Masanin ilimin kimiyya na Amurka, Richard Feynman: labari da nasarorin da aka samu, ya faɗi

Richard Phillips Feynman (shekarun rayuwa - 1918-1988) - masanin kimiyyar fice daga Amurka. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa irin wannan shugabanci kamar yadda ake amfani da su na lantarki. A lokacin daga 1943 zuwa 1945, Richard ya shiga cikin ci gaba da bam din bam din. Ya kuma kirkiro hanya don hadewa tare da hanyoyi (a cikin 1938), tsarin sifa na Feynman (a 1949). Tare da taimakonsu, wanda zai iya bayyana irin wannan sabon abu a matsayin sauyawa na ƙananan sifofin. Richard Feynman kuma ya gabatar da samfurin na nucleon a cikin shekarar 1969, ka'idar zane-zane. A shekarar 1965, tare da J. Schwinger da S. Tomonaga, ya karbi kyautar Nobel a Physics.

Yara na Richard

An haifi Richard Feynman a cikin iyalin Yahudawa masu arziki. Iyayensa (watakila mahaifinsa ko kakansa ne daga Rasha), Lucille da Melville, sun zauna a Far Rockaway, wanda ke New York, a kuducin Queens. Mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a wata masana'antar tufafi a cikin sashen tallace-tallace. Yana da girmamawa ga masana kimiyya, yana da sha'awar kimiyya. Melville ta dakatar da gidan tare da kananan dakunan gwaje-gwaje, inda ya yarda dansa ya yi wasa. Uba ya yanke shawarar nan da nan idan yaro ya bayyana a duniya, zai zama masanin kimiyya. Daga 'yan mata a shekarun nan ba su tsammaci kimiyyar kimiyya ba, ko da yake suna iya samun digiri na ilimi. Duk da haka, Joan Feynman, 'yar uwa ta Richard, ta ƙi wannan ra'ayi. Ta zama sanannen masanin astrophysicist. Melville ya yi kokarin tun lokacin yaro don ya sa Richard yayi sha'awar sanin duniya. Ya amsa tambayoyin yaron da cikakken bayani, yana amfani da amsoshi a cikin amsoshinsa daga ilimin lissafi, ilmin halitta, ilmin sunadarai. Melville sau da yawa ana kiranta abubuwa masu mahimmanci. A lokacin horo, bai yi amfani da matsa lamba ba, bai taba gaya wa dansa cewa ya zama masanin kimiyya ba. Yaron yana sha'awar dabarun da mahaifinsa ya nuna masa. Ba da daɗewa ba, Richard kansa ya mallaki su kuma ya fara tattara maƙwabtan da abokansa wanda ya shirya abubuwan da ke nunawa. Feynman ya haɗu da halayen mahaifiyarsa daga mahaifiyarsa.

Na farko aiki

Lokacin da yake da shekaru 13, Richard ya sami aikin farko - ya fara gyaran masu karɓar radiyo. Yaron ya sami sanannun mutane - maƙwabta da yawa sun yi masa magana, domin, da farko, Richard ya gyara su da sauri kuma ya cancanta, kuma na biyu, ya yi ƙoƙari ya ƙayyade ainihin matsalar rashin lafiya kafin ya fara aiki. Maƙwabta sun nuna sha'awar Feynman, Jr., wanda ke tunanin tun kafin ya sake yin rediyon na gaba.

Horo

Bayan shekaru hu] u na nazarin ilimin Kimiyya na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Massachusetts, Richard Feynman ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Jami'ar Princeton. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ya yi ƙoƙari ya ba da gudummawa don gaba, amma an yi watsi da rashin adalci a yayin binciken likita.

Aure zuwa Arlene Greenbaum

Richard Feynman ya ci gaba da karatunsa, yanzu tare da Ph.D. A wannan lokacin ya aure Arlene Greenbaum. A wannan yarinyar, Richard yana ƙaunar shekaru 13, kuma a cikin shekaru 19 - ya shiga wurinta. An kashe Arlene a lokacin bikin aure, yayin da ta yi rashin lafiya da tarin fuka.

Iyayen Richard sunyi auren, amma Feynman yayi haka a hanyarsa. An yi bikin aure a kan hanyar zuwa tashar kafin ya tafi Los Alamos. Mai kula da littafin kuma mai kula da ma'aikata, ma'aikatan mayoralty na Richmond, sun yi shaida. Abokan matan auren ba su halarci bikin ba. Lokacin da lokaci ya zo don sumbace amarya, Feynman, tunawa da rashin lafiyarta, ya rufe hatimin a kunciyarsa.

Kasancewa wajen ci gaba da fashewar bam din

Richard a Los Alamos ya shiga cikin aikin don bunkasa bam din nukiliya (aikin Manhattan). Har yanzu yana karatu a Priston, lokacin da ake gudanar da bincike. Robert Wilson, masanin ilimin likitaccen likita ne ya ba shi ra'ayin don shiga wannan aikin. Feynman ba shi da farin ciki a farko, amma sai ya yi tunani game da abin da zai faru idan Nasis ya kirkiri shi da farko kuma ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin ci gaba. Yayinda Richard ya shiga aikin aikin Manhattan, matarsa ta kasance a asibiti kusa da Al-Mosquito kusa da Albuquerque. Sun ga kowace mako. Masanin kimiyya Richard Feynman ya yi amfani da dukkanin karshen mako tare da ita.

Feynman ya zama burglar

Feynman, yayin aiki a kan wani bam bom, samu lafiya safecap fasaha skills. Richard ya iya tabbatar da cewa matakan tsaro a wannan lokaci ba su da isa sosai. Ya sace daga saitunan sauran ma'aikata game da ci gaba da bam din bam. Wadannan takardun, duk da haka, sun wajaba a gare shi don nazarin nasa. A shekara ta 1985, Richard Feynman ya wallafa wani littafi na tarihin ɗan adam ("Hakika, kana wasa, Mr. Feynman!"). A ciki sai ya lura cewa yana da sha'awar bude sauti (da sauran abubuwa da yawa a rayuwarsa). Richard ya yi nazari kan wannan batu kuma ya samo wasu hanyoyi da ya gwada a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a kan dakunan kwanciyar hankali. A wannan yanayin, sa'a yana taimaka masa sau da yawa. Duk wannan ya haifar da Richard da sunan wani burglar a cikin tawagar.

Kunna Drum

Wani sha'awar ga Richard yana wasa da ƙura. Ya yi bazata sau ɗaya ya ɗauki wani drum kuma ya riga ya buga shi kusan kowace rana. Richard ya yarda cewa bai san rhythms ba, amma ya yi amfani da Indiya, wanda ya kasance mai sauki. Wani lokaci ya dauki katanga tare da shi a cikin gandun daji, saboda kada ya dame kowa, sai ya raira waƙa ya kuma buga su da sanda.

Wani sabon mataki a rayuwa

Tun daga shekarun 1950, Richard Feynman, wanda tarihinsa ya ci gaba da wani sabon mataki a rayuwarsa, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike a Cibiyar Kasa ta California. Bayan yakin da mutuwar matarsa, ya ji rauni. Feynman bai daina yin mamaki da haruffa ba tare da bada shawarwari ga posts a cikin sassan jami'o'i daban-daban. An kuma kira shi a aiki a Princeton, wanda manyan masu fasaha, irin su Einstein ya koyar. Feynman ya yanke shawarar cewa idan duniya tana son shi, zai so. Amma idan tsammanin an hadu don samun babban likita - shi ke ba da matsala. Bayan da Feynman ya dakatar da shakkar kansa, sai ya sake ji daɗi da karfi.

Babban nasarorin Richard

Richard ya cigaba da bincikensa a fannin ka'idarsa na gyaran fasalin. Ya kuma yi nasara a cikin ilimin lissafi na rashin jin dadi saboda sakamakon cewa Schrödinger yayi amfani da wannan abu. Wannan binciken, tare da bayanin fasikanci, wanda masanan kimiyya uku suka karɓa a baya, ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa ilimin kimiyya mai ƙananan yanayi ya fara farawa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, Richard, tare da Mista Gell-Mann, mai binciken bincike, yayi aiki a kan ka'idar da ake kira raunana rauni. Yana nuna kanta mafi kyau lokacin da beta ta lalacewa na free neutron ya auku a kan antineutrinos, da lantarki da proton. Wannan ka'idar Richard Feynman ya buɗe sabon ka'idar yanayi. Masanin kimiyya yana da ra'ayin ƙididdiga yawan yawa. Ilimin lissafi ya yi babban ci gaba tare da godiya.

A lokacin da ake bukatar Cibiyar Nazarin a shekarun 1960, Feynman ya yi shekaru 3 yana samar da sabon tsarin koyar da ilmin lissafi. A shekara ta 1964, littafin littafi mai suna "Feynman laccoci a kan ilmin lissafi" (Richard Feynman), littafi wanda ake la'akari da ita shine mafi kyawun jagoranci ga dalibai na lissafi, shi ne. Bugu da ƙari, Richard ya taimaka wajen hanyar da ke da ilimin kimiyya. Ya ɗalibansa ya bayyana ka'idodin gaskiyar kimiyya, kuma ya wallafa littattafai masu dacewa akan wannan batu (musamman game da sadaukar da kaya).

Nazarin kwayoyin halitta

Feynman a shekarun 1960s ya dauki bangare a gwaje-gwajen a azanci shine rashi, wanda aka gudanar Dzhon Lilli, sai wani abokinsa ya. A cikin littafinsa na tarihinsa, wanda muka riga mun ambata, ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na hallucinations da ya samu a wani ɗaki na musamman, wanda ya ware daga dukkanin matsalolin waje. Feynman ko da kyafaffen marijuana a lokacin gwaje-gwajen, amma ya ƙi yin gwaji tare da LSD, yana tsoron tsoron lalata kwakwalwa.

Ayyuka a Rayuwa ta Rayuwa

A cikin shekarun 1950, Richard ya sake yin aure - Mary Lou. Duk da haka, ba da daɗewa ba sai ya sake watsi da shi, yana ganin cewa ya ɗauki ƙaunar jin daɗin abin da yake so. A wani taro a Turai a farkon shekarun 1960, ya sadu da wata mace wanda ya zama matarsa ta uku. Gwyneth Howarth, ɗan Ingila. Ma'aurata suna da jaririn Carl. Bugu da ƙari kuma, sun kuma ɗauki ɗa mai ladabi, wanda ake kira Michel.

Hoto zane

Bayan dan lokaci, Feynman ya fara sha'awar fasaha domin ya fahimci tasirin da ya shafi mutane. Richard ya fara yin nazarin darussa. Ayyukansa a farkon ba su bambanta da kyakkyawa ba, amma a lokacin Feynman yayi amfani dashi har ma ya kasance mai kyau hoto.

Ba a yi nasarar tafiya ba

Richard Feynman, tare da matarsa da abokinsa Ralph Leighton, ɗan Robert Leighton, babban likita, ya yi tafiya zuwa Jihar Tuva a shekarun 1970s. A wannan lokacin ne wata ƙasa mai zaman kanta, kewaye da duwatsu masu tasowa daga kowane bangare. Ya kasance tsakanin Mongoliya da Rasha. Ƙananan kananan hukumomi sun kasance ƙarƙashin iko na USSR (Tuva ASSR). A cewar mai bincike ne kawai wanda ke da masaniya a Tuva, rahoto game da wannan tafiya zai iya ninka ilimin wannan jiha. Kafin tafiya, Feynman da matarsa sun sake karanta dukan wallafe-wallafen da suka kasance a wannan lokacin a duniya game da wannan ƙasa - littattafai biyu. Feynman yana jin daɗin ƙaddara litattafai na tsohuwar rubuce-rubuce game da al'amuran da suka ɓace, kuma ba shakka a tarihin 'yan adam. A cikin Tuva ASSR, kamar yadda ake zargi da shi, za a iya samun alamun abubuwan da ke cikin asirin duniya. Duk da haka, ba a bai wa masanin kimiyya takardar visa ba, sabili da haka, rashin alheri, wannan ziyarar tarihi bai faru ba.

Nazarin Feynman

Cibiyar Harkokin Jirgin Ƙasa ta {asa ta 28.01.1986 ta kaddamar da jirgi na sararin samaniya da amfani da yawa. Bayan kwana 73 bayan kaddamarwa, sai ya fashe. Kamar yadda ya fito, dalilin ya kasance masu goyon bayan roka, wanda ya tashe jirgin ɗin da tankin mai. Masana kimiyya daga Jet Laboratory Laboratory sun gaya wa Feynman game da rashin gamsuwa da zane da kuma ƙona rubber wanda ya riga ya faru. Kuma Janar Kutin ya gaya masa cewa a farkon farawa yawan zafin jiki na iska yana kusa da kome, kuma a karkashin wadannan yanayi akwai hasara na rubutun roba. A lokacin gwajin, wanda Feynman yayi tare da zobe, gilashi da kankara da kuma kayan wuta, an nuna cewa zobe a yanayin zafi yayi rashin haushi. Saboda rashin warware matsalar, gas mai zafi ya ƙone shi. Wannan ya faru a ranar 28 ga Janairu.

Wani gwaji na rayuwa ya nuna wa Feynman ɗaukakar mutumin da ya bayyana asirin wannan lamarin (ya lura cewa bai cancanci) ba, wanda bai yi da'awar ba. Gaskiyar ita ce, NASA ya san cewa a yanayin zafi mai zafi da ke shimfida missile yana da mummunan hatsari, amma an yanke shawarar daukar damar. Manyan ma'aikata da masu fasaha wadanda suka san wani mummunar masifa sun yi shiru.

Cututtuka da mutuwa

A cikin shekarun 1970s, an gano cewa Richard Feynman na fama da ciwon daji, wani abu ne mai ban sha'awa. An yanke wani ƙwayar da ke ciki, amma jiki ya lalace sosai. Karyata yin aiki daya daga kodan. Yawancin ayyukan da aka yi maimaita ba su da tasiri sosai game da wannan cuta. The Nobel Prize a Physics da aka wanzuwa.

Jihar Richard Feynman ya ɓace sosai. A shekara ta 1987, an sami shi tare da wani ƙwayar cuta. An sassaƙa shi ne, amma Feynman ya riga ya raunana sosai kuma yana da zafi. An sake kwantar da shi a 1988, a watan Fabrairu. Bugu da ƙari, ciwon daji, likitoci sun gano wani ulcer. Bugu da ƙari, sauran koda ya ki. Zai yiwu ya ba Richard wasu watanni na rayuwa ta hanyar haɗin kaya na wucin gadi. Duk da haka, ya yanke shawara cewa yana da isasshen, kuma ya ƙi taimakon likita. Richard Feynman ya mutu a ranar Fabrairu 15, 1988. An binne shi a Altadene, a cikin kabari mai sauki. Toka na matarsa tana hutawa kusa da shi.

Feynman motar

Feynman a shekarar 1975 ya sami van Dodge Tradesman. An fentin shi a cikin launin mustard, wanda yake da kyau a wancan lokacin, amma a ciki an zane shi a cikin inuwar kore. A kan wannan motar an zana hotunan Feynman, wanda ya kawo Richard kyautar Nobel. A kan sa'a ya yi da yawa dogon tafiye-tafiye. Masanin kimiyya kuma ya ba da takaddun nau'i na nau'i na musamman tare da rubutun QANTUM a gare shi.

Wani lokaci Feynman yayi aiki akan wannan mota, amma yawanci Gwyneth, matarsa, yayi amfani dashi. A lokacin hasken wuta, an tambaye ta dalilin da ya sa aka zana hotunan Feynman a kan inji. Matar ta ce wannan shine saboda sunansa Gwyneth Feynman.

Mota bayan da Richard ya mutu aka sayar da dala 1 ga Ralph Leighton, aboki na iyali. Sayarwa don wannan alamar alama alamace hanya ce wadda Feynman ya kawar da motocinsa na dā. Inji yayi sabon mai shi na tsawon lokaci. A 1993 ta shiga cikin aikin tunawa da R. Feynman.

Richard Feynman: sharhi

A yau, yawancin alamunsa suna da mashahuri. Muna ba kawai wasu daga cikinsu.

• "Abin da ba zan iya yi ba, ban gane ba."
• "Yin ƙoƙarin gano wani abu na asiri shine ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da nake so."
• "Kullum ina so in yi nasara a abin da ban samu ba."