Slavs - wanda shi ne wannan? A tarihin da camfin da Slavs

A cikin tarihi na Slavs yawa farin spots, da sa da yawa zamani "masana" a kan tushen da hasashe da kuma unproven facts to sa a gaba mafi dama theories game da asalin da kuma samuwar jihar na Slavic mutane. ko da manufar "Slav" ne sau da yawa fahimci da kuma daukan matsayin more ta a maimaikon "Rasha". Bugu da ƙari, akwai wani ra'ayi cewa Slav - wata kasa. Duk wannan rikice.

Su wane ne Slavs?

Slavs sa up Turai ta most fadace-rabe-al'umma. Ciki da shi, akwai uku main kungiyoyin: Eastern Slavs (.. Watau, Rasha, Belarusians da Ukrainians), Western (Dogayen sanda, Czechs, Sorbs da Slovakia) da kuma Kudu Slavs (daga gare su za a kira Bosniaks, Serbs, Makidoniya, Croats, Bulgarians, Montenegrins, Slovenes). Slav - a ba kabila kamar yadda wata al'umma - a narrower ra'ayi. Mutane daya-daya Slavic al'ummai suka kafa gwada da marigayi, yayin da Slavs (ko kuma wajen, da tsoho Slavs) da aka kasaftawa daga Indo-Turai al'umma da kuma rabin shekara dubu BC. e. Sai da na ɗauki dama ƙarni, kuma suka yi koyi da tsoho matafiya. A nuna na zamanai Slavs aka ambata da Roman masana tarihi a matsayin "Wends": daga rubuta kafofin an san cewa Slavic kabilu sun kaddamar da yaki tare da Jamus.

An yi imani da cewa haifuwa daga Slavic (more daidai, inda suka samu a matsayin al'umma) shi ne yankin ƙasar tsakanin gabaci da kuma Vistula (wasu marubuta ce cewa tsakanin gabaci da tsakiyar hanya na Dnieper).

ethnonym

Ga shi ya sa hankalta to la'akari da tambaya akan asalin kalmar "Slav." A olden al'ummai aka sau da yawa ake kira bayan da kogin a kan wanda bankunan da suka rayu. Dnieper a zamanin da aka kira kawai "Slavutich". The sosai tushen na "girma" a iya gano a mayar da sananniyar kalma ga duk Indo kleu, ma'ana daraja ko notoriety. Akwai wani na kowa version: "Slovakia", "tslovak" da kuma kyakkyawan, "Slav" - dai kawai wani "mutum" ko "mai mutum wanda ke magana da mu da harshen." Wakilai daga cikin tsoho kabilan baki da suka yi magana da wani bakon harshe, kullum gani ba, da mutane. Kai-nadi da wasu mutane - misali, "Mansi" ko "Nenets" - a mafi yawan lokuta, yana nufin "mutumin" ko "mutum."

Tattalin arzikin. ginin zamantakewa

Slav - manomi ne. Raya ƙasar kakanninka da Slavs koya baya a cikin kwanaki lokacin da duk Indo-Turawa da na kowa harshe. A Arewa Abuja sun aikata maƙalutu-da-kuna noma a kudu - fallow. Girma gero, alkama, da sha'ir, hatsin rai, Rama da hemp. Known kayan amfanin gona: kabeji, beets, turnips. A Slavs rayu a cikin gandun daji da kuma steppe zones, don haka tsunduma da farauta da kuma apiculture, kazalika da kama kifi. Sun kuma tãyar da dabbõbin ni'ima. A Slavs aka sanya ingancin a lokacin da makamai, kumar kasko, aikin gona da kayayyakin aiki.

A farkon matakai na raya kasa na Slavs wanzu tribal al'umma, wanda a hankali ya samo asali a cikin wani makwabcin. A sakamakon da soja kamfen na commoners tsaya fitar sani. Na samu sanin ƙasar da zamantakewa tsarin da aka maye gurbinsu da mulkin gargajiya.

overall Slavic tarihi a zamanin da

A arewa na Slavs zauna gefe da gefe da Baltic da kuma Jamus kabilu a yamma - tare da Celts, a gabas - tare da Scythians da Sarmatians, kuma a kudu - tare da tsoho Makidoniya, Thracians, Illyrians. A karshen 5th karni BC. e. da suka isa Baltic da kuma Black Tekuna, kuma 8th karni kai Lake Ladoga da kuma ƙware da Balkans. By da 10th karni da Slavs shagaltar da ƙasar daga cikin Volga ga Elbe, daga Rum zuwa Baltic. Wannan hijirarsa aiki ne saboda da mamayar makiyaya daga Asiya ta tsakiya, hare-haren da makwabta-Jamusawa, kazalika da canjin yanayi a Turai: da mutum kabilan aka tilasta neman sabon asashe.

A tarihin Gabas Turai Bayyana Slavs

Eastern Slavs (magabatan zamani Ukrainians, Belarusians da kuma Rasha) zuwa ga 9th karni AD. e. Suka ɗauki ƙasar daga Carpathians zuwa tsakiyar kai na da Oka da Upper Don, daga Ladoga zuwa tsakiya Dnieper. Su mu'amala da da na gida Finno-Ugric da Baltic kasashen. Tuni a cikin 6th karni, da kananan kabilu ya fara shiga cikin ƙawance da juna, wanda alama haihuwar statehood. A shugaban kowane daga cikin kungiyar tarayyar kasance wani soja shugaban.

Names of ƙawance na kabilu an san duk na makaranta hanya na tarihi: drevlyans da vyatichi da kuma 'yan Arewa, da kuma krivichi. Amma mafi kyau da aka sani, watakila, share kuma Ilmen Slovenes. A farko rayu tare tsakiyar kai na da Dnieper da kuma kafa Kiev, karshe rayu a kan gaba na Lake Ilmen da Novgorod gina. Tashi a cikin 9th karni "hanya daga Vikings ga Helenawa" gudummawar da Yunƙurin kuma, baya, da ƙungiya daga wadannan garuruwa. Saboda haka a cikin shekara 882, akwai wani jihar na Slavs na gabashin Turai Bayyana - Rasha.

Higher mythology

Slavs ba za a iya kira tsoho mutane. Ba kamar yadda Masarawa da Indians, ba su da lokacin da za a ci gaba da ci-gaba mythological tsarin. An sani cewa cosmogonic camfin da Slavs (t. E. The camfin game da asalin na duniya) da yawa a cikin na kowa da Finno-Ugric. Sun kuma gabatar da wani kwai daga abin da "haife" duniya, da kuma biyu ducks a kan umarni na Allah mafi girma-hali silt daga kasa daga cikin teku don ƙirƙirar Terra firma. Da farko Slavs bauta Rod kuma Rozhanitsy daga baya - yake a cikin sojojin na halitta (Perun, Svarog, Mokosh Dazhdbog).

Akwai ra'ayin aljanna - Iria (Vyrii), Duniya Tree (Dube). The addini ideas na Slavs ɓullo da tare da wannan Lines kamar cewa daga cikin sauran al'umma na Turai (bayan zamanin d Slavs - shi ne Turai!): The deification na halitta mamaki da fitarwa na daya Allah. An sani cewa a cikin 10th karni BC. e. Prince Vladimir aka ƙoƙarin "daidaita" da pantheon na yin babban bautãwa Perun - ya zama majiɓinci saint da sojoji. Amma da gyara kasa, kuma sarkin ya kula da Kiristanci. Tilasta Christianization, duk da haka, ba su iya zuwa hallakar da arna ideas: Iliya Annabi suka gano da Perun, kuma da Almasihu da kuma Budurwa Maryamu fara da za a ambata a cikin ayoyin sihiri tsafi.

ƙananan mythology

Alas, da Slavic camfin game da alloli da heroes da aka ba rubuta ba. Amma wadannan mutane sun halitta mai kyau-ɓullo da ƙananan mythology, wanda haruffan - goblins, mermaids, Vampires, Zalozhnev, Bannikov, ovinnik da poludenitsy - sani a gare mu na songs, tãtsũniyõyin, karin magana. Back a farkon karni na 20th manoma gaya ethnographers game da yadda za ka kare kanka daga yanyawa da wata yarjejeniya tare da ruwa. Wasu saurã daga kafirci da rai a cikin rare hankali har yanzu.