The title of Sarkin sarakuna na All Rasha karo na farko dauki Ivan III. A tarihin na Rasha jihar

The biyu da rabi na karni na sha biyar - shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci lokaci a cikin tarihi na Rasha. A wannan lokaci nan gaba na jihar karshe samun kawar da Tatar karkiya da kuma siffofin da siyasa tushe don kafa wani sabon kasar. Muscovite m Ivan III shi ne wani mutum da babban siyasa kishi da kuma m manufofi. Ya arzuta ci gaba da aiki na da mahaifinsa da kusan shekaru hamsin ta sarautar, ya iya gama a kusa da birnin Moscow duk da kewaye ƙasar. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a cikin tarihin wannan m shi ne sarki na farko da sarki dukan Rasha rayar ƙasarsu, ya zama ta tafin kafa mulkin.

Daidaituwa na Rasha asashe

Daukana up ƙasar a ƙarƙashin da angarorin na Moscow sarauta tsawon game da shekara talatin. Ba dole ba ne makwabtaka da shugabanni gane ikon da Moscow m Ivan. Yaroslavl yankin da yardarsa amince da gane. Yayin da sarkin Moscow da kuma Tver da Rostov sarauta yana da zamiryat. Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci fadace-fadace daga waɗanda sau da aka mamaye na Novgorod freemen - da shan kashi na Novgorod a kan kogin Shelon entailed pacification Shrew sarauta da kuma ta shigarwa a cikin Great.

Hulda da mangolawa

Don ƙara da tasiri a cikin yankin, Ivan III ya yi girman da mangolawa matsayin mai zaman kanta mai mulkin ƙasarsu. A nan gaba farko sarki dukkan Rasha ba ya so ya biya haraji da su hau a kan baka, kamar yadda mahaifansa biyu, kuma kakaninki. A lokacin da shekaru talatin na mulkin Ivan III zuwa ƙasarsa untouched Tartar ba tare da zubar da jini Orthodox Kiristoci aka ba fatattakakkun asashe da kuma birane ƙone. A tsaran mutane wanda bai san Tatar karkiya. Han Ahmat yanke shawarar iko da recalcitrant yarima kuma a sake samu ƙasa a cikin Rasha Sphere da tasiri na taro. Hankali da kuma m mai mulkin taro fara shirya tafiya a kan Moscow. Amma ya kishi ƙare a 1480. Great tsaye a kan Ugra kogin ya nuna ikon da Rasha sojojin. Khan, ta gudu, da ikon da Tatars a Rasha asashe, wanda dade fiye da shekara ɗari biyu, shi ne a kan. Ivan III - na farko Tsar na All Rasha ceton ƙasarsa daga shekaru bauta.

War tare da arewacin makwabta

Shan da Accession Novgorod kusa tura da iyakoki na Rasha jihar Livonia da kuma Sweden. Constant wata gaba da worsen Livonian-Pskov dangantakar sun kai ga wani tsanani soja rikicin. A 1481, bayan da ta yi nasara yaƙin neman zaɓe a Rasha ƙasar Livonian yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya shekara goma da aka sanya hannu. Duk da haka, Ivan III umurni da gina garun a arewa maso yammacin kasar. Irin wannan tanadi da aka ba daga wuri: a farkon 16th karni, dangantakar rincabewa sake. Samun rasa dama manyan fadace-fadace, Ivan III a 1503 amince da hannu wani yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, wanda aka hukumance tabbatar da iyakar jihohin guda biyu.

Hulda da Grand Duchy na Lithuania

Ƙarfafa da 'yancin kai da kuma samuwar na Moscow sarauta, da tsawo na da karkararta na mai saɓani moriyar matasa jihar tare da Grand Duchy na Lithuania. M wars kulla Rasha keda daukaka a kan jayayya yankuna. Da yarjejeniya tsakanin kasashen biyu da aka kulla a 1503. A cewar shi, da ikon Moscow sarauta tashi Gomel, Bryansk, Rylsk, Putivl, Chernigov da kuma sauran birane a baya aka gudanar da Lithuania. Duk da haka, wannan yarjejeniyar da aka kammala ga wani ajali na (6 years), amma a kan ta ƙarewar ba, ba wanda kuma a daya gefen ba sake duba wuraren da daftarin aiki.

Saboda haka, a cikin wani gajeren lokaci, da Rasha ƙasashe aka sõyayya a Moscow. The title of "Sarkin sarakuna na All Rasha" a karon farko dauki Ubangiji da raba mulkoki.

A binciken da na jam'iyya

A kaifi Jump daga matsayin mai zaman kanta da kuma aikin gandu babban jihar bukaci a daidai firam. By hada da Rasha ƙasar, da ra'ayin kira su master kwance a farfajiya. Kafin wannan, da prefix "All Rasha" ya kamata ya Kievan sarakuna, da zũriyarsu. Bayan fragmentation Kiev Rus aiki suna dogara da sarakuna Vladimirskii (as kai tsaye mãsu mayẽwa Yaroslava Mudrogo). Bayan shiga cikin Moscow Vladimir sarauta prefix "All Rasha" ta halitta ya koma Moscow sarakuna.

The kalmar "sarki" ya kuma halartar gagarumin canje-canje. Da farko, mai shi daga ƙasar samu mai kyau da kuma sauran dukiya da ake kira "Gospodar". Wannan kalma yanzu an samu in Ukrainian, Belarushiyanci da kuma {asar Moldova harsuna. A arewa maso gabashin jihohin Rasha da kalmar fara yin amfani da bayan bikin aure na Prince of Moscow Vasily Sophia Palaeologus - kai tsaye magaji na Byzantine shugabanni. A inscriptions a kan tsabar kudi na farkon lokaci ta sarautar Ivan bayar da shawarar da shi ne a matsayin "Sarki All Rasha." Daga baya da kalmar aka canza kama zuwa wani "sarki" da kuma ya zama na kowa. Na biyu halves da kuma haifar da take da sabon gwamnan jihar. Ivan III - na farko sarki dukkan Rasha da aka sani a karkashin wannan sabon suna.

sabon jihar

A tallafi na take "Tsar na All Rasha" Tsar Ivan III kasance a 1494. A wannan lokaci da adawa ƙare tare da Grand Duchy na Lithuania da kuma Muscovy, da Duke na Lithuania hukumance gane Prince Ivan hospodar (sarki) na Rasha asashe. The title "Mamallakin All Rasha" da aka farko soma, a wasu versions, dangi na Ivan III - Dmitry Shemyaka. Amma Ivan III iya rightfully kira kansa mai mulkin Rasha ƙasashe, saboda a lokacin mulkinsa da ƙasa sarrafawa da Moscow ƙasar ta yawaita.

Sarkin sarakuna da kuma Sarkin

A farko sarki dukkan Rasha da wani suna. A wannan lokaci, na farko Rasha m zo a san ba shugabanni da sarakuna. Kafin wannan, sarakunan iya kawai za a kira khans na Golden taro kuma drevneiudeyskie shugabanni da aka sani daga Tsohon Slavonic translation na Littafi Mai Tsarki da labaru. The kalmar "sarki" da aka sanya cikin tafin kafa monarch, wanda yake da dama ya azabtar da kuka yãfe laifi talakawansa a kan hankali. Ya bambanta da Turai sarakuna aka farko dauke zaman kansa dukiya, sarki ya da tafin kafa mai na duk da ƙasashensu. Yana da wani hadari synonymous da kalmar "sarki" ya "autocrat".

m title

Rawar da kai-m mulkin wata sabuwar jiha ba za a iya overestimated. The title of "Sarkin sarakuna na All Rasha" ba karo na farko ya dauki wani baƙo ne, ba wani protege na mangolawa, muƙamin da aka rightfully kasance a cikin wuya da kuma nisa-gani siyasa, ya zama lardin sarauta a ikon da Turai matakin. Domin rayuwar daya tsara Rasha ya zama daraja da iko kasa da za a lasafta tare, da kuma a cikin arewa da kuma kudu. A karo na farko a birnin Moscow a matsayin babban birnin kasar na sabuwar kasar ya samu halartar wakilan makwabta. A karo na farko Muscovy shiga fagen siyasa da sabon sunan - Rasha. The title of "Sarkin sarakuna na All Rasha" da farko soma wani jami'in sautin kuma zama ɓangare na daukakan da Rasha shugabanni. Wannan shi ne wani jami'in request ga wakilin na jam'iyyar iyali, da farko busa dangane Ivan III da mãsu mayẽwa, kuma sai aka tsince wakilan da Romanov daular. Bayan Bitrus Rasha autocrats fĩfĩta ya kira kansa "sarki". Amma da lakabi na Tsar na All Rasha wanzuwa su da dama na gado, da kuma aka hada da sauransu a duk hukuma Rokon zuwa gidan sarauta.