Kazamin Mary Sarauniyar Ingila: biography, a zamanin mulkin

Maria na Tudor (shekaru ta rayuwa - 1516-1558) - Sarauniyar Ingila, kuma aka sani da Kazamin Maryamu. Ta ba ta sa a mahaifarsa abin tunawa ga kõwa (shi ne kawai a Spain, inda mijinta aka haife). Yau sunan Sarauniya da farko hade da tashin hankali. Lalle ne, akwai mutane da yawa a cikin shekaru a lokacin da a kan kursiyin kuma akwai wani jini da Maryamu. Bisa ga tarihi na ta sarautar aka rubuta da yawa daga littattafai, da kuma amfani a ta hali ba Fade, kuma ga wannan rana. Duk da cewa a Ingila da ranar ta mutuwa (a lokaci guda Elizabeth na hau gadon sarautar) bikin a matsayin kasa, da hutu, da mace ba haka ba ne m kamar yadda da dama na wakilta. Bayan karanta labarin, za ku gan shi.

Maria ta iyaye, ta yarantaka

Maria ta iyaye - English Tudor Sarki Henry Sabunta da Ekaterina Aragonskaya, ƙarami Spanish gimbiya. Tudor a lokacin da aka har yanzu sosai matasa, da kuma Henry ne kawai na biyu sarkin Ingila game da shi.

A 1516, Koroleva Ekaterina haifi 'ya mace, Mary, ta kawai mai yiwuwa yaro (ta ya kasance a baya da dama m bayarwa). da yarinya uba masanan basu ji dadin, amma fatan da fitowan na gaba magada. Mary da ya ƙaunace, da ake kira da jauhari a kambi. Ya sha'awar m da kuma tsanani yanayi na 'yarsa. A yarinya aka kuka sosai da wuya. Ta himmantu karatu. Malamai sanar da ta Latin, English, music, Girkanci, da wasa da harpsichord kuma dance. Future Koroleva Mariya farko Blood sha'awar Kirista wallafe-wallafe. Its sosai janyo hankalin zuwa da labaru game da tsoho warrior-mãtã mãsu da mata shahidai.

'Yan takarar da mazajensu

Princess kewaye da wani yawa retinue, m ga matsayinsu: kotun ma'aikata, da capelin, kuyanginku da nannies, lady-malami. Girma, Mary Kazamin fara aikatawa falconry da hawan doki. Damuwa game da yi mata aure, kamar yadda shi ne saba tare da sarakuna, ya fara daga jarirai. A yarinya da aka 2 years old lokacin da mahaifinta sanya hannu a kwangila game da alkawari da 'yarsa ga dan Francis I, Faransa dauphin. The kwangila, duk da haka, an soke ta. Wani dan takarar da wani miji 6-shekara Maryama shi Karl V Gabsburg, Ruhu Mai Roman Sarkin sarakuna, wanda ya girmi da amarya na shekaru 16. Duk da haka, da gimbiya basu da lokaci zuwa girma ga aure.

Catherine aka gamsarwa ga Henry

A 16th shekara aure Henry Sabunta na, wanda har yanzu yana da wani namiji magada, ya yanke shawarar cewa ya aure to Catherine ba faranta wa Allah rai. Haihuwar wani shege dan shaida cewa al'amarin shine cewa ba Henry. The al'amari itace, ta zama matarsa. Sarki mai suna ya bastard Henry Fitzroy. Ya ba dansa kadarori, gidãje kuma dukedom. Duk da haka, don sa magājin Henry, ya iya ba, Ganin cewa a cikin amincewar da halittar Tudor daular kasance m.

Farko da matar Catherine shi ne Prince Uelskiy Artur. Shi ne ɗan fari na kafa daular Qing. Bayan watanni 5 bayan bikin aure bikin, ya rasu da tarin fuka. Sa'an nan Henry VII na, a kan tsari na Spanish matchmakers shirya da alkawari daga Henry, ya ɗa na biyu (ya kasance sa'an nan 11 years old), tare da Catherine. Aure ya kamata a rajista a lõkacin da suka isa} uruciyarsa. Cika karshe nufin mahaifinsa, a shekaru 18, Henry Sabunta aure matar ɗan'uwansa. Yawanci coci haramta irin wannan aure a matsayin hankali related. Duk da haka, kamar yadda wani banda iko personages aka yi izni ga wannan shugaban Kirista.

Divorce, sabon matar Henry

Kuma a yanzu, a cikin 1525, sarki ya tambayi Paparoma ga wani saki ƙuduri. Clement VII bai yi musu ba, duk da haka, da bai bayar da amsa. Ya yi umurni a matsayin "kasuwanci sarki" za a iya tsaurara more. Henry bayyana matarsa, ya ra'ayi a kan fa'ida da muguntar da aure. Ya tambaye ta yarda wani saki, kuma zuwa sufi, amma mace ce resolutely ƙiya. Wannan yana wanzuwa da kanta ga wani sosai unenviable rabo - ciyayi m gidãje kuma karkashin kulawa na rabuwa da 'yarta. A 'yan shekaru da jan a kan wani "harka na Sarki." Arhiepiskop Kenterberiysky da Primate na Church nada Henry karshe ayyana da aure banza. Sarki ya aure Anne Boleyn, ya fi so.

Advertisement Mary shege

Sa'an nan Clement VII yanke shawarar ware daga Henry Church. Ya sanar da 'yarsa daga sabon Sarauniya Elizabeth shege. T. Cranbury a mayar da martani ga cewa ya sanar da Sarki shege da Maryamu Catherine, 'yar. Ta aka hana duk gata, dogaro gado.

Henry ya zama shugaban Anglican Church

Majalisar a 1534 ya sa hannu kan "dokar on suprematsii" a kan abin da sarki ya jagoranci Church of England. Wasu daga cikin ka'idojin da addini an sake nazari da kuma soke. Saboda haka akwai Church of England, abin da yake, kamar yadda suka tsakãnin tsakanin Protestantism kuma Katolika. Wadanda suka ki yarda da shi, da aka ayyana cin amanar da hõre matsananci azãba. Daga yanzu a kan kwace dukiya na don cocin Katolika, da kuma Church levies sun fara hallara a cikin baitulmali na gidan sarki.

A wuri na Mary

Kazamin Mary da mutuwar mahaifiyarsa da aka marayu. Ta zama duka-duka dogara a kan mahaifinsa da matansa. Anne Boleyn ya ƙi ta, a kowace hanya yin ba'a da ita, kuma ko da amfani da hari. Gaskiyar cewa Apartment mallakar zarar mahaifiyarta yanzu rayu da mace ke sa kambi Jewels da Catherine, Mary ya jawo babbar wahala. Ga shi, dã sun interceded Spanish kaka da kakan, amma a wannan lokacin sun mutu, kuma su magãda da isasshen matsaloli a kasar su.

Yana da aka short-rayu farin ciki Anne Boleyn - kafin aka haife wani ya maimakon ɗa, da sa ran sarki da yi mata alkawari. Kawai shekaru 3 da haihuwa da kuma ta zauna sarauniya Catherine tsira kawai domin 5 months. Anna aka zarge shi da jihar da kuma zina. A mace ta zo da scaffold a watan Mayu 1536, da kuma Elizabeth, da 'yarta, aka ayyana shege, kamar yadda nan gaba farko Kazamin Mary Tudor.

Sauran Mary uwar rana

Shi ne kawai a lokacin da 'yar wasan kwaikwayon tare da so ba amince da su gane Henry Sabunta shugaban na Anglican Church, a cikin zuciyarsa ya zauna a Katolika, ta karshe koma ga suite kuma damar da fādar sarki. Kazamin Mary Tudor, duk da haka, ba aure.

Henry 'yan kwanaki bayan mutuwar Boleyn aure baranya na girmamawa, Dzheyn Seymur. Ta ji tausayinsu, domin Maria da maigidanta ya rinjaye ta ta koma zuwa gidan sarauta. Seymour haifi Henry Sabunta, wanda a wannan lokacin ya riga shekaru 46 da haihuwa, da dogon awaited ɗa, Edward VI, kamar yadda ta mutu daga puerperal zazzabi. An sani cewa King yaba da ƙaunar da uku matarsa fiye da wasu, da kuma gãdar da binne shi kusa da ita kabari.

Aure na hudu da sarki ya m. Ganin Annu Klevskuyu, matarsa, a irin, ya tashi a cikin wani fushi. Henry Sabunta bayan ta saki daga ta kashe Cromwell, farko da ministan, wanda shi ne Oganeza na matchmaking. Tare Anna, ya sake, bayan watanni shida, bisa ga auren, ba shigar da shi a cikin jiki a tsakaninsu. Ya ba ta wani saki, bayan samun muƙamin na da 'yan'uwanku mãtã, da kuma karamin mallaka. Dangantaka tsakanin su kasance kusan related, kazalika da dangantaka da yara na Sarkin Cleves.

Katherine Gotvard, da wadannan mataki-Maryamu mahaifiyar aka fille kansa a cikin Tower, bayan 1.5 shekaru na aure, domin zina. Domin 2 shekaru kafin mutuwarsa, King aka bayar da shida aure. Ekaterina Parr yaro kula, kula da lafiya ta miji, shi ne farka na kotu. Wannan mace gamsu da sarki ya zama mafi m ga mata da maza, Elizabeth da Maryamu. Ekaterina Parr tsira da sarki ya tsere kisa kawai saboda kansa dabara da kuma aras sa'a.

The mutuwar Henry Sabunta, Mary gane istinbadi

Henry Sabunta mutu a watan Janairu 1547, bequeathing zuwa Edward, ya matasa dan, kambi. Idan ya zuriya rasu, sai ta yi don samun duk cikin 'ya'ya mata - Elizabeth da Maryamu. Wadannan 'ya'yan sarakuna karshe aka gane a matsayin halattaciyar. Wannan ya ba su damar da za su dogara a kan kambi da kuma mai kyau aure.

Edward ta sarautar da kuma mutuwar

Maria saboda ta tsaya tsayin daka su Katolika sha wahala tsananta. Ta ko da ya so ya bar Ingila. Domin King Edward ya wuce tunani cewa ta zo a kan karaga bayan shi. A kan shawara Ubangiji Majiɓinci, da ya yanke shawarar sake rubutawa mahaifinsa yake so. Magaji aka zayyana 16-shekara Dzheyn Gray, Edward ta biyu dan uwan kuma jikanyar Henry VII. Ta kasance mai Protestant, da kuma 'yar Northumberland.

Edward VI ba zato ba tsammani fadi m 3 kwanaki bayan probate harhada su. Wannan ya faru a lokacin rani na 1553. Ya mutu jim kadan bayan haka. A cewar daya daga version, da mutuwa da aka sa ta tarin fuka, kamar yadda ya kasance tun suna yara matalauta kiwon lafiya. Duk da haka, akwai wani version. A Duke na Northumberland a yanayi na rashin cire daga Sarkin likitoci. Gadonsa bayyana sihiri. Ta wai ya Edward wani kashi na arsenic. Sa'an nan sarki ya ji m da kuma ja numfashinsa na ƙarshe a cikin shekaru 15 da shekaru.

Maria zama sarauniya

Bayan mutuwarsa, sarauniya zama Dzheyn Gray, wanda shi ne a wancan lokaci shekaru 16 da haihuwa. Duk da haka, da mutane suka tayar, ba su gane shi. A watan baya, Mary zo a kan karaga. Ta ya ta wannan lokaci riga shekaru 37 da haihuwa. Bayan sarautar Henry Sabunta, wanda ya yi kira kansa shugaban na Church da aka excommunicated da Paparoma shi, game da rabin dukan gidajen da majami'u da aka hallaka a jihar. Wuya aiki ya yanke shawara bayan Edward Kazamin Maria mutuwa. Ingila, wadda ta gāda, aka fatattakakkun. Yana da za a gaggawa farfado. Domin na farko da watanni shida yana The Kisa Dzheyn Gray, da mijinta, Gilforda Dadli, da mahaifinta Dzhona Dadli.

A kisa na Jane da mijinta

Kazamin Mary, wanda biography ne sau da yawa wakilci a duhu launuka, da yanayi ba su sãɓã ba hali ya tashe tashen hankula. Ta ya ba su iya aika wa dan uwan a kan chopping block. Me Kazamin Mary karshe ya yanke shawarar yi da shi? Ta san cewa Jane - kamar wani pawn a hannun wasu, wanda ba ya so ya zama sarauniya. Ta shari'a ne a kan mijinta farko da aka ɗauki cikinsa kawai a matsayin ƙa'ida. Koroleva Mariya Kazamin so afuwa ga ma'aurata. Duk da haka, makomar Jane T. Wyatt yanke shawarar tawaye, wanda ya fara a watan Janairu 1554 Fabrairu 12 na wannan shekara, Jane da Guilford da aka fille kansa.

Kazamin Mary Board

Maria sake kewaye kansa da waɗanda suka kasance har kwanan nan tsakanin ta adawar. Ta san cewa za su iya taimaka da ita a cikin management na jihar. Ma'anar kalmar sake gini na kasar ya fara tare da Tarurrukan na Katolika bangaskiya, wanda ya sanya Kazamin Maryamu. Ƙoƙari Counter-canji - kamar yadda shi ne ake kira a kimiyya harshe. Mutane da yawa gidajen da aka kerata. Duk da haka, a zamanin mulkin Mary da yawa yanke hukuncin kisa na Furotesta. Bonfires una da Fabrairu 1555 kiyaye yawa shaida game da yadda mutane a zafi, mutuwa saboda bangaskiya. Game da mutane 300 sun kone. Daga cikinsu akwai Latimer, Ridley, Cramner da sauran coci hierarchs. Sarauniya umurce ba domin ya kiyaye waɗanda suka amince da zama Katolika, da fuskantar da wuta. Domin duk waɗannan azaba Maryama kuma ya karbi sunan barkwanci Kazamin.

Mary ta aure

Sarauniya aure dan Charles V Philip (bazara 1554). Husband shekaru 12 da matasa, fiye da Maryamu. Bisa ga auren, ya ba zai iya tsoma baki a cikin Gudun na kasar, da kuma haife daga cikin aure da yara sun zama magada zuwa Turanci kursiyin. Philippe idan akwai wanda bai kai ba mutuwa daga Maryamu su koma Spain. Birtaniya Sarauniya ƙi mijinta. Ko da yake Maria yi yunkurin da majalisar ya amince da yanke shawara a kan ko wa Philippe aka dauke Sarkin Ingila, ta hana wannan. Dan Charles V ya yi girman kai, kuma pompous. Ya zo tare da shi retinue yi girman provocatively.

Kazamin fada tsakanin Spaniards da kuma Turanci fara faru a kan tituna, bayan Philip ta isowa.

Rashin lafiya da kuma mutuwa

Maria yana da ãyõyin ciki da aka saukar a watan Satumba. Mun sanya wasiya bisa ga abin da Filibus kuwa za a Regent na wani yaro a karkashin yana da shekaru masu rinjaye. Duk da haka, da yaro da aka haifa ba. Mary Elizabeth nada magajinsa, da 'yar'uwarsa.

A May 1558, ya bayyana cewa hasashen ciki gaske mai alama rashin lafiya. Maria da aka fama da zazzaɓi, da ciwon kai, rashin barci. Ta fara rasa ta gani. A lokacin rani da Sarauniyar da samun da mura. Elizabeth aka hukumance nada a matsayin magaji na Nuwamba 6, 1558 Marie ya mutu a kan Nuwamba 17 na wannan shekara. Masana tarihi yi imani da cewa cutar daga wanda Sarauniya mutu - ovarian cysts ko igiyar ciki ciwon daji. Mary zauna binne shi a Westminster Abbey. Al'arshi bayan ta mutuwa gaji Elizabeth I.