lithuanian yarima) halaka abokan gabansa, akwai wani "karkashin shugabancin tsakiya". A wannan lokacin shi fara da nunawa da zuciyar sabon jihar. Grand Duchy na Lithuania da kuma Rasha ya ci gaba da halittu farfadowa da masu karba Duke Mindaugas, musamman a zamanin mulkin Gediminas. Tare da mulkinsa a jihar shiga ƙasar Lithuania saman da kuma a haɗe a cikinta ƙasa Black Rus (Poneman). Grand Duchy na Lithuania su shiga gare shi, kuma wasu daga Turov-Pinsk da Polotsk ƙasar.

A babban birnin jihar a wani lokaci ya kan Rasha ƙasa a Novgorodok Lithuanian. Sa'an nan, da shi da aka mayar da su Vilna.

Magance ta samar da wani sabon jihar, wanda ya fara da farko Grand shugabannai na Lithuania (Gediminas da Mindaugas), bayan da suka ci gaba Algirdas da Kęstutis. ayyuka da aka raba tsakanin su. Saboda haka, kasar ta kare a kan Knights sa a kan kafadu na Keistut, Algirdas ke tsunduma a cikin kama da Rasha yankuna. A sakamakon haka, da Grand Duchy na Lithuania su shiga gare shi Kiev, Polotsk, Volyn, Chernihiv-Seversky yankin, kazalika da skirts. Tsohon Rasha ƙasar haka yana da wani m matsayi.

A karshen 14th karni a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland jihar yanke takaice daular shugabanni. Ya hau zuwa Yaren mutanen Poland kursiyin Louis 'yar Jadwiga. Bayan da sa kambi, aure aka ƙulla tsakanin Jadwiga da Jagiello (magaji na Algirdas).

Bayan bikin aure, Jagiello da Jadwiga Krevo jam'iyya da aka sanya hannu a 1385 (Union of Lithuania da kuma Poland). Bugu da kari, akwai wani arna baftismar Lithuania a cikin Katolika bangaskiya. Wannan ya haddasa wani weakening na Orthodox bangaskiya, da kuma kawar da arna addini.

Period 14-15 ƙarni alama da kuma m adawa kafa da 'ya'ya maza Olgerda Keistut Generic da kuma rassan. A sakamakon haka, Grand Duchy na Lithuania da aka raba duniyoyin da tasiri. Mulki a Lithuania Vytautas kauyuka (dan Keistut).

A cewar masana tarihi, wannan lokaci ya heyday ga jihar.

Bayan rasuwar Vytautas zamanin dakushe tarihin Lithuania.

A 1413 yana kurkuku da ƙungiyar na horodło. Tare da ta sa hannu tsari farawa polonization sarauta Katolika da kuma watsa. Bugu da kari, da ƙarshe Gorodelskoy jam'iyya fara haifar da preconditions ga wani hari a kan Rasha ƙasa na Poland Grand Duchy.

A yanayin da aka halicce su a cikin ƙasar, da gudummawar da fashewa yaki. A tarihi kafofin shi ne ake kira "tawaye Svidrigaylo" (dan Algirdas). Lithuania da aka raba biyu sassa. Sigismund (Keistut ɗan) ya zauna a Lithuania. A cikin Rasha ƙasashe, ya ci sarauta Svidrigaylo. Da tawayen da yayi da aka mur.

Bayan rasuwar Sigismund hau gadon sarautar Casimir. A lokacin da ya mulkin, da Lithuanian ƙasashe hada recovers akai Uniate siyasa. Duk da haka, da suka zama sosai maras tabbas.

Casimir ci gaba da aikin da ya mayẽwa - Sigismund da Alexander. Bayan su, hukumar tsince Sigismund Augustus. A gudana yaki tsakanin Rasha jihar da kuma Lithuania a 1569 yana kurkuku a Poland, kungiyar Lublin. Yana da muhimmanci sosai a tarihi ci gaba da tsakiya da gabashin Turai. Bayan cikar kungiyar bayyana Rzeczpospolita - sabon ikon, wanda ya hada da Grand Duchy ya gudanar ya kula da wani 'yancin kai.