Da manufa na subsidiarity, ta bayyana, kuma jigon

Complementarity manufa ne methodological hakan da cewa da aka asali tsara girma Danish likita da kuma Falsafa Niels Bohr dangane da filin da jimla makanikai. Complementarity manufa na Bohr, m zo zuwa ga haske kawai saboda ko da a baya, da Jamusanci likita Kurt Godel miƙa ƙarshe da wording daga cikin shahararrun Theorem game da kaddarorin deductive tsarin, wadda ke da alaka da fagen daga m dabaru. Niels Bohr mika ma'ana karshe Gödel a kan batun yankin na jimla makanikai da kuma tsara da manufa, kamar wannan: domin fairly da mayalwaci san batun da takaice, shi ya kamata a duba a cikin tsarin da suke iri dabam dabam, da cewa shi ne, a cikin wasu sauran tsarin. Wannan definition, da kuma zama da aka sani a matsayin ka'ida na complementarity a jimla makanikai.

An misali na irin wannan mafita ga matsalolin da takaice, ya yi la'akari da duniya a cikin mahallin na biyu theories - kalaman da cewa ya haifar da wani mai daukan hankali cika sakamakon binciken kimiyya wahayinsa zuwa mutum jiki yanayin haske.

Niels Bohr a fahimtar wannan ƙarshe ya cigaba. Ya sa wani ƙoƙari na fassara subsidiarity manufa a cikin haske na falsafa ilmi ba, kuma shi ne a nan cewa manufa a duniya a yakan mallaki kimiyya muhimmanci. Yanzu, da wording na da manufa na sauti kamar: to, su haifa a sabon abu da view wa ilmi daga ãyã (m) tsarin, ya zama dole ƙarasa da ƙarin Concepts da Categories. A mafi sauki sharuddan, da manufa na complementarity bukatar sanin ba kawai zai yiwu, amma a wasu lokuta dole, da yin amfani da dama methodological tsarin da damar don saya haƙiƙa data game da batun. A qa'ida ta subsidiarity a cikin wannan ma'ana, ya tabbatar gaskiya ne na yarjejeniyar da metaphors na ma'ana tsarin hanya - da za su iya bayyana kansu, kuma haka ne, a cikin wani daban-daban hanya. Saboda haka, tare da zuwan da kuma fahimtarsa da wannan manufa, a gaskiya, shi gane cewa wani dabaru na ilimi bai isa ba, sabili da haka gane kamar yadda inganci illogical gudanarwa a cikin bincike tsari. Daga qarshe, da aikace-aikace na da manufa na Bohr gudummawar da wani gagarumin canji a cikin duniyar kimiyya.

Daga baya Yu. M. Lotman kumbura methodological muhimmancin da manufa na Bohr da kuma kawo ta dokokin da Sphere na al'adu, musamman amfani da bayanin semiotics na al'ada. Lotman tsara abin da ake kira "adadin bayanai paradox", jigon da ya ta'allaka ne da cewa samuwar dan'adam ne yafi faruwa a cikin yanayi na bayanai rashi. Kuma da ci gaban wannan gazawar za yaushe ƙara. Amfani da manufa na complementarity, yana yiwuwa rama da rashin bayanai ta hanyar fassara shi a cikin wani daban-daban semiotic (m) tsarin. Wannan dabara ya haddasa, a gaskiya, zuwa fitowan da kwamfuta kimiyya da cybernetics, sa'an nan da Internet. Daga baya da aiki manufa da aka tabbatar da physiological adaptability na mutum kwakwalwa zuwa da irin wannan tunani, shi ne saboda da jeri na bangaren na ayyukan ta hemispheres.

Wani arziki, wanda aka yi sulhu tsakani da mataki na manufa na Bohr, shi ne gaskiya cewa bude na Jamus likita Werner Heisenberg, dokar da rashin tabbas dangane. Its mataki za a iya bayyana a matsayin amincewa da rashin yiwuwar wannan bayanin irin biyu abubuwa da wannan daidaituwa, idan wadannan abubuwa ne daban-daban tsarin. Ilimin falsafa misalin gudanar da wannan binciken ya jagoranci Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn, wanda a cikin aikinsa "A yaƙĩni" ce cewa don yardar da yaƙĩni da wani abu, shi wajibi ne a wasu shakka.

Saboda haka, Bohr ta manufa, ya sami babban methodological muhimmancin a fannoni daban daban na ilimin kimiyya.