A Brief History of Rasha adabi

Kowane al'umma ko wata al'umma, kasa, ko wuri - ta al'adu tarihi. A manyan kashi na al'adun gargajiya da kuma Monuments na adabi - art na kalma. Wannan shi nuna irin rayuwar da kuma rayuwar wani musamman al'umma, da wanda daya zai iya gane yadda wadannan mutane rayu a baya ƙarni, kuma ko da millennia. Saboda haka, watakila, masana kimiyya suka yi ĩmãni da adabi mafi muhimmanci tarihi da kuma al'adu tunawa.

Tarihi na Rasha adabi

Ba da togiya ba, amma, wani tabbaci na sama - Rasha mutane. A tarihin Rasha adabi yana da dogon tarihi. Tun zuwan rubuta da harshen a Rasha ya kasance fiye da shekara dubu. Masu bincike da masana kimiyya daga kasashen da dama da aka karatu shi a matsayin sabon abu, da kuma sarari misali na fi'ili art - jama'a da kuma mawallafin. Wasu 'yan kasashen waje ko musamman nazarin Rasha harshen, kuma ya ba a dauke mafi sauki a duniya!

periodization

A bisa ga al'ada, da tarihi na Rasha adabi ne zuwa kashi da dama lokaci. Wasu daga cikin su ne quite lengthy lokaci. Wasu - mafi dunkule. Bari mu bincika su daki-daki.

Doliteraturny lokaci

Kafin tallafi na Kristanci (Olga a 957, Vladimir a 988) a Rasha babu rubuta harshe. Matsayin mai mulkin, idan ya zama dole, mu yi amfani da Girkanci, Latin, da Yahudanci. Don zama mafi daidai, ta kasance, ko da a cikin arna sau, amma a cikin nau'i na dashes ko cuts a kan katako, da sandunansu, ko tags (da ake kira: fasali, cuts), amma wallafe-wallafen ayyuka a an kiyaye su. Works (labaru, songs, epics - kagaggun) daukar kwayar cutar baki.

tsohon Rasha

Wannan lokaci da aka gudanar daga 11th to 17th karni - quite lokaci mai tsawo. A tarihin Rasha adabi na ba lokaci ya hada da addini da kuma wadanda mutane (tarihi) texts Kiev, sa'an nan - Moscow Rasha. Sananne misalai na adabi halittar: "The Life of Boris da Gleb", "A Tale of bygone Years" (11-12 karni), "Lay," "The Legend of Mamay", "Zadonshchina" - ya bayyana lokaci na zalunci, da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

18th karni

Wannan lokaci masana tarihi kira - "Rasha ilimi". Dalili na gargajiya shayari kuma litattafan sa irin wannan babban halittawa da kuma malamai, kamar yadda Lomonosov, Fonvizin, Derzhavin da Karamzin. Matsayin mai mulkin, su aiki ne multifaceted kuma ba a iyakance ba zuwa daya a adabi, da kuma kara zuwa kimiyya, da kuma wasu siffofin art. A wallafe-wallafen harshen cewa lokaci kadan wuya a gane, tun da shi yana amfani da m siffofin magani. Amma wannan ba ya daina dauki hotunan da kuma ra'ayoyin na babban malamai na zamaninsa. Saboda haka Lomonosov kullum nemi kawo canji da harshen adabi, su sa shi cikin harshen falsafa da kuma kimiyya, bayar da shawarwari rapprochement tsakanin wallafe-wallafen harshen da jama'a siffofin.

A tarihin Rasha adabi na karni na 19th

Wannan lokaci a Rasha adabi - da "zinariya shekaru." A wannan lokaci, adabi, tarihi, Rasha harshen fita a duniya mataki. Duk wannan ya faru saboda da reformist baiwa na Pushkin, wanda aka zahiri gabatar a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum na Rasha wallafe-wallafen harshen, kamar yadda muka saba wa tunani. Griboyedov da Lermontov, litattafan Gogol da Turgenev, Tolstoy da Chekhov, Dostoevsky da yawa wasu marubuta sun sanya wannan zinariya keji. A wallafe-wallafen ayyukan halitta da su, har abada shigo duniya na art magana.

azurfa shekaru

Wannan lokaci ne wajen short tsawon lokaci - kawai 'yan shekaru daga 1890 zuwa 1921. Amma a cikin wannan m lokaci na yaƙe-yaƙe da kuma juyin juya hali, akwai mai iko flowering na Rasha shayari, akwai m gwaje-gwajen a art a general. Blok da Bryusov, Gumilev da Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva da Mayakovsky, Yesenin da Gorky, Bunin da Kuprin - mafi m wakilan.

Soviet zamanin da kuma na zamani sau

Tun bayan rikicin da Tarayyar Soviet, 1991, shekara Dates baya ga ƙarshen Soviet lokaci. Kuma daga shekarar 1991 zuwa yau - da latest lokaci, wanda ya riga ya ba Rasha adabi sabon da ban sha'awa ayyuka, amma shi sosai da sosai, watakila, zai yi hukunci da zuriyarsa.