A tarihin da ma'anar "Transfiguration domin"

Tarihi na Rasha yana mai yawa sharuddan da events halayyar wanda ya haddasa matsaloli ga dalibai. Daya daga cikin wadannan matsalolin ne Transfiguration na oda, yi a XVII - XVIII ƙarni, rawar da jami'in, da kuma hukumar mulki.

The wuya daga cikin batun ta'allaka ne da cewa Kalmar "domin" a cikin karni na karshe ya canza ma'anarta. Saboda wannan dalili, da yawa dalibai suna rasa, tun da aka umurci: "Expand da darajar Concepts. Transfiguration na domin - abin da yake da shi? "A wannan halin da ake ciki, wani babban kuskure ne a yi ƙoƙarin yin amsa wata tambaya, bisa wani zamani harshen ?.

Kalmar "domin" - wani umurni ko dalĩli?

Don koyi da ma'anar "Transfiguration domin" Concepts da kuma bayyana irin rawar da ya taka a cikin samuwar na Rasha daular, shi wajibi ne su fahimci asalin kalmar "domin". Modern Dictionary bayyana kalma kamar haka: "wani tsari, batun m kisa." Duk da haka, wannan wording aka buga gwada da kwanan nan. A Rasha, duk da haka, tun karshen karni XV, an kira ta domin na tsakiyar hukuma alhakin wani ɓangare na jama'a damuwa. Saboda haka, Prince Ivan III, kammala da daidaituwa na daban-daban Slavic mulkoki, rikidar da Rasha kula da tsarin ta canja wurin zartarwa dalĩli umarni - da samfur na zamani ma'aikatun. Ambassadorial domin, Local, Street, kawai Pushkarsky ... Tare da kowane sabon yarima ko sarki tsarin complements, amma har Bitrus da na taba gushe.

Bayyanar da Transfiguration na oda

Wannan dalĩli gare ta bayyanar to biyu kananan kauyuka kusa Moscow - Semenovsk da Transfiguration, wanda a 1682 aka fitar da matasa Tsar Peter tare da mahaifiyarsa. All ikon da aka mayar da hankali a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin regent - Sophia, kuma amusements ga Bitrus da aka sanya biyu "m" rajimanti. Sarrafa duk da tattalin arziki da sauran al'amurran da suka shafi na wadannan regiments aka canjawa wuri zuwa wani musamman halitta wannan dalili Preobrazhensky umarni.

Duk da haka, a kan lokaci, kamar yadda matasa Bitrus ya fara shiga a cikin shugabanci na kasar, wannan "funny" domin ya canza su da ma'ana. Rallied a kusa da shi da sahabbansa na matasa Bitrus, shi ci gaba na farko da tsare-tsaren da manyan sauye-sauye, tattauna da bukatar soja kamfen da Turkey. Don shiryar da oda na Bitrus A. sa daya daga cikin mafi kusa abokai - Prince Fedora Yurevicha Romodanovskogo.

A farko tsanani hali na Transfiguration na oda

A shekarar 1689, Princess Sophia yunkurin kama da cikakken ikon da zama sarauniya. An goyan bayan wani Royal regiments dake da sansani a Moscow. Funny regiments, karkashin jagorancin sarkin Romodanovsky, aka tilasta su a cikin ta farko tsanani yaƙi da lashe. Sophia aka fitar da su Novodevichy Convent, da Transfiguration na domin na karamin kasuwanci kungiyar ta zama daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci jama'a hukumomi. Yana da aka gudanar sanda a birnin Moscow na binciken siyasa laifuka a 1698 ya aka bai wa m hakkin ya yi hukunci da wani cin zarafin da sarki ko da sarauta da iko.

Yana da wannan iko kungiyar sarautar Bitrus I zamar masa dole dama kwantar wani bore, da zalunci na siyasa masu hamayya da Bitrus da jini yanke hukuncin kisa. A ra'ayi na "Preobrazhensky" ya zama wani gidan kalma, domin shekaru masu yawa shirkin da mutane tare da m torturous azabtarwa da bẽnãye, kuma m da kulli.

Duk da haka, a gaskiya, da aiki da wannan tsari sun yawa fadi: up to halittar majalisar dattijai a 1711, ya kasance da babban Hukumar Mulki na kasar a cikin rashi na sarki. Alal misali, yayin da sa hannu na Bitrus I, mai girma Ofishin Jakadancin zuwa Turai ya Transfiguration domin magance dukkan ciki matsaloli.

Preobrazhensky rawa a suppressing da tawaye musketeers

Daya daga cikin mafi tsanani halaye, wanda zai iya shiga ƙarƙashin sarkin Romodanovsky, ya strelets tawaye a 1698. Aika (maimakon na yi muku wa'adi shakatawa) su bauta a cikin Great Luka regiments ƙi yin biyayya umarni. Kuma suka mayar da su 'yantar da Princess Sophia - wanda, sabanin Bitrus, "ya m zuwa gare su." Strelets tawaye da aka gilla mur. A umurnin Bitrus fiye da 300 maharba da aka kama da kuma tambayoyi a SVEZA Transfiguration domin. Muhimmancin wannan taron domin ci gaba da Rasha yana da nauyi ƙwarai: shi ne bayan wani bore a 1698 strelets sojojin da aka wargaza rundunar da kuma daina wanzuwa har abada.

Fadin kasar, da aka leken asiri sympathizers musketeers. Mutane da yawa daga cikin mahalarta a cikin tawaye bace a cikin kurkuku na Transfiguration na oda, har ma fiye da aka fili kashe a kan Red Square ga zamansa da kuma inganta na wasu. Wannan ban tausayi taron kama Vasily Surikov a cikin zanen "Morning na Strelets 'Kisa."

A zamanin da Empire zamanin

A m shekaru, da Transfiguration na domin zama ƙara tsakiyar jami'in tsaro da kuma bangaren shari'a. Tun 1702 akwai fara tambaya duk wanda "ya gaya wa wani sarki kalmar" (watau, ya bayani game da yadawa mãkirci, ko seditious tattaunawa).

A 1718 m ofishin da aka kafa a St. Petersburg, wanda ya karbi ayyuka na Transfiguration na oda a arewa, da kuma a 'yan shekaru baya duka wadannan kungiyoyi sun garwaya a cikin daya. A nan ne, a cikin Bitrus da Bulus sansanin soja, inda akwai wani asiri ofishin, gudanar da al'amarin na Tsarevich Alexei - dan Bitrus I, wanda aka zarge shi da laifin cin amanar kasa. Tambaya hanyoyin shafe azabtarwa ba a canza ko don Alexei Petrovich, da kuma tofin Allah tsine da aka mika saukar da daɗewa ba. Duk da haka, kafin da kisan magaji a kan karaga, bai zama: Yuni 26, ya aka samu mutu a cikin cell.

A karshe shekaru na Transfiguration na oda

Duk da Petrine zamanin Transfiguration domin ya zaunanniyar fadar mulki. Fadada iko, ya canjãwa da sunan da: a 1702, kungiyar zama da aka sani dan lokaci "janar kotu". By karshen zamanin Bitrus I, wannan tsari yana da ikon zuwa nema, kuma hukunci fursunonin siyasa, gudanar da bincike laifi lokuta, don gudanar da yanke hukuncin kisa, da kuma ko da sarrafa sayar da taba. A wuri na Fedor Romodanovsky zo da ɗansa, Ivan Romodanovsky, to kai laifi jami'in aikin da aka sa Andrey Ushakov.

Rasa da muhimmancin brainchild na Bitrus yana kawai bayan mutuwarsa. Catherine na sake masa suna cikin kungiyar ofishin Transfiguration, rikewa mafi yawan iko. Kuma a cikin 1729 da Sarkin sarakuna Bitrus II karshe soke ikon koran ta shugaba da kuma canja wurin duk aiki a cikin majalisar dattijai da kuma Majalisar Koli.