Lambar Hamming. Daidaitaccen bayanan lambobi

A cikin aiki, kowane tsarin sarrafa kai yana fuskantar matsala game da cikakkiyar fahimtar bayanai, tsabta daga bayanan da aka samu, ganowar kurakurai, da gyaran su. A mafi tsanani ayyuka sanya wa abu na bayanai aiki, da mafi hadaddun da m ganewa tsarin for bad abubuwa na software da kuma bayar da bayanai kurakurai ne aikinsa.

Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a duba bayanan bayanai don kurakurai, har ma don gyara su, shine haɗin bayanan lambobi. Akwai hanyoyi da hanyoyi da dama da aka yi amfani da su yayin aiki tare da bayanai daban-daban. A ake kira Hamming code shi ne classic misali, wanda shi ne masomin halittar mafi hadaddun da nagartaccen hanyoyi zuwa troubleshoot tasowa a lokacin data watsa kurakurai.

Tarihin lambar ya fara a cikin tsakiyar shekarun 1940. A wannan lokaci, Richard Hamming ya yi amfani da na'ura mai asusun Bell Model V, yana aiki a cikin shahararren Bell Labs. Sa'an nan kuma ita ce hanyar da ta dace ta hanyar amfani da tsarin aikin electromechanical. Tsarin na'ura yayi amfani da raka'a motar. Amfani da su bai ba da babbar riba ba a cikin sauri. Hanya guda ya ɗauki 'yan kaɗan. An shigar da shigarwar bayanai ta hanyar katunan katunan, kuma kurakurai a lokacin karatunsu ba sababbin ba ne. A cikin mako don gane da kuma daidai kurakurai samu amfani musamman lambobin. Machine sadarwarka sanar da haske na hasken wuta, cewa a nuna gyara kuskure da kuma sake kaddamar da aiwatar da lissafi. Amma a karshen mako, an aiwatar da tsari bisa ga dokoki daban-daban. Bayan an gano kuskuren, inji ta atomatik dakatar da aiwatar da shirin farko kuma ya ci gaba da aiwatar da wasu.

Tun lokacin da Hamming ya yi aiki a karshen mako, ya yi fushi da wannan halayyar kwamfutar, saboda ya sake farawa shirin da ya yi aiki a duk lokacin, kuma duk kuskuren rashin daidaituwa ne akan katunan katunan. Shekaru da yawa dole ya ciyar a kan gina mafi yawan algorithms don gyara kurakurai. A sakamakon haka, tun 1950 ya sami damar gano hanyar da ta fi dacewa wajen magance wannan matsala, yanzu an san shi a ko'ina cikin duniya a matsayin lambar Hamming.

Sakamakon, wanda Richard Hemming ya ba da shawara, ya karu da sauri. Hanyar domin shigar da bayanai a bayansa da dama manyan tubalan. Alal misali, ƙayyadaddun lambobin suna babban rukuni, wanda ya ƙunshi toshe, abin da ake kira lambobin separable (a wasu kalmomin waɗanda aka rarraba dukan alamomin zuwa bayani da tabbatarwa).

Lambobin tsare-tsaren suna da fasali, alamar alamar suna sakamakon sakamakon linzamin kwamfuta a kan alamun bayanai. A lokaci guda, a kowane haɗin haɗin haɗin ƙila, yana yiwuwa a samu sakamako daga aikin linzamin kwamfuta da aka yi a kan saiti na lambobin haɗin haɗin kai mai zaman kanta.

Lambar Hamming ita ce lambar yin rajista. Wadannan ka'idoji suna ba ka damar gano kurakurai a atomatik yayin canja wurin bayanai. Don gina su, kuna buƙatar sanya ɗaya iko (ƙarin) lambar binary zuwa kowane kalma. An zaɓi adadi a cikin hanyar da cewa a cikin yawan adadin raka'a lokacin da siffar lambar ta kasance, ta hanyar tsammanin, har ma.

Idan kuskure guda ya auku, zai canza daidaituwa cikin yawan adadin raka'a.

Lambobin da ke jagorantar gyara kurakurai a yanayin atomatik suna kiran gyaran kai. Don gina irin wannan lambar, ɗayan sarrafawa bai isa ba. Babbar amfani ne da wani binary code block, shi ne mai daidaituwa.

Da yake taƙaitawa, zamu iya cewa cewa code Hamming yana amfani da ka'idojin dubawa, inda aka bincika yawan adadin haruffa.