Sassaka a kan wani dutse al'amudin sharudda: da dokoki na King Hammurabi

Archaeology ya ko da yaushe bude ga bil'adama asirin wani da rai. Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da binciken da aka yi a farkon karni na 20th a cikin tsohon birnin na Susa, karfe sassaka a kan dutse al'amudin dokoki, wanda daga bisani aka mai suna da dokoki na Hammurabi. Mene ne asalin code, kuma wanda ya kasance ta mahalicci? Wannan za a tattauna a yanzu.

Wanda ya Hammurabi: a takaice biography

Game da Hammurabi, Sarkin Babila ta d ¯ jihar, kafin hawa kan karaga, kadan da aka sani. A 1793 BC, ya zama da tafin kafa mulkin har ya dan daular. Kusan nan da nan, ya fara shirye-shirye domin yaki na fitina a cikin kewaye birni-jihohin: Larsa, Isin, Malgiuma, Rapikuma da Uruk. Ya tsare-tsaren da aka aiwatar da karshen 1781 amma mu zamanin, sakamakon Hammurabi sõyayya a ƙasashen Lower Mesofotamiya zuwa wani iko daular, ba da sanin shan kashi.

Tabbatarwa daga sarauta da iko da babban tasiri na daular a kan tattalin arzikin da kayayyaki-kudi dangantakar a yankin har yanzu kara ƙarfafa autocratic iko. Amma aikata wadannan kamfen na ci ya zama shahararren sarki.

Quite wani rabo a lokacin da aka ga haifar da wani tsarin mulki - Hammurabi. Sassaka a kan wani dutse al'amudin dokoki, wanda a wancan lokaci ya rayu Babila, ya zama ba kawai a tarihi abin tunawa, amma kuma mai kyau tushen bayanai game da tsarin da jihar da kuma rayuwar zamantakewa a wancan zamanin.

Bayyanar wani dutse al'amudin da dokokin

Hammurabi ta dokokin da aka rubuta a cikin harshen Sumerian, wanda mafi hankali yayi kama da haruffa cuneiform. Sassaka a kan wani dutse al'amudin dokoki daidai kiyaye, wanda a yarda to sosai jarraba duk cikakkun bayanai na shari'a da kuma jihar na'ura Babila a zamanin da kafa dokoki, kazalika ga mutane da yawa ƙarni bayan mutuwarsa.

Kansa al'amudi sanya na basalt, a fairly fā. Ya na sama gaban part aka surmounted da Bas-taimako na Hammurabi samun daga rana bautãwa Shamash wadanda wannan dokokin.

Sauran surface an rufe tare da inscriptions, fayyace yadda ya kamata mutum ya zauna a kasar fiye da lokacin da shiryar da wani ma'amaloli, gadi ko kuma kashe aure, da kuma gano babban bugun fanareti lokacin da rashin ladabi. A rubutu ne zuwa kashi uku matukar sassa: gabatarwar, da 282 mulki da kuma cikar. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa sassaka a kan dutse al'amudin dokoki ba a kiyaye su a cika: 35 daga cikinsu sun sharewa. Duk da haka, da suka gudanar ya warke da taimakon takardun kiyaye su a cikin dakin karatu na Sarkin Assuriya Ashurbanipal.

Dokokin King Hammurabi: abin da yankunan na rayuwa gudana da dokar

Hammurabi, bisa ga shar'anta a cikin dokokin basalt ginshikan, kokarin shirya kusan dukkan duniyoyin rayuwa a cikin kasarsu. Dokokin dauke da dama abubuwa a fagen cinikayya, musamman da alhaki na sayarwa domin sayar da m kaya, ciki har da kayan ado, yadudduka, kuma ko da jiragen ruwa. Sassaka a kan wani dutse al'amudin hakkin ya bayyana a wasu daki-daki, kuma sakamakon wani laifi, ko na zama sata, m ko mai haɗari kisan ko maita. Bugu da kari, sun samar da ga abin alhaki kuma ga rantsuwar kafara. A babban rabo na dokar hulda da ma'aikata na aure da iyali dokar, kazalika da dukiya dangantakar.

A tarihi darajar da Hammurabi

A cikin tarihi darajar da Hammurabi za a iya hukunci da cewa shi ne kawai tushen da-tsare, wanda a yarda ba kawai su koyi game da Babilawa na d ¯, amma kuma game da tsoho Eastern dokar a general. Masana kimiyya zo ga ƙarshe cewa Sarkin Babila, jihar ya tushen su dokokin da dokoki da rinjaye a cikin al'umma a lokacin, amma ba dukan da aka bukata a yi. Dokokin Hammurabi yarda ka fahimta da yawa al'amurran rayuwa a Bagadaza a lokacin da 2nd Millennium BC.