Rubuce-rubucen Rasha na karni na 20, lokacin da aka samu, manyan wakilan

A tarihin Rasha adabi na karni na 20th zai fara a 1881. Tsarin mulki tsakanin ƙarni an dauke shi "shekarun azurfa" (yayin ci gaba da "shekarun zinariya" na Pushkin). Sauye-sauye na farkon karni na 20, rikici da al'adu daban-daban da salon rayuwa, ba zai iya rinjayar yanayi ne kawai ba. Yawancin marubuta ba su da cikakkun bayanai game da maganganu da matsalolin zamantakewa, yawancin marubuta sun fara tunanin tunani na har abada da rayuwa, wanzuwar nagarta da mugunta. Wani muhimmin tasiri game da al'adun wadannan lokuta ya zama addini, batun addini ya zama daya daga cikin muhimman batutuwa na ayyukan marubucin marubuta. Rubuce-rubucen Rasha na karni na 20 ya taso ne a karkashin sabon yanayin tarihi, wanda ba zai iya tasiri ba. Masanin fasaha na zamani ya fahimci cewa sauyewar canje-canje a cikin rayuwar kasar, sabili da haka a cikin rayuwarsu, ba zai yiwu ba. Wasu suna jiran su da farin ciki da bege, wasu suna tare da razana da tsoro, wanda aka watsa wa mai karatu a lokacin karatun ayyukansu.

Juyin juyin juya hali na 1917 ya rarraba dukan wallafe-wallafe na Rasha a waɗannan shekarun zuwa sansani guda biyu: "wallafe-wallafe" da aikin masu gudun hijirar Rasha. Wani mai haske mai wakilci na karshen shi ne Vladimir Nabokov, a mafi yawan ayyukansa yana da alamar rashin lafiya.

Rubuce-rubucen Rasha na karni na 20 sun ba mu ƙasashen duniya da kuma duniya baki ɗaya masu yawa masu kalma. Wannan ya shafi farko da shayari. A mawãƙi na "Azurfa Age" ne: Nikolai Gumilyov, Maximilian Voloshin, Anna Akhmatova, Sergei Yesenin, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Aleksandr Blok, da dai sauransu Tsoffin wakilan wakilan Soviet sun hada da Yesenin da Mayakovsky. Wanda ya kafa wallafe-wallafe-wallafen Soviet shine Alexander Blok, wanda ya rubuta rubutun "Sha biyu" a cikin waɗannan shekarun.

Litattafan Rasha na karni na 20 shine wakilci uku ne: ainihin hakikanin tarihi, wallafe-wallafen littattafan zamani da zamani, wanda kowannensu ya rabuwa a cikin hanyoyi da yawa. Sabili da haka, zamani ya kafa tushe don ci gaban acmeism da alama. Fice wakilan karshen su ne: Valery Bryusov, Konstantin Balmont, Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Andrei Bely, Alexander Blok. Wadanda suka kafa harshe na Rasha sune Anna Akhmatova, Osip Mandelstam, Nikolai Gumilev.

Ɗaya daga cikin wurare mafi ban sha'awa na aikin wallafe-wallafen a cikin shekarun da suka gabata na karni na 20 shine sake farfado da siffofin raye-raye da aka manta. Creativity Aleksandra Grina ban mamaki m jirgin na fantasy da reverie. Ayyukan mawallafin mawallafin masu juyin juya hali suna rubuce a cikin sakon na musamman, sabon romanticism na proletariat. Mawallafi Nechaev, Privalov, Tarasov a cikin labarun su, suna kira kuma suna tafiya da zane-zane, suna ƙara musu launuka mai haske wanda ke nuna haske, hasken rana, faɗuwar rana, alfijiri.

Tun da farkon na Great Patriotic War, da yawa Soviet marubuta bayyana a fagen fama. Ayyukan wannan lokacin sun rubuta a cikin harshe mai haske, babban ra'ayi shine gwagwarmaya da fasikanci. Ya kamata a lura da waƙar fata na Akhmatova, Tvardovsky, Tikhonov. A lokacin yakin, masu marubuta sun juya zuwa ga mafi yawan ayyukan wallafe-wallafen: rubutun, labaru, rahotanni da litattafai.

Labarun rukunin Rasha na rabin rabin karni na 20 shine wakilcin da dama ke wakilta, wanda aka haifar da shi sosai: Stalinism, "thaw", stagnation, perestroika. Litattafan wallafe-wallafen Rasha sun fuskanci matsala masu yawa a hanyarsa, a wasu lokutan suna fuskantar tsaro, a wasu lokuta suna kusan dukkanin su. A yau an san wallafe-wallafen rukunin Rasha na karni na 20 a duk faɗin duniya, ana karanta littattafai na Soviet zuwa ƙasashen waje, an cire su ta hanyar fina-finai, suna yin wasan kwaikwayon a wasan kwaikwayon. Mutumin taba karanta a cikin rayuwar ayyukan Solzhenitsyn, Sholokhov, Bulgakov, da gaske rasa mai girma da yawa ...