Operation "Bagration". Belarus saki shirin (1944)

A lokacin rani na 1944 da Soviet Army soma for matuƙar kwata 'yanci na Belarus daga Jamus. Babban abun ciki na "Bagration" aiki shirin da aka shirya m a kan da dama fronts, wanda ya jefa Wehrmacht sojojin waje kasar. Nasarar yarda da Tarayyar Soviet don fara da kwato Poland da kuma Gabas Prussia.

a kan Hauwa'u

Dabarun Shirin "Bagration" da aka tsara bisa ga halin da ake ciki rinjaye a farkon 1944 a Belarus. The Red Army yana liberated ɓangare na Vitebsk, Gomel, Mogilev da Polesie yankuna na kasar. Duk da haka, da girma da karkararta aka har yanzu sun shagaltar da Jamusanci raka'a. A gaban, kafa tsinkaya cewa Wehrmacht aka kira "Belarushiyanci baranda". A hedkwatar Uku Reich yi duk abin da zai yiwu, muddin zai yiwu a ci gaba da wannan muhimmin dabarun yankin.

Don kare sabon cibiyar sadarwa iyaka kewaye da nisan kilomita 250 a tsawon aka halitta. Sun kasance sũ ne da ramuka, barbed waya da kuma minefields. A wasu sassa da sauri haƙa anti-tanki ramuka. Jamus umurnin ya iya ko kara da kansa contingent a Belarus, duk da nakasa daga mutum albarkatun. A cewar Soviet m data a yankin, shi ne kadan fiye da miliyan sojoji na Wehrmacht. Abin da wannan iya hamayya "Operation Bagration"? A shirin da aka bisa ga hari, fiye da rabin miliyan sojoji.

yabo na wani shiri

Shiri ga aiki kayar da Jamus a Belarus fara a Stalin ta umarni a watan Afrilu 1944. A lokaci guda Gaba Staff fara mayar da hankali a kan dacewa sashe na gaban sojojin da materiel. The asali shirin "Bagration" da aka samarwa da Janar Alekseem Antonovym. A marigayi May, ya shirya wani daftarin aiki.

A lokaci guda a cikin Moscow da aka sa ta key kwamandojin a Yammacin Front. Yana da aka Konstantin Rokossovsky, Ivan Chernyakhovsky da kuma Ivan Bagramyan. Sun ruwaito a kan halin da ake ciki a sassa na gaba. A tattaunawa da aka samu halartar Georgy Zhukov da Alexander Vasilevsky (wakilan umurni umurnin). Shirin sabunta da kuma ladabi. Bayan haka, a kan May 30 an amince da babban kwamandan.

"Bagration" (shirin da aka haka suna a cikin girmamawa Janar na Patriotic War of 1812 shekaru) dangane da wadannan ganewa. makiya defenses da za a lokaci guda karya a sassa shida na gaba. Bayan da aka shirya encirclement na rundunar Jamus a kan sãsanninsu (kusa Bobruisk da Vitebsk), da m a cikin shugabanci na Brest, Minsk da Kaunas. Bayan gama shan kashi na Army 1st Belorussian Front na yi tafiya a kan Warsaw, 1st Baltic - by Konigsberg da 3rd Belarus - zuwa Allenstein.

yaƙin mataki

Nasarar da aiki da aka bayar da "Bagration"? A shirin da aka tushen ba kawai a kan wasan kwaikwayon na umurni sojojin umarni, amma kuma a kan ta aiki tare da hadin gwiwar guerrillas. Don a kunna sadarwa a tsakanin su halitta na musamman aiki sojojin. A ranar 8 ga Yuni, da guerrillas sun aiki a cikin karkashin kasa, aka umurce su da su shirya domin lalata jiragen kasa, jibge a cikin shagaltar da ƙasa.

A cikin dare na Yuni 20 da aka nike up fiye da 40,000 waƙoƙi. Bugu da kari, da guerrillas derailed jiragen kasa na Wehrmacht. Group "Center" zo karkashin wani harin da hadewa da Soviet sojojin, ba su iya ja har zuwa gaban line reserves saboda inna na nasu sadarwa.

Vitebsk-Orsha laifi

"Bagration" aiki a kan Yuni 22 ya fara aiki lokaci. Yana hada da wannan ranar shi ne wani daidaituwa. Janar m aka koma da sauri a cikin uku tunawa da Jamusanci hari a kan Tarayyar Soviet. 1st Baltic Front da kuma 3rd Belarus aka yi amfani da Vitebsk-Orshanskaya aiki. A cikin shakka daga gare ta ya kawo saukar da tsaro a dama da reshe kungiyar "Center". The Red Army 'yanci' yan yankin cibiyoyin Vitebsk yankin, ciki har da Orsha. A Jamus an bãyar da bãya a ko'ina.

Yuni 27 Vitebsk aka barrantar da makiya. A kan Hauwa'u na Jamus kungiyar, wanda sarrafa a yankin na birnin, an hõre yawa nauyi manyan bindigogi da kuma iska buga. A gagarumin ɓangare na Jamus sojojin da aka kewaye. Kokarin da wasu ƙungiyoyin karya fitar zo da kome ba.

Yuni 28 da aka saki Lepel. A sakamakon haka, Vitebsk-Orsha laifi na Red Army ya iya kusan gama halakar da 53rd Army Corps maƙiyi. A Wehrmacht suka rasa 40,000 kashe da kuma 17,000 kama.

da kwato Mogilev

Soma da Janar Headquarters Soja Shirin "Bagration" shi ne cewa Mogilev aiki zai zama wani hukunci buga wa Wehrmacht. A wannan yankin, da rundunar Jamus ya dan kadan kasa da a wasu sassa na gaba. Duk da haka, Soviet m nan yana da matukar muhimmanci, domin makiya yanke gudun hijira hanyoyi.

A Mogilev shugabanci na Jamus sojojin sun sosai-shirye defenses. Kowane karamin gari, shi ne a kusa da babban hanya, aka juya zuwa cikin kagara. Eastern hanyoyin Mogilev aka rufe da dama tsaron gida zobe. Hitler a cikin jama'a jawabai, ya ce cewa birnin dole ne a gudanar a duk halin kaka. Bar shi yanzu izini kawai tare da sirri yarda da Fuehrer.

Yuni 23 bayan manyan bindigogi buga sojojin na da 2nd Byelorussian Front fara tilasta kogin Prony. Tare da bankuna da aka gudanar da Jamusawa gina wani tsaron gida line. Ketaren kogi aka aza dama gadoji. The abokan gaba ne kusan babu juriya, domin ya gurgunta da manyan bindigogi. Ba da da ewa aka kara babba Dnieper ƙasar a Mogilev yankin. A birnin da aka dauka a kan Yuni 28 bayan wani hari da sauri. Gaba daya a lokacin aiki da aka dauka fursuna fiye da dubu 30 German sojoji. Wehrmacht sojojin da farko suka tattara a wani tsari, amma bayan shan Mogilev wannan mãsu bãyar da bãya juya a cikin wani stampede.

Bobruisk aiki

Bobruiskaya aiki da aka gudanar a kudancin shugabanci. Ta ya kamata ya kai ga encirclement na Jamus raka'a, ga abin da rabon da aka shirya a manyan sikelin-tukunyar jirgi. Shirin na aiki "Bagration" shi ne cewa wannan aiki da aka aiwatar 1st Belorussian Front, umarta ta Rokossovsky.

Kusa Bobruisk m ya fara ranar 24 ga watan Yuni, cewa shi ne kadan daga baya, fiye da sauran sassa na gaba. A wannan yankin, akwai mutane da yawa swamps. Jamus ba zata cewa Red Army zai shawo kan wannan fadama. Duk da haka, a wuya rawar daji aka Duk da haka da aka gudanar. A sakamakon haka, da 65-th sojojin sanya wani sauri da kuma ban mamaki duka an kwatantata da aka ba jira na abokan gaba. Yuni 27, Soviet sojojin suka karbe iko da hanyoyi a Bobruisk. Kutsa cikin birnin. Bobruisk aka barrantar da Wehrmacht da yamma na 29. Lokacin aiki halakar da 35th Army da 41 Panzer gidaje. Bayan nasarar da Soviet sojojin a kan sãsanninsu domin shi ya bude hanyar Minsk.

Polotsk duka

Bayan nasarar Vitebsk 1st Baltic Front karkashin umurnin Ivan Bagramyan tafi zuwa ga na gaba mataki na m kan Jamus matsayi. Yanzu, da Soviet Army ya 'yanto Polotsk. Saboda haka muka yanke shawarar a hedkwatar, bunkasa da aiki "Bagration". kama da shirin da za a yi nan da sauri, saboda a wannan yanki akwai wani karfi rukuni na sojojin "Arewa".

Ku hura zuwa Polotsk aka aikata Yuni 29 Soviet sojojin da dama dabarun tsarin. Red Army taimaki guerrillas, wanda ba zato ba tsammani kai hari raya na kananan watsa Jamus sojojin. Naushe a garesu to yin mafi girma rikice da hargitsi a cikin sahu na abokan gaba. Garrison Polotsk yanke shawarar ja da baya kafin a rufaffiyar tukunya.

A Yuli 4, da Soviet sojojin 'yanci Polotsk, wanda ya yana kokarin muhimmanci ma domin shi ne mai Railway maha? Ar. Wannan kashi ya kai ga Wehrmacht kawar. Ya rasa matsayinsa na kwamandan Army Group "Arewa" George Lindemann. Jamus shugabanni, duk da haka, ba wani abu ya yi a can iya ba. Tun da farko, a kan Yuni 28 guda abu ya faru da Field Marshal Ernst Bush ya umarci Army Group "Center".

da kwato Minsk

Nasarorin da ta Soviet Army Headquarters sauri yarda ka sa sabon "Bagration" aiki ayyuka. Free Belarus shirin halittar tukunyar jirgi kusa Minsk. Yana da aka kafa bayan da Jamus rasa iko da Bobruisk da Vitebsk. 4th Jamus sojojin ya zuwa gabashin Minsk da aka yanke daga sauran duniya da fari, da Soviet sojojin da aka latsa daga arewa da kuma kudu, kuma abu na biyu, na halitta cikas a cikin nau'i na gudãna. West daga cikin kogi ta gudana. Berezina.

Lokacin da General Kurt von Tippelskirch umurni da wani tsari mai bãyar da bãya, kuma sojojinsa da su matsa a ketaren kogi a kan wani guda gada da kuma datti hanya. Jamus da kawayensu sun kai hari a guerrillas. Bugu da kari, mararraba yanki shelled kai harin. The Red Army haye Berezina River ranar 30 ga watan Yuni. Minsk da aka saki Yuli 3, 1944. A babban birnin kasar na Belarus bayyana kewaye da 105 dubu sojoji na Wehrmacht. Kashe fiye da 70, da kuma wani 35 da aka dauka fursuna.

Maris zuwa Baltic Amurka

A halin yanzu, sojojin na 1st Baltic Front tafi a kan m a arewa maso yammacin. Sojoji a karkashin umurnin Baghramyan ya karya ta da Baltic Sea da kuma yanke Army Group "Arewa" daga sauran raka'a na Jamus sojojin. Shirin "Bagration", a takaice, shi ana sa ran cewa nasarar da aiki da wani gagarumin karuwa a cikin wannan kashi na gaba. Saboda haka 1st Baltic gaban canjawa wuri 39th da 51th Army.

Lokacin da reserves ake karshe gaba daya kai da ci-gaba matsayi, da Jamus gudanar ya ja zuwa Daugavpils babba karfi. Yanzu cewa Soviet sojojin ba da irin wannan pronounced lamba amfani, duka biyu a farko mataki na aiki "Bagration". A shirin na blitzkrieg da cewa lokaci ya riga ya kusan gama. Sojoji zauna na karshe spurt zuwa karshe yantad Soviet ƙasa daga invaders. Daugavpils da Siauliai aka saki duk da gida slippage a harin, a ranar 27 ga watan Yuli. 30 da yawan soja yanke karshe Railway layi da ya kai daga Baltic zuwa Gabas Prussia. Kashegari, maƙiyi aka tsãwace Jelgava, da barin Soviet sojojin karshe ya zo a bakin bahar.

Vilnius aiki

Da zarar Chernyakhovsky 'yanci Minsk kuma ci 4th sojojin Wehrmacht, Janar Headquarters aiko shi wani sabon umarnin. Yanzu da sojojin na 3rd Belorussian Front sun free Vilnius, ka haye kogin Neman. Don cika da oda suka fara a kan Yuli 5, watau rana bayan da yaki a Minsk.

A Vilnius aka garu sansanin, kunsha na 15,000 sojoji. Hitler, domin ci gaba da babban birnin kasar na Lithuania fara koma wa ga saba farfaganda motsa, kiran birnin "karshe sansanin soja". A halin yanzu, 5th Army riga a lokacin da rana ta fari ga m barke for nisan kilomita 20. A Jamus tsaro da aka lax da sako-sako da saboda gaskiyar cewa duk aiki a cikin Baltic division aka mugun mauled a baya fadace-fadace. Duk da haka, a kan Yuli 5, da Nazis har yanzu yunkurin counterattack. Wannan ƙoƙari ya zo da kome ba. A Soviet sojojin da aka riga a kan hanyar zuwa birnin.

9 lambar ta kama yana kokarin da muhimmanci da maki - da tashar da kuma filin jirgin sama. Dakaru da tank crews kaddamar da wani hukunci hari. A babban birnin kasar na Lithuania da aka saki a ranar 13 ga watan Yuli. Abin lura shi ne cewa sojojin na 3rd Belorussian Front taimaki Polish sojoji na Home Army. Jimawa kafin faduwar birnin ta tashe shi tawaye.

Ƙarshen aiki

A karshe mataki na aiki da Soviet Army kammala da kwato Yammacin Belarus yankin, ne ayi kusa da kan iyaka da Poland. 27 Yuli aka mayar da Bialystok. Saboda haka, sojan karshe kai pre-yaki jihar kan iyakoki. 14 ga watan Agusta, Osovets Army 'yanci da kuma shagaltar da wani bridgehead a kan kogin Narew.

26 Yuli Soviet sojojin kasance a kan karkata daga Brest. Bayan kwana biyu, birnin da aka bar na Jamus mamaye. A watan Agusta da yaki a gabashin Poland. Jamusawa hambarar da shi kusa da Warsaw. 29 ga watan Agusta da aka buga da umarnin Koli umurninSa, bisa ga abin da Red Army ya tafi a kan tsaron gida. The m aka dakatar. The aiki ƙare.

Da zarar shirin da aka kashe "Bagration", yakin duniya na biyu koma ta karshe mataki. A Soviet Army gaba daya 'yanci Belarus da kuma yanzu iya fara wani sabon m shirya a Poland. Jamus da aka kusa da karshe shan kashi. Saboda haka a Belarus ƙare Mai girma War. Shirin "Bagration" da aka za'ayi a cikin guntu yiwu lokaci. Belarus ne a hankali zo da kansa, ya dawo zuwa farar hula. A kasar sha wahala daga Jamus zama, watakila fiye da wani jam'iyya jamhuriyoyin.