Mene ne wani pulsar: definition, halaye da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Pulsars aka gano da hatsari, a tsakiyar 60-ies na XX karni. Wannan ya faru a lokacin da lura da rediyo nesa, wanda aka asali tsara don bincika daban-daban kafofin a shimmering zurfin unexplored sarari. Mene ne wadannan abubuwa sarari?

A gano pulsars Birtaniya bincike

A rukuni na masana kimiyya - Dzhoslin Bell, Entoni Hyuis da sauransu - gudanar da bincike a jami'ar Cambridge. Wadannan hatsaisai ake samu a kan jinkiri na 0.3 sec., Kuma su mita kasance 81,5 MHz. Sa'an nan, ilmin Taurari ba tukuna tunani game da abin da wani pulsar a gaskiya da kuma abin da yake da yanayi. Abu na farko da suka lura - yana da ban mamaki da suka samu da mita "saƙonnin". Bayan da saba flicker faru a wani m yanayin. Har ma a tsakanin masana harkokin kimiyya da aka nuna cewa, wadannan sakonni su ne shaida kokarin kai ga bil'adama na wani Extraterrestrial wayewa. ne English raguwa nufi kadan kore maza ( "kadan kore maza") - LGM sunan da aka gabatar designate su. Masu bincike suka fara yin tsanani ƙoƙari decipher da m "code", da kuma wannan janyo hankalin mashahuran kwararru-code-hutu daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Duk da haka, yunkurin kasance m.

Fiye da shekaru uku, Taurari ne 3 kama kafofin da aka samu. Kuma a sa'an nan, masana kimiyya sun lura cewa, wannan pulsar. Ya bayyana a wani bangare na sararin duniya, ba dangane da Extraterrestrial wayewar. A sa'an nan da pulsars kuma samu da sunan. Domin su samu na masana kimiyya Entoni Hyuish aka bayar da Nobel Prize a Physics.

Menene neutron taurari?

Amma duk da cewa bude wannan ya faru a dogon lokaci da suka wuce, da yawa har yanzu suna sha'awar amsar tambayar "abin ne pulsar." Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, domin ba kowa da kowa zai iya gadara da cewa a cikin makaranta ko jami'a ilmin taurari sanar a matakin qarshe. A amsar wannan tambaya: pulsar - wani neutron star, wanda aka kafa bayan an barkewar wani supernova. Kuma haka da mamaki na haƙuri a lokacin pulsation iya zama da sauƙi bayyana - cikin hanyar shi ne zaman lafiyar da juyawa daga cikin neutron taurari.

A ilmin taurari, pulsars aka kaddamarda hudu lambar lambar. Kuma na farko da biyu lambobi nuna sunan nan kowane lokaci, da kuma na gaba guda biyu - minti, wanda ke faruwa dama hawan Yesu zuwa sama lokacinta. Kuma gaba lambobi suna sanya biyu haruffa, wanda aka sauya ta da bude wuraren. A farko daga duk gano pulsars aka kira CP 1919 (ko "Cambridge Pulsar ').

quasars

Menene pulsars da quasars? Mun riga siffa cewa pulsars ne mai iko rediyo kafofin wanda radiation aka mayar da hankali a cikin mutum hatsaisai na wani mita. Quasars ne ma daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa abubuwa a duniya. Su ma musamman mai haske - wuce a ikon da sauran ƙarfi daga cikin radiation na taurari da suke kama da Milky Way. Quasars aka gano da ilmin Taurari da abubuwa da high redshift. A cewar daya daga m ka'idar, quasars - taurari a wannan farkon mataki na ci gaba, a cikin abin da akwai supermassive baki rami.

Pulsar, haske a tarihin

Daya daga cikin shahararrun daga cikin wadannan abubuwa a cikin Universe ne pulsar a cikin kaguwa Nebula. Wannan samu ya nuna cewa pulsar - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi m abubuwa a duniya.

Fashewa da wani neutron star a cikin kaguwa Nebula halin yanzu yana da ƙarfi cewa shi ba zai iya ko da ya shige a cikin zamani ka'idar astrophysics. A 1054 BC. e. a sararin haskaka Wani sabon star, wanda a yau ake kira SN 1054. A fashewa da shi aka lura ko da a cikin yini, wanda aka bokan a kasar Sin da kuma kasashen Larabawa tarihin. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa kasashen Turai bai gani da fashewa - sa'an nan da jama'a da aka haka tunawa a aikace tsakanin Paparoma da legate, Cardinal Humber cewa babu masanin cewa lokaci bai rikodin fashewa a cikin ayyukansu. A 'yan ƙarni daga baya, a shafin na fashewa da aka samu wani sabon nebula, daga baya Kwafa da kaguwa. Its discoverer, William Parsons, saboda wasu dalilai da shi tunãtar halittarsa kaguwa.

A pulsar PSR B0531 + 21 da aka fara gano a 1968, da kuma cewa pulsar ya na farko, da cewa masana kimiyya sun gano tare da kwance wani supernova. A tushen pulsation, idan hukunci mafi tsananin ba star, da kuma abin da ake kira secondary jini wadda aka kafa a cikin wani Magnetic filin juyawa tare da star breakneck gudu. A mita na juyawa daga cikin pulsar na kaguwa nebula ne sau 30 da biyu.

A samu, wanda ba ya shige cikin tsarin na zamani theories

Amma wannan pulsar ne abin mamaki ba ne kawai don hantsinta kuma mita. Kwanan nan an gano cewa, PSR B0531 + 21 fitarda rediyoaktif haskoki a cikin kewayon cewa ya wuce alamar biliyan 100 volts. Wannan lambar yana da miliyan sau mafi girma daga radiation, wanda aka yi amfani da kayan aikin likitanci, da kuma shi ne har sau goma fi da darajar da aka bayyana a cikin zamani ka'idar gamma haskoki. Martin Schroeder, American falakin, ya ce da shi wannan hanyar: "Idan biyu kawai da suka wuce, ka tambayi wata tambaya na astrophysics, wannan irin za a iya gano ko radiation za ka sami wani unambiguous" ba. " Wannan ka'idar, wanda zai iya ci gaba da mu bude gaskiya kawai ba ya wanzu. "

Menene pulsars da kuma yadda suka kafa: wani asiri na ilmin taurari

Godiya ga bincike daga cikin kaguwa Nebula pulsar, masana kimiyya da wani tunani game da yanayin da wadannan m sarari abubuwa. Yanzu za ku iya fiye ko žasa bayyananne ra'ayin abin da pulsar. Su bayyanar da aka bayyana ta da cewa da karshe mataki na ta ci gaba, wasu taurari fashe da shiga wata babbar wasan wuta nuni - akwai wani haihuwar supernova. Daga al'ada taurãri sunã suke da daraja da flash fitarwa. Just a cikin galaxy akwai game da 100 da irin wannan annobar cutar a shekara. Kamar 'yan kwanaki qara luminosity na wani supernova a cikin' yan sau miliyan.

Ba tare da togiya, duk da nebula da pulsars bayyana a wuri na supernova fashewar. Duk da haka, kiyaye pulsars iya ba duk sharan na da irin wannan wani sarari suKe jikinsu. Ya kamata ba dame ilmin taurari masoya - bayan wani pulsar za a iya lura a cikin taron cewa shi ne located a wasu kwana na juyawa. Bugu da kari, saboda su yanayi pulsars "rayuwa" fiye da nebula a cikin abin da suka suna kafa. Masana kimiyya har yanzu ba zai iya gano dalilan cewa yin chilled kuma ga alama dogon-matattu star zama mai iko tushen igiyoyin rediyo. Duk da yawan shiriritar, amsar wannan tambaya, Masana ilmin da ba a nan gaba.

Pulsars tare da guntu lokaci na juyawa

Kila, waɗanda suka yi mamaki game da abin da wani pulsar, da kuma abin da su ne latest news daga astrophysics daga wadannan wani sarari suKe abubuwa, kuma shi zai zama abin sha'awa ga sani jimlar yawan bude ranar irin taurari. Yau, masana kimiyya sani fiye da 1300 pulsars. Bugu da ƙari, wata babbar adadin - game da 90% - na wadannan taurari pulsate a cikin kewayon daga 0.1 zuwa 1 na biyu. Akwai ma pulsars da lokaci na ko da kasa - suna kira daƙiƙa. Daya daga cikin su da aka samu ta hanyar ilmin Taurari a 1982 a cikin ƙungiyar taurari Vulpecula. A lokacin da juyawa da aka sani kawai 0,00155 seconds. Schematic misali na pulsar hada da wani juyawa axis, Magnetic filin da igiyoyin rediyo.

Irin wannan short juyawa lokaci na pulsars, da kuma yi aiki a matsayin babban shawara a cikin ni'imar da zato cewa ta su yanayi da suke juyawa neutron taurari (pulsars ne synonymous da kalmar "neutron star"). Bayan wani sarari suKe jiki da rotational lokaci ya kamata sosai m. Nazarin wadannan abubuwa ne har yanzu faruwa. Bayan koyon cewa wani neutron pulsars, masana kimiyya ba su tsaya a baya gano facts. Bayan duk da taurãri kasance, haƙĩƙa, mai ban mamaki - su zama zai iya zama zai yiwu ne kawai a karkashin yanayin da cewa centrifugal sojojin da bayyana saboda da juyawa ne kasa da gravitational sojojin da kisa da abu na pulsar.

Daban-daban na neutron taurari

Daga baya an gano cewa, pulsars tare ms lokacin da juyawa ba matasa, a akasin haka, daga cikin tsofaffin. Kuma pulsars a cikin wannan category su ne mafi raunin Magnetic filayen.

Akwai kuma irin neutron star, da ake kira X-ray pulsars. Wadannan su ne basamaniyai cewa emit X-haskoki. Sun kuma kasance a cikin category na neutron taurari. Duk da haka, pulsars da taurari da cewa emit X-haskoki, aiki da kuma samun daban-daban Properties. A karo na farko da irin wannan pulsar aka gano a 1972 a cikin ƙungiyar taurari na Hercules.

A yanayi na pulsars

Lokacin da masu bincike kawai sun fara nazarin abin da pulsars, sai suka yanke shawarar cewa neutron taurari da wannan yanayi da yawa a matsayin nuclei na kwayoyin halitta. Wannan ƙarshe aka kai saboda duk pulsars hankula wuya radiation - daidai da wannan, wanda ke tafiya tare da makaman nukiliya halayen. Duk da haka, kara lissafin yarda Masana ilmin yin wata sanarwa. Irin sarari abubuwa "pulsar" - a wani sarari suKe jiki da cewa shi ne kamar giant taurari (in ba haka ba da ake kira "infrared taurari").