Teutonic Order da kuma Rasha: 'yan adawa

Tarihi, kamar yadda muka sani, an maimaita. A cikin shekaru karni, da ma'auni na ikon a kan geopolitical map ya canza sau da dama, ya bayyana kuma ya bace a jihar, da nufin sojojin shugabanni garzaya zuwa hadari kagara, a ƙasashe masu nisa mutuwa, da yawa dubban unknown sojoji. The adawa na Rasha da kuma na Teutonic Order misali ne na} o} arin fa] a] da ake kira "Yammacin dabi'u" a kan Gabas Turai, ya ci tura. Tambaya taso, yadda mai girma sun chances na knightly sojoji zuwa nasara.

A halin da ake ciki na farko

A karshen goma sha biyu karni arewa maso yammacin Rus aka located a matsayin wanda za a iya halin da aka sani da magana "tsakanin guduma da maƙera." Batu yi a kudu maso yammacin, malalowar da pillaging disparate Slavic sarauta. gabatarwa da Teutonic Knights fara da wani ɓangare na Baltic. A dabarun burin na Kirista Runduna, shugaban Kirista da ya ayyana, kunshi a kawo Katolika da sani na 'yan asalin yawan jama'a, don gudanar da aiki yayin da kafirci. Finno-Ugric da Baltic Jĩkõki, sun kasance mai rauni adawa a soja ji, da mamayewa na farko mataki na bunkasa quite nasara. A lokacin daga 1184 har zuwa karshen arni na farko, mai yawan nasarori a yarda a ci gaba da nasara, ya tsayar da Riga castle kuma ƙarfafa bridgehead domin kara ta'adi. A gaskiya da Turai jihadi Roma sanar a 1198, ya yi a kan wani shirin zama irin fansa ga shan kashi a qasa mai tsarki. Hanyar da gaskiya a raga kasance da nisa sosai daga koyarwar Almasihu - suna da wani pronounced siyasa da tattalin arziki da muradi. A wasu kalmomin, 'Yan Salibiyya zo zuwa ƙasar Estonians da Livonians zuwa washe kuma kama. A gabas na Teutonic Order da kuma Rasha a farkon karni XIII zaimeli kowa iyaka.

Soja rikice-rikice farko

Relationship Teutons da Rus sun hadaddun, da hali da aka kafa a kan tushen da kunno kai soja-siyasa. Ciniki damuwa kai ga wucin gadi ƙawance da kuma hadin gwiwa ayyukan da arna kabilu, a lokacin da halin da ake ciki shibtarsu wasu yanayi. Janar bangaskiyar Kirista, duk da haka, bai hana Knights hankali bi manufar itace mai Katolika bangaskiya na Slavic yawan jama'a, wanda ya sa wasu damuwa. 1212 aka alama ta wani soja yakin neman hade da goma sha biyar dubbai Novgorod da polochanskogo sojojin a kan yawan kwa'di. Wannan ya biyo ta wani taƙaitaccen fahimtar juna. Teutonic Order da kuma Rasha shiga wani lokaci na rikici, wanda suka ga ya wuce shekaru da dama.

Western takunkumi XIII karni

"Chronicle of Livonia" Henrik ƙunshi bayani game da kewaye na castle Novgorod Wenden a 1217. Makiyan da Jamus da kuma Danes sun zama wanda ya so ya ansu rubuce-rubucen su yanki na kek na Baltic. Sun kafa wata outpost, sansanin soja "Taan Lynn" (yanzu Revel). Wannan halitta ƙarin matsaloli, ciki har da wadanda suka shafi da kuma wadata. A dangane da wadannan kuma da yawa wasu yanayi, ya yi ta maimaita sake duba ta soja manufofin da Teutonic Order. Halayen da Rasha samo asali nagartaccen hare-hare a kan outposts ci gaba, bukata tsanani matakan counter.

Duk da haka, da kayan doki ne ba gaba ɗaya daidai da burinsu. Paparoma Gregory IX za su gudanar da cikakken sikelin soja ayyuka kawai ba su da isasshen tattalin arziki da albarkatun da kuma, ban da akida da matakan da ya iya yi adawa da Rasha karfi kawai tattalin arziki kawancen na Novgorod, wanda aka yi a 1228. Yau, wadannan ayyuka za a kira takunkumi. Ba su kasance nasara, da Gotland yan kasuwa ba ya yi hadaya da riba, domin kare kanka da papal m bukatun da ga mafi part watsi da kira ga kawancen.

The labari na rundunar ' "Teutonic Knights"

Fiye ko žasa da nasara kamfen a cikin mallaki Knights ci gaba a zamanin mulkin Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, a karkashin Yuriev nasara ya zo da birnin zuwa jerin aikin gandu na Novgorod (1234). A gaskiya, sabõda ga taro sani siffar hordes sanye da makamai na Jihadin Krista, Rasha storming na birnin, halitta da 'yan fim (musamman irin Sergeem Eyzenshteynom), a fili, shi ne ba daidai da tarihi gaskiya. Knights kasance mafi positional gwagwarmaya, kokarin kiyaye su gina gidãje kuma birãnensu, lokaci-lokaci tsoro da hare-hare kan yadda jarumi, kamar yadda yawon buxe ido. Teutonic Order da kuma Rasha a cikin thirties na XIII karni da daban-daban hanya kwasfanta, da kuma da dangantaka samo asali fiye kuma mafi ba a cikin ni'imar da Jamusanci invaders.

Alexander Nevsky

The title Prince of Novgorod cancanci nasara a kan Swedes, suka shiga kasa a 1240 a kan Rasha gona, a bakin Neva. Nufi "saukowa" ne bayan shakka, da kuma matasa, amma riga wani gogaggen soja shugaban (mahaifin ta makaranta) ya jagoranci kananan karfi a cikin m. A nasara ya da wani sakamako ga ƙarfin hali, kuma shi ya ba da karshe. Wani jihadi don Rasha na Teutonic Order, Kanmu da Knights a 1242, ya ƙare ne a faduwa domin tsõkana. yaqi, wanda ya baya aka kira da "Yaqin a kan Ice" da aka brilliantly yi cikinsa, kuma nasarar aiwatar. Prince Alexander Nevsky dauki la'akari da peculiarities na ƙasa, ta amfani da unconventional dabara, ka ɗauke da taimako na taro, samu daga ta tsanani soja taimako, in general, to tambaya duk samuwa albarkatun, da kuma lashe, shi ya ɗaukaka sunan ta wurin zamanai. A kasa na Peipsi bar babba maƙiyi dakarun, da kuma sauran warriors kashe ko kama. 1262 da aka alama a cikin littattafan tarihi a matsayin ranar da Novgorod ƙawance da Lithuanian prince Mindaugas, da abin da kewaye da aka kwashe Wenden, ba gaba ɗaya nasara, amma ba m: hada sojojin na makiya sun sa muhimmanci lalacewa. Bayan wannan taron, da Teutonic Order da Rasha kusan daina juna soja aiki na tsawon shekaru shida. Shin m for Novgorod a kan rabo na duniyoyin na da tasiri na kwangila.

Gamawa da rikici

All wars zo ga ƙarshe. Kuma ƙare dogon adawa, wadda ta zo tare Livonian Teutonic Order da kuma Rasha. Brief ambaci iya sanya na karshe episode na gagarumin dogon lokacin da rikici - Battle of Wesenberg, yanzu kusan manta. Ta gudanar a watan Fabrairu 1268 da kuma nuna rashin ƙarfi na hada Danish-German sojoji, wanda ya nema ya baya da sauran dabarun halin da ake ciki a cikin ni'ima. A mataki na farko da Knights gudanar hambarar da matsayi na warriors jagorancin dan Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry. Wannan ya biyo ta wani counterattack na biyar dubu, kuma da makiya suka gudu. Bisa ga ƙa'ida, da yaƙi ya ƙare a cikin wani Draw: sojojin Rasha ya gaza kai da sansanin soja kewaye da su (watakila, irin wannan matsala, kuma ba a yi nufi ga tsõro da manyan hasarori), amma wannan kuma sauran kasa m yunkurin kai himma Teutons kasa. Yau da suka kama ne kawai kiyaye gidãje.