Soviet masanin kimiyya, daya daga cikin masu kafa ƙwayoyin cosmonaut Yuri Kondratyuk: ilimin lissafi, nasarori da kuma abubuwan mai ban sha'awa

Yuri Kondratyuk - masanin kimiyya na USSR tare da White Guard baya. Ya haife shi a 1897, ranar 9 ga Yuni. A farkon karni na 20, ya kirkiro yanayin mafi kyau na jirgin zuwa wata - hanyar Kondratyuk. Daga bisani, NASA yayi amfani da lissafi a cikin shirin Apollo. Bari muyi la'akari da abin da Yuri Kondratyuk ya shahara.

Tarihi daga haihuwa zuwa rabuwar

Gaskiyar sunan masanin kimiyya mai fice a nan gaba ya bambanta. Yuri Kondratyuk shine rubutun Alexander Ignatievich Shargey. An haife shi ne a Poltava, a cikin iyalin Jamusanci Russia da Rasha da Bayahude suka tuba zuwa Katolika. Babbar kakan shi ne Anton Andreevich Shlippenbach, wanda ya shiga cikin Warrior Patriotic na 1812.

Alexander ya yi amfani da yaro a cikin gidan kakarsa da mijinta na biyu. Ta kasance ungozoma, kuma shi likita ne na zemstvo, kuma daga bisani ya zama shugaban sashin na uku na ɗakin ajiya. Lokacin da yaron ya kasance shekara daya, mahaifinsa ya tafi Jamus, zuwa Darmstadt, don yin karatu a Makarantar Kasuwanci Mafi Girma. Bayan wani lokaci, mahaifiyar ta fara rashin lafiya ta jiki, wadda ta haifar da sanya ta a asibiti kusa da ƙauyen. Ƙananan Budishchi. A nan ta shafe sauran rayuwarta.

A 1903 mahaifinsa ya ɗauki ɗansa zuwa St. Petersburg. A nan Elena Petrovna Giberman ya shiga cikin iyalinsu. Ita 'yar wata sanannen likitan ilimin likitancin rayuwa kuma mai fassara magunguna na PI Lurie-Giberman. A cikin shekara ta 1907, Alexander ya shiga gidan motsa jiki a kan tsibirin Vasil'svesky. A 1910 da aka haife shi da rabin 'yar'uwar Nina. A wannan shekara, mahaifinsa ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani. Alexander ya koma gidanta.

Daga 1910 zuwa 1916 ya samu a karo na biyu digiri a cikin Na biyu Poltava dakin motsa jiki, da kuma kammala karatunsa tare da wata lambar azurfa. Bayan kammala horo, Alexander ya shiga makarantar Petrograd Polytechnic, sashen aikin injiniya (yanzu - St. Petersburg Polytechnic State University). Duk da haka, a watan Nuwamba 1916, an sake shi zuwa makarantar sakandare ta hanyar yin rajista. Kafin mulkin demokuradiyya a cikin bazara na shekarar 1918, ya shiga cikin fadace-fadace a gaban Turkiya. Da yake kasancewa jami'in mayakan tsarist, bayan juyin juya halin 1917, ya tattara a cikin sojojin White, amma ya gudu.

Bayan kama Kakakin Red Army Kiev, Alexander yayi ƙoƙari ya tafi kasashen waje a kafa. Amma an tsare shi kuma ya dawo. A karkashin tsoron farfadowa da ita ta baya tare da taimakon mahaifiyar Elena Giberman ya sami sabon takardun. Daga wannan lokacin da ya zama Yuriem Vasilevichem Kondratyukom, haife shi a shekarar 1900 a gundumar Lutsk. A cewar wadannan takardun, ya rayu lokacin da ya rage.

Na farko aikin aiki

Daga 1921 zuwa 1927, Yuri Kondratyuk yayi aiki a Kuban, Kudancin Ukraine, Arewacin Caucasus. A nan ya kasance mai laushi, mai tuƙi don wajan dawakai, injiniya mai hawa. A shekara ta 1927, ya koma Siberiya saboda barazanar da Cheka ya yi. Yana da sauƙi don ɓoye a karkashin sunan ƙarya. A Novosibirsk, Yuri Kondratyuk ya shirya wa kamfanin "Hleboprodukt." A nan ya kamata ya shiga aikin ginawa da kuma inganta hawan hawan. A wannan lokaci ne ya gina sanannen "Mastodon" - wani dutse, wanda aka tsara don ton dubu 13. An gina tsarin ba tare da ƙusa ɗaya ba. A wannan lokaci, Yuri Kondratyuk ya ziyarci Biysk a lokuta da yawa. A nan ya laccoci game da aikin sarrafawa na tsarin ajiya.

Kotun

A halin yanzu, gudanar da kamfani "Hleboprodukt" ya yi shakkar gaskiyar "Mastodon", wanda Yuri Kondratyuk ya kirkiro. An kama shi akan zargin kisa a 1930, Yuli 30. Gudanarwa na kamfanin ya firgita cewa marubucin wannan aikin ba wai kawai ya yi amfani da kusoshi ba, amma bai ma yin zane ba. A sakamakon haka, an yanke hukuncin Yuri Kondratyuk akan shekaru uku a sansanin. "Mastodon" ya tsaya har tsawon shekaru 60 kuma an hallaka shi a tsakiyar 90 na wuta.

Sabon Ayyuka

A halin yanzu, an maye gurbin sansanin a cikin ofishin musamman na No. 14, wanda aka kafa a Novosibirsk, don masu aikin injiniya. A nan an ci gaba da bunkasa ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki. Yuri Kondratyuk ya shiga cikin wannan aikin. Tarihinsa ya cika da abubuwan ban mamaki. Saboda haka, yana aiki a cikin aiki na No. 14, ya gudanar don samun takardar shaidar haƙƙin mallaka da kuma patent a fagen aikin ma'adinai da kayan hakar ma'adinai. Bugu da ƙari, ya wallafa wasu ƙididdiga akan matsaloli na musamman. Daga cikin su shine haɓakawa da haɓakawa na hakar ma'adinai a cikin kayan aiki na shinge-shinge da gyare-gyare, haɗin ƙarfin ƙarfafa, da sauransu.

Tashar iska ta iska

Yayinda akwai ofishin na musamman, an gudanar da gasar don samar da zane don wannan shigarwa. Yuri Kondratyuk ya fahimci yanayin. Ya gudanar da aikin aikin gona a cikin mawallafi tare da Gorchakov. Bayan ɗan lokaci, Nikitin, mahaliccin gidan talabijin na Ostankino, ya shiga aikin. An kammala hotunan ne a watan Nuwambar 1932. Mawallafin bayan an gajeren lokaci sun sami izinin tafiya zuwa babban birnin. A gasar, aikin su shine mafi kyau. A shekara ta 1933, a lokacin da ake zargin kamfanin Commissariat na masana'antu, Kondratyuk ya sake fitowa daga fitarwa. Da na gaba 1934 an kaddamar da hoton gonakin iska. Ginin kafuwar shigarwa ya fara ne a 1937 a kan Mount Ai-Petri. Duk da haka, riga a cikin shekara ta gaba, 1938, an dakatar da ayyukan saboda ƙin gina gine-gine mai tsananin iska. A cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa Kondratyuk ya tsara ƙananan gonaki masu gwaji.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa

Yayin da yake aiki a kan zane-zane na wutar lantarki, kwarewar da Kondratyuk Yuri Vasilievich ke da shi, wani tarihin rayuwa, nasarorin da suka samu shi ne SP Koroleva. Ƙarshen yana da ƙidaya akan hadin gwiwa. Duk da haka, Kondratyuk Yuri bai yarda da wannan tsari ba. Bisa ga wannan fassarar, ya nuna rashin amincewa da wasu takardun da suka shafi aiki a kan gine-ginen iska. Bisa ga wasu tushe, dalilin shi ne cewa ayyukan da suka danganci ayyukan soja sun kasance mai sarrafawa ta hanyar NKVD. A cikin hali na tabbaci iya bude whiteguard da kuma gaskiyar na gurbata da takardun. Sakamakon zai iya zama mai tsanani.

Kasancewa a yakin duniya na biyu

A sosai farkon yakin, Yuri Kondratyuk soja kurum marar a cikin mayakan a matsayin mai sa kai. An hade shi a cikin rukunin Rifle na 2 na Ƙungiyar Moscow ta 21 na Kiev District, a kamfanin sadarwa, ma'aikacin tarho. A cikin Oktoba 1941, ɗayan ya fito daga kewaye. Bayan haka, Kondratyuk ya yi aiki a cikin kamfanin da aka haɗu da 47th Infantry Regiment na 194th Division. Bayan wannan, shi ne kwamandan kungiyar da kuma rabuwa na 1st Battalion, wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na kaddamarwar 2 na Sojan Yamma na 49. Kamar yadda rikodin "Memory Books" Yuri Kondratyuk (Yuriy Kondratyuk) aka kashe a 1942, Fabrairu 25. An binne shi a yankin Orel, kusa da ƙauyen Krivtsovo.

Wanda ya kafa cosmonautics

Yuri Kondratyuk na tsawon shekarun aikinsa ya samar da ayyuka da yawa. Saboda haka, ko da kuwa Tsiolkovsky, ya iya samun daidaitattun hanyar jirgin missile ta hanya ta asali. Bugu da ƙari, Kondratyuk ya ba da bayanin da kuma zane na shigarwa hudu a kan oxygen-hydrogen man fetur, wani ɗigon ginin sulhu, wani ɗakin wuta a cikin wani injiniya tare da kwarewa da sauran kayan aiki na nozzles da yawa. Duk wannan ya fito cikin littafinsa "Wadanda zasu karanta don gina" a 1919.

Manyan Ayyuka

A cikin aikinsa Kondratyuk ya ce:

1. Aiwatar da motsawar yanayi yayin amfani da buguri yayin rami don ajiye man fetur.
2. Don kawo jirgin a cikin tafiya zuwa sauran taurari zuwa sifa na tauraron dan adam. Don dasa mutumin da kuma mayar da shi zuwa tashar don amfani da ƙananan shafin yanar gizon. An shirya wannan tsari a shirin Apollo.
3. Yi amfani da filin ƙaddamarwa ta hanyar haɗuwa da jikin jikin jiki don overclocking ko ruɗuwa a yayin jirgin sama tare da tsarin hasken rana. An kira wannan tsari "haɓakawa."

A cikin wannan aikin, Kondratyuk yayi la'akari da yiwuwar yin amfani da makamashin hasken rana don sarrafa wutar lantarki a kan jirgin sama, kuma ya sanya manyan madubai a cikin ƙasa mai kusa da ƙasa don haskaka yanayin duniya.

Na biyu aiki

A shekara ta 1929 ya kafa littafi a kan cin nasara na sararin samaniya. A ciki, Kondratyuk ya tsara jerin sassan farko na nazarin sararin samaniya, wanda ya bayyana a farkon aikinsa. Sabili da haka, a cikin sabon littafin marubucin ya ba da shawarar samar da samfurori a cikin ƙasa mai kusa da ƙasa tare da taimakon wani makami mai linzamin kwamfuta-tsarin. Yau, ana amfani da wannan hanyar a cikin nau'i na sufuri na sufuri na "Ci gaba". Har ila yau, a cikin littafin Kondratyuk, ya bincika tambayoyi game da tanadar wutar lantarki ta sararin samaniya a yayin yunkurin su a yanayin.

Memory

An yi ƙoƙari don mayar da sunan mai suna Yuri Kondratyuk, abokin aikinsa da abokin soja, kuma daga bisani ya zama masanin injiniya na ofishin. Lavochkin BI Romanenko. Bayan da ya yi ritaya, ya ci gaba da yin 'yar jaridar "interplanetary". Don tunawa da nasarorin da Kondratyuk ya samu, an halicci mutane da yawa, ana kiran tituna, an ba da kuɗin jubili. Don haka, an saka wuraren tunawa a Poltava, a Komsomolsk (a kusa da makaranta). A cikin yankin Krylovsky na Yankin Krasnodar, a cikin Art. Oktoba, aka gina Kundratyuk Memorial Museum. Tun 1992, an kira sunansa Novosibirsk Aerospace Lyceum. A Novosibirsk da Kiev akwai tituna Kondratyuk. A karshen, daya daga cikin gidajen da aka shigar da wani abin tunawa plaque. A cikin Ukraine, a lokacinsa, an kafa magoya bayanan. Yu Y. Kondratyuk. A shekarar 1997, an ba da sunansa ga Jami'ar Poltava. Yanzu shi ne Cibiyar Harkokin Kasa ta Kasa. Yu Y. Kondratyuk. A shekara ta 1970, an kira sunan daya daga cikin masu tsinkaye a gefe na Moon. A cikin Rasha - Moscow - akwai titin. Kondratyuk, wanda shine wani ɓangare na hadaddun wuraren intracity da aka keɓe don bincike na sararin samaniya. Har zuwa 1965 an kira wannan titin ne na 2nd Novostankinsky. A shekarar 1997, an ba da wata tsabar kudin jubili a cikin Ukraine, kuma a 2007 - zane-zane guda biyu tare da sunan Kondratyuk. Hanyar da aka sadaukar da shi ga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar adadi kuma a Rubtsovsk. Anan yana daya daga cikin masana'antu mafi tsufa don sarrafawa da adana kayayyakin hatsi. A Kamen-na-Obi, garin da aka sanannen "Mastodon" an gina, akwai titin Kondratyuk. An kafa wani abin tunawa don girmama mai zane a kan kullun. A 2012, ranar 21 ga watan Yuni, masanin binciken "Google" ya kafa alama don girmama Kondratyuk. A shekara ta 2014, ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba, an samu masanin kimiyya da zane mai ban mamaki a Alamogordo a dandalin Globalization. A Orel, dake yankin Bolkhov, a kan yankin na tunawa kusa da kauyen Krivtsovo, an kafa wata alama ce ga Kondratyuk, wanda ake zargin cewa ya mutu a nan a lokacin yakin basasa na yakin duniya na biyu.

Kammalawa

Kodayake Yuri Kondratyuk ya rigaya ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga bunkasa fasahar cosmonautics na Rasha, da gina, da kuma gina wasu sassa daban daban na kasar nan. Litattafansa sun samu aikace-aikace masu amfani ba kawai a Rasha ba, har ma a kasashen waje. Abin takaici, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata ba su da damar yin amfani da damar samar da fasaha da kimiyya. Duk da haka, Kondratyuk ya gudanar da ayyukan da yawa wanda ya bar wata alama a tarihin gida. Ya bambanta ta hanyar tunani mai kyau, mai girma makamashi, mummunan hali ga duk abin da ya yi. Romanenko ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gyarawa da tunaninsa. A yawancin lokuta ya gode masa da yawa daga bayanan Kondratyuk ya zama sananne. Romanenko ya wallafa littafin da aka ba da shi ga rayuwar da aikin abokin aikinsa da abokinsa. Idan ba don mutuwarsa ba a cikin fadace-fadace na Batutuwan Kasa da Kasa, tabbas duniya za ta koyi game da sabon binciken da nasarori na Yuri Vasilyevich Kondratyuk. Yawancin ci gaba da aka yi amfani da shi a yanzu.