"Yarinyar Afghanistan" tare da idanu mai duhu shine alama ce ta wahala na dukan ƙarni na mata da yara

Wannan Afghanistan mace ya zama sanannen godiya ga daukar hoto Steve McCurry, ɗaukar hoto na ta fuskar lõkacin da ta kasance har yanzu wata yarinya. Ya faru a lokacin yakin Soviet-Afghanistan, lokacin da Gula ke cikin sansanin 'yan gudun hijira a iyakar Pakistan.

An haifi ta kusan a 1972. Me yasa irin wannan kwanan wata? Game da wannan kuma game da wace irin yarinyar Afghanistan da idanu masu duhu, game da abubuwan da suka shafi Afghanistan a karshen shekarun 70 da farkon 80, zaka iya gano wannan labarin.

Game da daukar hoto

Hoton da mutane da ake kira "Girl Girl Girl" suka karbi shahararren. A wani lokacin ana kwatanta shi da hoto mai suna Mona Lisa, masanin wasan kwaikwayo Leonardo da Vinci, saboda haka ana kiran shi "Afghan Mona Lisa".

Photo m yarinya da wani abin mamaki sokin idanu na sabon abu kore idanu ya lokaci mai tsawo da abu na hankali na dukan jama'a.

Mene ne yarinyar Afghanistan ke tunani game da hoton? Menene a idanunta? Rikici, tsoro ko fushi? Dubi fuskar wannan yarinyar, kowane lokaci zaka iya gano wa kanka wani sabon abu. Wannan shine asirin shahararren daukar hoto. Yarinyar yarinyar tana kasancewa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar mutanen da suka gan shi, saboda yana dauke da rikici.

Ya zama wata alama ce ta matsala ta 'yan gudun hijirar Afghanistan. McCarry kansa ya ce shekaru 17 da suka wuce babu kusan wata rana da bai karbi kowane sakon lantarki, wasika, da sauransu ba, game da aikinsa. Mutane da yawa suna so su taimaki yarinyar, aika kudi ko tallafi. Suna fatan da auren ita.

Hoton da aka yi ta yadu da aka wallafa shi: a kan gidan kasidu, posters, a mujallu, da dai sauransu. Mafi yawan wallafe-wallafe da aka yi amfani da hotuna a kan mujallun mujallu. Koda a kan T-shirts akwai kwafi tare da hoton.

Afghan girl Sarbat Gula: asali, ma'anar sunan

An rubuta yawancin tarihin yarinyar. Ta hanyar kasa, Sharbat wata Afghan ne (Pashtunka). Ba ta san ainihin ranar haihuwa ba, kamar shekara, domin ita marayu ce. Bayan da iyalinta suka mutu, an aika ta zuwa sansanin 'yan gudun hijira Pakistan Nasir Bagh. Tun daga wannan lokacin ba ta koyi karatu, amma ta iya rubuta sunanta.

Wata yarinyar Afghanistan ta yi aure a karshen shekarun 1980 don wani mai burodi mai sauƙin Ramat Gul kuma ya dawo tare da iyalinta a 1992 zuwa Afghanistan. A cikin duka, Sharbat yanzu tana da 'ya'ya 3: Robin, Alia da Zahid. Akwai kuma 'yar ta 4, amma ta mutu ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwa. Matar tana fatan 'ya'yanta, idan sun kwatanta da ita, za su samu ilimi mai kyau, koyon karatu da rubutu. Sharbat kanta ba ta da damar yin hakan. Yanzu tana da shekaru 40.

Wannan mata ba ta yi tsammanin cewa ta zama sananne ba, ta yaya ta rubuta game da yadda ya sa ido. Duk da haka, bisa ga labarunta, an yi hoto akan wani mutumin da ke cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa. Ba ta sake yin aiki a cikin rayuwa ba, musamman a cikin shekara guda bayan wannan sanannen harbi sai ta fara saka labule.

Sunan yarinyar Afghanistan (Sharbat Gula) a cikin fassarar ma'anar "fure sherbet".

Ƙananan game da marubucin hoto

Wannan hotunan ya sanya wani masani ne a sana'arsa, dan jarida-mai daukar hoto Steve McCurry a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira a Pakistan (Nasir Bagh).

A 1984, Steve McCurry (National Geographic), tare da Debray Denker, sun tattara duk wani abu game da yakin Soviet-Afghanistan. Su, bayan sun shiga Afghanistan, suka ziyarci sansanin 'yan gudun hijirar, wanda a kan iyakokin Afghanistan da Pakistani sun kasance babbar. Mai daukar hoto ya yi tunani ne a kan halin da 'yan gudun hijira ke ciki game da mata da yara.

A shekara ta 1985, an gabatar da wata mata mai shekaru 13 a Afghanistan a kan murfin daya daga cikin mujallu (National Geographic).

Tarihin daukar hoto

Da safe, mai daukar hoto McCarrie, yana tafiya a sansanin Nasir Bagh, ya ga alfarwa inda akwai makarantar. Ya tambayi malami don izini don hotunan ɗaliban ɗaliban (akwai kusan 20 daga cikinsu). Ta bar ni.

Hankali ya jawo hankalin yarinya. Ya tambaya game da malaminta. Ta ce yarinyar da sauran dangi sun kasance suna tafiya cikin makwanni da dama a cikin duwatsu bayan wutar lantarki ta kauyensu. A halin yanzu, ƙananan yarinyar tana fama da wahala lokacin wanzar da wannan halin, saboda ta rasa mutane mafi kusa da ita.

McCarrie ta yi hoto kan yarinyar Afghanistan Gula (sunansa bai fahimta ba) a launi mai launi, kuma ba tare da ƙarin haske ba.

Wannan "hotunan hoto" ya ɗauki 'yan mintocin kawai. Kuma bayan da ya dawo Birnin Washington ne McCurry ya fahimci abin da ya yi ban mamaki. Shirye-shiryen hotunan hoto (wanda aka riga aka tsara) ya yi ta wakili na Jojiya (Marietta).

Hoton ya kasance da matuƙar zuciya da wuya a ga cewa mai rubutun hoto na National Geographic mai wallafa ba ya so ya yi amfani da shi a farkon, amma a ƙarshe ya sanya shi a kan mujallar mujallar tare da sa hannu "Afghan girl".

Life of Sharbat a yau

Halin da jaruntakar jaridar ta shahara ta kasance ba ta sani ba har dogon lokaci. Bayan da McCarry ya sake sake bincikensa a shekara ta 2002, an bayyana wani abu game da irin matakan da ya fuskanta.

Life Sharbat yana da wuya. Ta auri yana da shekaru 13 (bisa ga tunaninta, kuma mijinta ya gaskata cewa a 16). Kowace rana kafin fitowar rana da kuma bayan faɗuwar rana, ta yi addu'a kullum. Kowace kullun yana aiki a cikin gida na gida: yana ɗauke da ruwa daga rafi, ya share, shirya abinci, kula da 'ya'yansa. Ma'anar rayuwarta ita ce yara.

Mijinta, Rahmat Gul, yana zaune mafi yawa a garin Peshevan, inda akwai wani abincin burodi inda yake samun kuɗi kaɗan.

Duk da haka akwai matsala mai tsanani da kiwon lafiya. Sharbat ba shi da lafiya tare da asma, kuma wannan bai yarda ta zauna a cikin birnin ba. Zai fi kyau a duwatsu. Tana zaune tare da iyalinta a cikin mafi yawan kabilanci (Pashtun), wanda a wani lokaci ya kafa kashin baya na kungiyar Taliban.

Afghan girl game da kanta da game da waɗannan abubuwan

A 2002, jagorancin Steve McCurry, an kafa wata tawagar daga mujalllar National Geographic don neman yarinyar kanta (kafin wannan, akwai wasu bincike).

Sabili da haka, ba da daɗewa ba an ɗauki sabon hoton, amma ya riga ya girma Sharbat: a cikin dogon riguna, burka da mace tare da hawan tayi (tare da izinin mijinta). Bugu da ƙari, ruwan tabarau ya kama idanun wata yarinyar Afghanistan, wanda ya tsufa.

A ra'ayinta, ta tsira bisa ga nufin Allah. Ta yi imanin cewa, iyalinta a ƙarƙashin Taliban sun rayu fiye da yadda ake kaiwa bombings.

Har ila yau, ta ce Amirkawa na rushe rayukan su, kamar yadda Rasha ta karya. Mutane, a cikin ra'ayi, sun gaji da yaƙe-yaƙe, haɗuwa da jini. Da zarar kasar ta sami sabon shugaban, mutanen Afganistan suna sa zuciya ga mafi kyau, mai haske, amma duk lokacin da aka yaudare su kuma sun damu.

Har ila yau, Sharbat ya nuna rashin jin daɗi tare da hotunan yara kamar haka: kuna gani a nan an harbe shi a cikin wani shawl tare da rami, wadda take tunawa, yayin da ta kone ta a kan kuka.

Kammalawa

Kyakkyawar fuskar fuskar yarinyar da ita tana kallon kallon abin da ke cikin hanzari tare da ƙarfin hali, haƙuri da mutunci. Kodayake yake bayyane cewa ita matalauta ce, tana da mutunci da ƙarfin gaske. Kuma mafi mahimmanci, a idanunsa, za ku ga dukan nauyin shan wahala da azabtarwa cewa sauƙi, dogon wahalar da al'ummar Afghanistan ke sha wahala.