"Night Witches". A exploits na Soviet matukan jirgi Tatiana Makarova

Sau biyu a shekara - May 2 da 8 Nuwamba - a Bolshoi wasan kwaikwayo a Moscow a wurin shakatawa a can ne Tsohon soji na almara 46th Guards rajimanti. Su tunãtarwa sunayen su matattu yan'uwansu, kuma abokai, har da masoyi da ɗaukaka Tatiana Makarova. Tun daga shekarar 1960 Marsh Street, inda ta rayu Tatyana Makarova - Hero na Tarayyar Soviet, shi aka sake masa suna a cikin ta girmamawa, amma sai ya koma. Aka yanke shawarar zuwa suna da titi sunan sabon gundumar na Moscow. A cikin archives na kwamitin tsakiya na Komsomol har yanzu tserar wasu da haruffa.

Tatiana Makarova: biography

Tatiana da aka haife shi a Moscow a 1920, 25 Satumba, a wani sauki iyali ma'aikaci. A farko, ta sauke karatu daga "shekaru bakwai" sakandare № 12, sa'an nan a cikin shekara ta 1939, koya a kwalejin masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci. Duk da free lokaci kishin Makarova aeroklubnomu MUG da zarar ya fara aiki a matsayin malami matukin jirgi.

The yaki ya barke, da kuma Tatiana a cikin kaka na 1941 shiga cikin sahu na Soviet Army. A shekarar 1942, wannan jarumi yarinya ci gaba ta karatu a jirgin sama makaranta darussa a birnin Engels. Ta zama memba na fada don Crimean sashin, Arewa Caucasus, Belarus da kuma Poland.

Tatiana shi ne kwamandan na 46th Guards m rajimanti. A lissafi na Guard Lieutenant T. Makarova 628 sorties. Yana kika aika 96 ton na bama-bamai halakar Zenith aya 2, 2 mararraba, biyu ajiya na ammonium. Duk wannan ya muhimmanci ga Jamus. Aka kashe ta, tare da budurwa - Vera Belik.

mafarki

Tatiana Makarova (photo na ta gabatar a wannan labarin) daga yara da mafarkinsa na zama wani matukin jirgi. Ta ƙaunar tsalle tare da wani laima, shi ne karfi da janyo hankalin sama, da kuma ta gaske ya so ya tashi. Mahaifinta gane ba wadannan biases nezhenskih yar. Duk da haka, wani karfi da kuma m mace a shekaru 19 ya samu kansa wani sabon sana'a, ya zama wani matukin jirgi na sifirin jiragen sama, da aka tsunduma a cikin koyarwa yi da kuma horar da matasa cadets.

Tun da farkon yakin Flying kulob sake ba da soja jirgin makaranta, da kuma Makarov aka retrained a wani soja matukin jirgi. Wannan sana'a ya ba da sauki, amma mai haƙuri, kuma m yarinya ya iya shawo kan matsaloli.

Yarantaka Tatiana Makarova

Ya kamata a lura da cewa yara ta ya da nisa daga cloudless. Tatiana Makarova mahaifinsa kuwa naƙasasshe yakin duniya na kuma yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin gidan waya. Ya kasance sau da yawa rashin lafiya, sa'an nan kuma mahaifiyata aka tsunduma a spaced-mail. Tatiana wani sosai m da aiki, don ta kaunace takwarorina.

Tatiana tafi yaki na dogon lokaci ba tare da tunanin, kuma suka bauta wa a 46th sufurin jiragen sama rajimanti. Duniya tarihi bai sani ba analogs halin da ake ciki inda da dukan da rajimanti kunshi komai ba sai mata. Fama manufa da suka yi a kan haske-winged U-2. rundunar kwamishinan kira su "samaniya Amazons", suka yi yaƙi a kan daidai da kuma wani lokacin har ma fiye da maza. Suka "jefar da Gauntlet" to maza, kuma aka qaddamar da Tatiana. Ta aka mutunta a cikin soja abokai, ta dogara, ta jirgin aka girmama. Jamus suka ji tsoro daga gare su, kuma aka kira "dare mayu".

Da zarar sun tattara zuwa ga kwaruruka na Caucasus, da mutuwa da abokai bai karya da morale na matukan jirgin, amma kawai more sõyayya. A Assinovskaya, an umurce breasted dage domin Grozny da Orjonikidze. The Nazis bai sami damar zuwa Soviet mai sansanonin. Dare flights akwai mutane da dama. A 'yan mata ya tashi a karkashin taken: "Kai mutu, kuma ka tsĩrar da ku aboki!" The yanayi sun wuya sosai, makiyan sau da yawa makantar Haske.

juna

Gogaggen dan rajimanti da Hero na Tarayyar Soviet Mikhail Chechneva tuna cewa wata rana Tatiana jirgin sama da aka buga da guguwa na wuta, shi ba zai yiwu ya tsere daga makantar floodlights, amma zo da ceto rundujar soja masu dawaki kwamandan AMOSOVA. Ta tafi zuwa ga picket searchlight shigarwa da kuma kusan rasa iko kamar yadda bounced karfi. A daya gefen wasu daga haske jefa wani bam, shi ne a lokacin karkatar da Nazis, kuma duk da matukan jirgi a amince ceto. Irin wannan m, kuma m lokacin da suka samu sau da yawa a kowane yaƙi.

Da zarar Makarova, buga duk a raga, ta samu kai tsaye hit, amma ya iya jimre da na'ura da kuma ajiye ƙungiya. A watan Satumba 1942 K. A. Vershinin, Janar na 4th Air Army, bayar da Tatiana Order of Red Banner, da sauran na ta abokai aka kuma girmama tare da wannan lambar yabo.

A Janairu 1943, su 588 th m rajimanti aka sake masa suna da 46th Guards.

Kuma a sa'an nan akwai kwata 'yanci na Stavropol, Novorossisk, Feodosia, Taman (af, domin wannan rajimanti aka bai wa lakabi na girmamawa - Taman). Sai rajimanti aka koma zuwa Belarus. Bayyana kuma marshy gandun daji da kusan babu manyan duwãtsu. Tatiana ya riga kwamandan, ta na da mabiyansa da almajiransa. Ta bai hana kanta da kuma sanya 8-9 sorties kowane dare. A shekarar 1944 ta bayar da wata biyu Order of Red Banner, sa'an nan da Order of Patriotic War na art.

ƙaddara

A daya daga cikin sorties a Poland a gundumar birnin Ostrolenka Agusta 25, 1944 Tatiana da kuma ta navigator Vera ne mai girma dawo bayan nasara harin bom. A dawowar hanya na su bisa ga abke, kama da farmaki maƙiyi jirgin saman soja. Tatiana Makarova jirgin kama da wuta, sa'an nan da matukan jirgi ya tashi ba tare da parachutes (gare su shi ne mafi alhẽri ya dauki kara ƙarin payloads). Saboda haka gudun hijira da wani damar.

Ta jiki da aka binne su a kabari birni Ostrołęka (Poland). Posthumously, ta samu title of Hero Soevstkogo Union. A Moscow akwai Tatiana Makarova Museum a 6th radial, 10.