Saprophytes: abin da shi ne, abin da ya ci, inda rayuwa?

A yanayi akwai kwayoyin - kwayoyin, fungi, shuke-shuke, da dabbobi - ciyar da shirye-sanya kwayoyin mahadi. A tushen carbon barbashi don su ne matattu ko sharar kayayyakin da talikan yanayi. Irin halittun ake kira "saprophytes". Mene ne wannan? Mu yi kokarin gano a cikin wannan labarin.

Asalin sunan

Sunan wannan kungiya na kwayoyin da aka samu daga biyu Greek kalmomi: "rududdugaggu" da "shuka". Daga nan za ka iya zahiri fahimta da ma'anar da ra'ayi. Saprophytes amfani da abinci da sauran ayyuka na kwayoyin, inji nama da kuma dabbobi, sau da yawa - matattu.

Rawar da saprophytes

Rawar da wadannan halittu yanayi a kan wani duniya wurare dabam dabam na abubuwa. Kowane mai rai kwayoyin taba mutuwa. Saboda haka shirya da yanayi. Mutane da yawa saprophytes nufi don zubar da matattu nama. Ba tare da su, da biosphere zai kawai bogged saukar a nasu sharar gida, da kuma dukan duniya za a warwatse da sharar gida da kuma sharar kayayyakin na daban-daban kwayoyin - rayayyu da matattu. Saprophytes yi rawa a cikin yanayi na janitors cewa tsabtace wurin for wani sabon rai. su ma decompose kwayoyin nama a cikin ta bangaren abubuwa, waxanda ake amfani da wasu kwayoyin ga nasu iko da yi.

Abin da kwayoyin cuta da ake kira saprophytes?

Jumillar adadin rai kwayoyin a kan Duniya da gaske immensely ba amenable to daidai lissãfi. Kwayoyin daga ra'ayi na rarrabuwa a ilmin halitta - mafi yawa mulkin. Mafi yawa daga cikin data kasance kwayoyin ne saprophytes.

asali ayyuka

Saprophitic kwayoyin: abin da yake da shi? Su nufi - decompose kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwa yanayin da ƙasa, su shiga a cikin mineralization, da sake zagayowar da sunadarai abubuwa. Azotobacter, misali, kai wani aiki sashi a aiwatar da nitrogen kam. Wasu - wani muhimmin mahada a hira da carbon, sulfur, phosphorus. Kuma da sauran "taimako" kwayoyin mutumin dafa abinci. Bayan duk, kan aiwatar da lactic fermentation dogara a kan saprophytes. Kirim mai tsami, gida cuku, cuku, fermented gasa madara, pickles, low-barasa abubuwan sha - wadanda kayayyakin da cewa babu kwayoyin kawai ba zai iya zama.

Blue-kore algae

Wadannan cyanobacteria suna da hannu a samar da oxygen. Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa wadannan tsoho kwayoyin fara kafa biliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce, yanayin duniya. Bayan duk, akwai ba itatuwa, da sauran shuke-shuke da emit a kan aiwatar da photosynthesis oxygen. A bacteria wanzu. Ko a yanzu - saboda su manyan lambobin - rabonsu a samar da gas yana da muhimmanci.

Fungi da kuma shuke-shuke saprophitic

A mulkin fungi kuma suna da wakilai na wannan category: kananan da kuma matsakaici, ko manyan mãsu girmansu. Suna amfani da abinci paluyu ganye, humus, kututturan da kuma rassan, dung, gawayi, gashinsa da kuma saukar da tsuntsaye, dabbobi dander. A general - duk Organic, su ne akwai. Alal misali, kimomi da wuri fari, yellow lozhnoopenok sulfur, Coprinus Shaggy, Aspen, kuma Birch namomin kaza ne saprophytes da yawa wasu. Mutane da yawa daji namomin kaza zo daga mafi girma shuke-shuke (itatuwa, shrubs) a symbiosis, samar da duk wani nau'i na sharan na shuka da dabbobi takin da ake bukata domin shuka abinci mai gina jiki.

Babbar darajar (sau da yawa - ba gaba ɗaya m) da dukan microscopic fungi-saprophytes. Suna sau da yawa samu a abinci, ta hanyar mayar da su su m ayyuka, da samar da kamar edible a nan gaba, kazalika da ba edible kayayyakin. M burodi da kuma m jam, fermented ruwan 'ya'yan itace, na banza apple - "hannuwansa" abu. A ma'adinai - Kombucha, Indian shinkafa, fungal fermentation a samar da barasa.

A shuka mulki da kuma masu saprophytic. Mene ne wannan? Wadannan Flora mãsu fakowa yawanci photosynthesis abubuwa (pigments) da kuma tsari ne da za'ayi saboda adaptability yi amfani da ikon daga fungi, misali. Rashin yiwuwar photosynthesis iya zama m. Alal misali, wasu jinsunan orchids kawai zuwa wasu har ya dogara ne a kan fungi, amma za a iya gudanar da wani photosynthesis da kara.

Irin shuke-shuke suna kira mikogeterotrofami. Sun hada da fiye da 400, daga dukan nau'i.

Animal saprophytes. Mene ne wannan?

Daga cikin fauna ma da irin wannan kwayoyin. Alal misali, saprophytes mites (iyali arachnids). Wadannan arthropod ba dangane kai tsaye a kan wasu kwayoyin, amma a shirye-sanya gudanar da mahadi har yanzu bukatar. Su yi amfani da su ikon rubabben shuka ko dabba nama. Saprophytes ne fiye da 150 jinsunan mites daga turɓãya, wasu daga cikinsu suna dauke su allergenic. Su za a iya gani kawai karkashin wani madubin, kamar yadda su masu girma dabam ne kadan (matsakaici - 0.2 mm). A rayuwa span na dabba - game da wata huɗu. A wannan lokaci, da mace mite yana da lokaci zuwa cira sama zuwa 300 qwai. Amma kawai daya gram daga turɓãya iya "zaunar" to 'yan dubu daga wadannan kwayoyin. The abinci suka ci fata flakes a Layer na mutanen da suke da ba a yalwace, inda wani mutum da gazawa (bisa ga kimiyya, mutum zai iya jefa a cikin shekara har zuwa 700 grams na matattu fata gaɓũɓuwa, kuma suka ciyar a kan turbaya mites saprophytes).