Constellation Cygnus: makirci. Tarihi na ƙungiyar taurari Cygnus. Lokacin shi ne mafi alhẽri da tsayar da masaukai

Idan ka duba a sarari bazara dare sama, da shugaban zai iya fara juya daga wata babbar lamba na taurari. M sararin sarari sama da kawunansu sun dade da aka janyo hankalin mata, nã kiran ta asĩri. Domin saukaka dukan taron da na taurari a cikin ƙungiyar taurari rarraba. Yaushe ne mafi alhẽri ya duba kowane daga cikinsu, dangane da wuri. Idan, duk da haka, ya tashi daga ƙasa zuwa sarari, shi zai zama ba zai yiwu ba ga saduwa da akwai wani abu mai kama da wani samaniya juna, saba mana daga yara. Abubuwan da cewa yin up da ƙungiyar taurari, kamar an gudu up da gushe samar da wata mai jiwuwa dukan. Wannan shi ne saboda wani ƙungiyar taurari - shi ne mai tsinkaya daga sama, wanda aka mai rufi duk cosmic jikinsu, wanda aka located nan da Kiyayewa ta ra'ayi. A gaskiya, da nisa tsakanin su iya zama dubbai na haske-shekara.

Daya daga cikin shahararrun wani sarari suKe hotuna - ƙungiyar taurari Cygnus. Tuki a tashi tsuntsu ya hada game da 150 da taurari, da wasu daga wanda suna daga cikin haske abubuwa bayyane daga Earth. Godiya a gare su, da ƙungiyar taurari Cygnus ne quite sauki samu a sama.

kallon

Mutane da yawa mai son ilmin Taurari daga yara ka sani, shi ya dubi kamar ƙungiyar taurari na Cygnus. Taurãri dõmin dokoki da shi, sahu a cruciform siffar, yayi kama da manyan tsuntsu tare da wani elongated wuyansa, kuma shimfiɗaɗɗu ne fuka-fuki. Silhouette bada wani unambiguous amsar tambayar me ya sa da ake kira ƙungiyar taurari Cygnus.

Manufa lokaci zuwa tsare shi ne a lokacin rani. Duk da haka, Swan m ko'ina cikin shekara. Koyi da shi mafi sauki hanya domin da yawa sanannun asterism (hankula kungiyar na taurari masu haske) "Summer Bamuda". Sashe na daga shi ne wani star a cikin ƙungiyar taurari Cygnus, kira Deneb. A wasu biyu na ta saman - Vega da Altair, daya daga cikin mafi daukan hankali da maki na dare sama. Constellation Cygnus yara da iyayensu ke yawan ilmin taurari, kuma m, saboda shi ne ya miƙa tare da Milky Way.

labarin

Mun san sama map a yau ba ko da yaushe haka. Clear saboda tsawon lokaci, da taurari canza matsayin su. Wannan shi ne musamman m, a cikin hali na zuwa mana wani sarari suKe jikinsu. Alal misali, a kan site na Arewa Star da zarar wani dogon lokaci da suka wuce, fiye da 17 da dubu. Shekaru da suka wuce, shi ya riga an mai suna a sama Deneb.

Wani dalili na hilafa tsakanin sama da kuma na zamani maps of baya ne ya kawo tare a kungiyoyin daban-daban taurari. Daya daga cikin na farko kwatancin na tafiyar taurari ake magana a kai a matsayin 275 BC. e. Yana da aka halitta da Greek mawãƙi Aratus. Wannan aikin nan, bayan da hudu ƙarni, bita Talomi. Ya "Almagest" ya ƙunshi jerin 48 masaukai. Daya daga cikin su (Argo) aka baya zuwa kashi uku raba (Kiel, forage, Sail, kamfas), da kuma sauran rike sunan har yanzu.

Yau, malamai sun gano 88 masaukai. Swan nufin da tsoho, da aka ambata a cikin Talomi ta jerin. Duk da haka, a lokacin da ya sani a matsayin mai tsuntsu. Tarihi na tafiyar taurari Cygnus da ya hada da nassoshi da rubuce-rubucen da falakin Eudoxus na Cnidus, dating daga karni na hudu BC. Sunayen taurari a matsayin wani ɓangare na Swan reminiscent na zamani a lokacin da mafiya yawa daga sciences, ciki har da ilmin taurari, ci gaba a cikin East, a cikin kasashen Larabawa.

star gada

The haske star a cikin ƙungiyar taurari Cygnus - shi ne Deneb, Alpha Cygni ko. A cikin Larabci, da sunan na nufin "wutsiya." A nadi ne m tare da wuri. Deneb qawatawa ƙungiyar taurari Swan (makirci nuna a kasa) ne a yankin inda wutsiya na tsuntsu located. The abu nasa ne da fari supergiant. Star impressiveness ne da gane, idan muka kwatanta shi da mu luminary. Saboda haka, Deneb nauyi daidai ashirin da hasken rana. A nesa daga ƙasa zuwa Deneb variously kiyasta ne daga 1,55 zuwa 2.6 dubu. Light shekaru. A wannan yanayin, shi ne a fili a bayyane a cikin sama, kamar yadda ta fi hasken rana luminosity na 270 sau dubu.

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, Deneb ne wani ɓangare na Summer Bamuda. Tare da taurari a vertices nasaba da kyau Sin labari a wadda Deneb hidima a matsayin wata gada a tsakanin masoya, wakilci a sama Vega da Altair. A cewar labari, da shi ya auku sau daya a shekara. Wannan dare masoya iya ciyar tare. Sa'an nan za su yi su bar sake wani shekara.

kambi

Daura da Deneb batu ƙungiyar taurari ne Albireo swan (Cygnus beta). An lashe tare da wani tsuntsu ya kai. Domin ya fahimci abin da ya kama da ƙungiyar taurari Cygnus, da kuma inda aka located, shi isa a samu biyu haske maki. Albireo kamar yadda Deneb, za a iya gani da ido tsirara. Wadanda suka zabi su gano shi da nesa kusa zai bude ma fi ban sha'awa hoton. Albireo - a tsarin na biyu taurari. Mafi yawansu ba su Albireo A - orange giant. Abõkinsa - blue star, Magana game da babban jerin star Albireo V. Name a Larabci fassara a matsayin "kaza baki."

Gamma da kuma Delta Swan

Jamhuriyar ƙungiyar taurari batu ne Sadr, wanda ke nufin "nono". Shi ne na biyu haske star. Sadr (Cygnus gamma) - supergiant game da na aji F8, pulsations da lokaci 74 days. By nauyi, shi ne sau 12 ya fi girma fiye da hasken rana.

Bayan Sadr luminosity ne Delta Cygni. Yana da wani biyu star tsarin, located a nesa na 170 haske shekaru daga Earth. Don bambanta shi da yawa wuya fiye da Albireo. Delta kunshi biyu taurari da suke kusa isa, tare da wurare dabam dabam lokaci na 537 shekara. Na farko shi ne a blue-fari giant da luminosity yafi hakan fiye da hasken rana. Maƙwabcinsa - mai launin rawaya-fari star, kasa da ban sha'awa a cikin madaidaci.

misali

Epsilon Cygni ko Jenny - wani gagarumin aya ba kawai a kan taswira na sama, amma a lissafin taurari. An located a nesa na 73 haske shekaru daga Earth. Fassara Jenny, ko hyenas, ma'ana "reshe": da sunan yana ba da cikakken bayanin da wuri a cikin ƙungiyar taurari. Ta haskakawa sau 62 fiye da hasken rana.

A musamman rawar da Jenny a kimiyya ne cewa ta bakan ne daidaitattun ga rarrabuwa na sauran taurari. Haka kuma, shi ne wannan sarari abu a 1846, Neptune da aka bude.

Northern giciye

Constellation Cygnus ga yara da kuma manya sane da wani asterism, da ake kira Arewa Cross. An kafa ta biyar taurari da aka bayyana. A tushe ne Albireo, da tip na da sanya Deneb, a tsakiyar asterism - Sadr, da kuma a tarnaƙi - Jenny da kuma Delta Cygni. Shi ne da haske batu na constituting Swan. Constellation (photo kyau ba da ita ga fahimta) ba zai iya gadara da haske haske daga cikin sauran abubuwa. Hakika, biyar taurari ba iyakarsa ban sha'awa suna cikin wani sarari suKe tsuntsu. Duk da haka, shi ne Arewa Cross sa irin wannan shahararren ƙungiyar taurari Cygnus. Yadda za a same shi, yawanci ba su ma yi tunanin: asterism da aka sani ga kusan kowa da kowa.

Sauran "yawan"

Wani mai ban sha'awa abu ne mai ƙungiyar taurari na 61 Cygni, a binary star tsarin. Ya kunshi biyu orange Dwarf. Kamar Albireo tsarin bayyane daga Duniya, da ke samuwa ga binciken. Its musamman da suka bambanta shi ne a gaskiyar cewa 61 Cygni ne daya daga cikin mafi kusa taurari zuwa Sun (nesa daga mu star ne 11,36 haske-shekara). Bugu da kari, yana da wani gagarumin dace motsi da kuma mallakar wani karamin yawan irin wannan abubuwa a bayyane daga Earth. 61 Cygni ne sanannen godiya ga ilmin taurari wanzu a tsakiyar karni na karshe ra'ayi game da gaban ta planetary tsarin. New data tun ba ta goyi bayan jarrabawa, amma star ci gaba da zama da mayar da hankali na masana kimiyya da dama.

Wani abu na amfani mai girma - shi ne mai baki rami Cygnus X-1, dake kusa da 61 Cygni. Wannan shi ne haske X-ray tushen a cikin ƙungiyar taurari. Cygnus X-1 da aka gano tare da biyu abubuwa: daya daga cikinsu - mai haske blue star, da sauran - ta abokinsu, m to kallo. Radiation taso saboda taro canja wuri na blue taurari a wani baki rami. A lokacin motsi shi ne mai tsanani ga yanayin zafi babbar a size da kuma wani ɓangare daga gare aka jefarwa a cikin sarari a cikin nau'i na biyu jiragen sama directed a daban-daban daga cikin abu gefe. Status daga cikin baki rami Cygnus X-1 da ke a cikin 70s na karshe karni.

nebula

A taurari ma ba su da kawai abubuwa a cikin ƙungiyar taurari Cygnus. Tuki shi ma ya hada da wani duhu yankin da ake kira "Northern Coal buhu." Yana da quite kusa da mu galaxy located interstellar girgijen turɓãya da gas. Akwai da dama daga nebulae. A hadaddun sarari abubuwa suna kira a matsayin shãmaki ko Network (NGC 6960 da kuma NGC 6992), - da sakamakon tsawa 40,000 da suka wuce, a supernova fashewa. A yammacin gefen mayafi Nebula Mayya ta Tsintsiya ne mai ban mamaki da kyau na images kama da taimakon nesa.

The haske star a cikin ƙungiyar taurari Cygnus, Deneb, alfahari kusanci zuwa biyu nebulae: North America (NGC 7000) da kuma kwasakwasa (IC 5070). Farko da siffar ne sosai kamar eponymous nahiyar. Tare da kwasakwasa Nebula suka mika kan 50 haske-shekara. A Duniya ba za su iya gani da ido tsirara, bayar da cewa Kiyayewa za a located in wani yanki nisa da birni da ko wani wucin gadi lighting. Sun bayyana matsayin karamin blurry tabo a cikin arewa-maso-gabas da haske taurari, wanda yana da swan. Constellation wanda photo tare da duk nebulae zai kasance da ban sha'awa sosai da za a gani cikakken kome da kome, shi ne da ya shahara ba kawai domin ta mai haske taurari da kuma sauran makwabtaka da sarari abubuwa. Saboda haka, image na daraja da tsuntsaye, da kuma tarihi na bayyanar da ƙungiyar taurari nuna a zamanin d mythology.

Orpheus da garaya

Swan - gwarzo na da yawa Legends da labaru. Duka a cikin mu da kuma a waje al'ada, wannan tsuntsu wata alama ce kyakkyawa, tsarki na zuciya da kuma art. Wasu camfin gaya game da yadda akwai da ƙungiyar taurari Cygnus sama. Legend, domin yara ba kai a cikin littattafan tarihi na makarantar sakandare da ake dangantawa da zamanin d Girkanci singer Orpheus. A cewar ta, za su koma daga matattu ƙaunataccen Eurydice, ya keta haramta wa juya a kan hanyar dawo da kuma rasa har abada da yiwuwar zuwa tara tare da masõyansa. Baqin ciki, sai ya ciyar shekaru da dama da yake yawo cikin duniya, yayin da kasancewa da aminci ga Eurydice kuma ba kyale kaina zuwa wasu 'yan mata, domin abin da aka sani a matsayin mai misogynist. Da zarar kan kogin alama ya gana da wani rukuni na Bacchantes, Raya Makon Dionysus. Bayan koyo na Orpheus, suka husata da tsãge shi, amai da garaya singer da kansa a cikin ruwa. Gumakan Olympus ba sha'aninsu dabam to gwarzo, ina sha'awan su da su iyawa. A cewar daya daga version na labari, ran Orpheus da garaya dauke shi zuwa sama. Saboda haka akwai ƙungiyar taurari Lear da kuma Swan, located kusa da juna.

phaeton

Akwai da dama da camfin cewa bayyana dalilin da ya sa za mu iya yanzu la'akari da ƙungiyar taurari na Cygnus. Legend gaya na dan Helios, da rana bautãwa, da Phaeton. Mutuwa, da ya so ya tabbatar da asalin da roƙe mahaifinsa ya bar shi ya fitar da karusar da rana a fadin sama. Helios amince. Proud Phaethon bai iya jimre da zafi dawakai, da karusai fadi daga kogin. A ƙasa, shi ya kasance wani dogon nemi Cycnus, masõyi. A gumãkanku, ganin yadda ya yi baƙin ciki, juya shi a cikin wani swan. A wannan sunan ya rayu a kusa da ruwa. Fata da dorewar baiwa aminci, Zeus sanya sama da ƙungiyar taurari na Cygnus. Legend, cibiyar wanda yake da wani hali mai suna Cycnus, samu a wasu bambancin. Sunansa a Greek nufin "Swan."

Bambance-bambancen karatu na asalin, kuma mutuwa na Cycnus

Hero, daga baya ya juya a cikin wani daraja tsuntsu, a daban-daban da camfin shi ne dan allah. Haife na Apollo, Cycnus aka nutsar a cikin tafkin, to, wanda aka kira Kikneyskim. A matsayin ɗan Poseidon da Kalika ya samu a shafukan Legends game da Trojan War. A cewar labari ya kashe Achilles, da kuma mahaifinsa ya juya Cycnus cikin wani swan. The uku version na labarin cewa, uwãyensa sun kasance Ares, Allah na yaki, da kuma Pelops. The labari ya gaya na wani m ikon sarrafa Cycnus karusarsa. Ya na son ka kira gasar duk baƙi ziyartar gidan. A nasara zauna consistently Cycnus muddin abokin kokawarsa ba Hercules. Ya zarce dan Ares da kuma rauni na yaki bautãwa. A halin da ake ciki ya sa baki, Zeus. A sakamakon haka, Cycnus aka juya a cikin wani swan.

crucifix

Daga baya epochs cika ma'anarta da ƙungiyar taurari na Cygnus. Tuki da shi a kan wani taswira da XVII karni da kuma daga baya sau da yawa maye gurbinsu da image na gicciye Almasihu. Ba kalla rawa a cikin wannan ganewa, ya buga tare da da-alama Arewa Cross asterism Duniya. Correlating shi da gicciye ya faru a baya takardun. A cikin rubutun da St. Gregory na Tours, kwanan rana 592 a shekara, shi ne bayanin da Grand Cross tare da nuni da irin wannan halin da ƙungiyar taurari na Cygnus. Bisa ga saint, an dake tsakanin haruffa Alpha da Omega, "rubuta" taurari Delphine da Lyra bi da bi. Wadannan alamomin da ake hada kai tare da wani quote daga littafin Ru'ya ta Yohanna, a cikin abin da tashin Yesu ya kira kansa Alpha da Omega, farko da kuma karshe.

Sha'awa, da image na crucifix sake nufin Orpheus. A cewar wasu malaman, Kirista Romawa a farkon sabon addini aro alama ce da gicciye Allah ga al'ummai, don haka suke nuna Orpheus. Wannan zato shi ne sake guda thread ta haɗu da ƙungiyar taurari Cygnus, da labari game da singer da kuma Littafi Mai-Tsarki labari.

Taurarin sararin samaniya aka karin a da kyau da kuma ko da yaushe jawo ba kawai da ra'ayoyi amma kuma cikin tunani mutane a zamanin da tilasta masu hikima su nemi bayani ga wannan babban al'amari. Constellation Cygnus - wani m misali na yadda da bukatar fahimta da m sarari ta amfani da m wajen bayyana shayari kuma Legends. Bazai ra'ayoyi saita fito a zamanin d Legends da myths, za mu sani ba game da su, kuma rabi daga abin da aka sani a yau.

Modern mutane ba su hana marmarin fahimtar abin da yake a baya da yawa mai haske spots na dare sama. Domin m kimiyya lissafin za a iya gani a mafarki to fahimta asirin halittu, to koyi da dokoki da kuma wani ilhama fahimtar rashin iyawa don shige a cikin zuciyar dan Adam na da dukan neohvatnost. Pictures Hubble da "abokan aiki" na nuna yadda kusa da gaskiya su ne tsoho kasida a ji da kyau, ya miƙa a kan kawunansu. Idan akai la'akari da hotuna, shi ne mai sauki imani cewa daga cikin kyalkyali ƙawa da taurari da kuma nebulae zai yi ƙyãma, to rayuwa wani alloli.