Ornithine sake zagayowar: dauki makirci, description, rayuwa cuta

Don jikin mutum kula da al'ada aiki, shi ya ɓullo da hanyoyin cire guba abubuwa. Daga gare su, ammonia - karshen-samfurin na metabolism na nitrogen mahadi, musamman sunadarai. NH ₃ ne mai guba ga kwayoyin, da kuma yadda wani guba outputted via excretory tsarin. Amma kafin ammonia shigarsu jerin jere halayen, wanda ake ce da ornithine sake zagayowar.

Iri nitrogen metabolism

Ba dukan dabbobi halin da saki da ammonia a cikin muhalli. Alternative karshe nitrogen metabolism abubuwa ne uric acid da urea. Haka kuma, iri uku, an kira nitrogen metabolism, dangane da jefarwa abu.

Ammoniotelichesky irin. A karshe abu a nan shi ne ammonia. Shi ne wani colorless iskar gas da cewa shi ne mai narkewa a cikin ruwa. Ammonioteliya halayyar duk kifin da zauna da gishiri tafkunan.

Ureotelic irin. Animals, wanda aka halin da ureoteliya, saki a cikin yanayi na urea. Misalan sun ha] ruwa tare kifi, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, da kuma dabbobi masu shayarwa, ciki har da mutumin.

Urikotelichesky irin. Ga su ne waɗanda wakilan da dabba duniya, a cikin abin da karshe metabolites ne lu'ulu'u na uric acid. Wannan abu da kayayyakin da nitrogen metabolism faruwa a cikin tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu rarrafe.

A wani daga cikin wadannan lokuta, da karshe musayar samfurin matsala - shi ne ba dole ba kau na nitrogen daga kwayoyin. Idan wannan bai faru, akwai wani daraja Kwayoyin da hanawa da muhimmanci halayen.

Mene ne urea?

Urea - shi ne wani amide na carbonic acid. An kafa daga ammonia, carbon dioxide, nitrogen da kuma amino kungiyoyin na wasu abubuwa a lokacin hanya na da halayen da ornithine sake zagayowar. Urea - wani samfurin selection ureotelic dabbobi, ciki har da mutane.

Urea ne daya daga cikin hanyoyi na wuce haddi da nitrogen tukar tumbi daga jiki. Da samuwar wannan abu za matse aiki kamar yadda precursor urea - ammonia ne mai guba zuwa adam Kwayoyin.

A lokacin da aiki na 100 g gina jiki a cikin fitsari na daban-daban yanayi tsaye 20-25 g urea. The abu ne hada a cikin hanta, sa'an nan ta cikin jini shiga nephron na koda da kuma excreted a cikin fitsari.

Hanta - da manyan jiki na urea

A cikin jikin mutum akwai ba da irin wannan cell, wanda zai samu halartar cikakken duk enzymes ornithine sake zagayowar. Bugu da kari ga hepatocytes, ba shakka. Hanta cell aiki ne ba kawai don kira kuma lalata haemoglobin, amma a cikin dauke da fitar da duk urea kira halayen.

A bayanin ornithine sake zagayowar daidai da cewa shi ne kawai hanyar cire nitrogen daga jiki. Idan, a yi, don hana kira ko mataki key enzymes urea kira Tashoshi da kuma mutu jiki daga wuce haddi da ammonia a cikin jini.

Ornithine sake zagayowar. Biochemistry halayen

urea kira zagayowar faruwa a dama, saukarwa. Total ornithine sake zagayowar zane gabatar a kasa (hotuna), sabili da haka bincika kowane dauki akayi daban-daban. A farko matakai biyu faru kai tsaye a cikin mitochondria na hanta Kwayoyin.

NH ₃ reacts tare da carbon dioxide da kashe kudi na biyu ATP kwayoyin. A sakamakon makamashi-cinyewa halayen karbamoilfosfat kafa, wanda yana dauke da makamashi bond. Catalyzes wannan tsari wani enzyme karbamoilfosfat synthetase.

Karbamoilfosfat reacts tare da ornithine karkashin mataki na enzyme ornithine carbamoyl transferase. A sakamakon haka, makamashi bond aka hallaka, amma a kudi na samar da makamashi generated citrulline.

Na uku kuma m, saukarwa dauki wuri ba a cikin mitochondria kuma a cikin cytoplasm na hepatocytes.

Shin wani dauki tsakanin citrulline da aspartate. C 1 kashe kudi na ATP kwayoyin da enzyme arginine succinate synthase kafa arginine succinate.

Arginine succinate tare da enzyme arginine succinate lyase cleaved zuwa arginine da fumarate.

Arginine a gaban ruwa da kuma karkashin mataki na arginase cleaved zuwa ornithine (dauki 1) da urea (karshe samfurin). A sake zagayowar ya rufe.

Energy urea kira zagayowar

Ornithine sake zagayowar - makamashi-m tsari a wadda ta cinye makamashi bond kwayoyin na adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cikin dukanin dauki, 5 3 suna kafa tare ADP kwayoyin. Bugu da kari, da samar da makamashi da aka kashe a kan kai daga abubuwa daga mitochondria ga cytoplasm da kuma mataimakin versa. Inda ya aikata da ATP?

Fumarate, wanda aka kafa a karo na hudu dauki za a iya amfani matsayin substrate a cikin tricarboxylic acid sake zagayowar. A lokacin kira na malate fumarate kasaftawa NADPH, wanda results a cikin wani 3 ATP kwayoyin.

A dauki na deamination na glutamate kuma taka wata rawa a cikin wadata da hanta Kwayoyin tare da makamashi. Ga kuma kasaftawa 3 ATP kwayoyin da suke a urea kira.

A tsari na aiki na ornithine sake zagayowar

Yadda aka saba, da urea kira dauki mataki aiki a 60% na yiwu dabi'u. Tare da kara gina jiki abun ciki a cikin abinci ne kara halayen, wadda take kaiwa zuwa sama overall yadda ya dace. Rayuwa cuta na ornithine sake zagayowar lura a high jiki exertion da tsawo azumi, lokacin da jiki fara karya saukar da kansa sunadaran.

Regulation na ornithine sake zagayowar iya faruwa a biochemical matakin. A nan, manufa shi ne na farko enzyme karbamoilfosfat synthetase. Its allosteric activator ne N-acetyl-glutamate. A da babban abun ciki a cikin jikin urea kira halayen ne na al'ada. Tare da kasawa daga cikin abu ko ta precursors, glutamate kuma acetyl-CoA, ornithine sake zagayowar hasarar da aikin load.

Communication urea kira zagayowar, Krebs sake zagayowar

A halayen biyu matakai dauki wuri a cikin mitochondrial matrix. Wannan ya ba da damar shiga cikin wasu kwayoyin halitta a biyu biochemical tafiyar matakai.

CO ₂ da kuma adenosine, wanda aka kafa a cikin citric acid sake zagayowar, suna precursors karbamoilfosfata. ATP ne ma wani muhimmin tushen samar da makamashi.

Ornithine sake zagayowar, halayen wanda faruwa a hepatocytes na hanta, - tushen fumarate, daya daga cikin manyan substrates na Krebs sake zagayowar. Bugu da ƙari, wannan abu a sakamakon mahara stepwise halayen bada Yunƙurin zuwa aspartate, wanda a nuna da ake amfani a cikin biosynthesis na ornithine sake zagayowar. Halayen shafe fumarate NADPH ne source, cewa za a iya amfani da su phosphorylate ADP zuwa ATP.

A nazarin halittu ma'anar ornithine sake zagayowar

The girma na nitrogen shiga jiki a cikin sunadaran. A cikin metabolism na amino acid hallaka, ammonia ne kafa a matsayin karshen samfurin na metabolism. Ornithine sake zagayowar - a jam'i na m halayen, babban aiki na wanda shi ne ya detoxify NH ₃ tare da fassarar a cikin urea. Urea, bi da bi, gudana a cikin koda nephron da excreted a cikin fitsari.

Bugu da kari, ta-ornithine sake zagayowar ne tushen arginine - daya daga cikin muhimmanci amino acid.

Munanan a urea kira zai iya kai wa ga irin wannan cuta a matsayin hyperammonemia. Wannan Pathology ne halin da babban taro na ions na ammonium NH _{4 ⁺} a mutum jini. Wadannan ions adversely shafi rayuwa da kwayoyin, rufe saukar ko slowing saukar da wasu muhimmanci matakai. Kyalewa wannan cuta na iya kai ga mutuwa.