Bacteria na lalata da kuma bazuwar

Kwayoyin cuta suna rayuwa a ko'ina: a ƙasa da ruwa, karkashin kasa da ƙarƙashin ruwa, a cikin iska, cikin jikin sauran halittu. Don haka, alal misali, a cikin jikin dan jariri mai kyau na 'yan Adam akwai fiye da nau'in nau'in nau'in kwayoyin halittu, kuma yawancin su na daga kashi 1 zuwa 3 na yawan nauyin mutum. Wasu daga cikin halittun microscopic suna amfani da kwayoyin halitta kamar abinci. Daga cikinsu, kwayoyin juyawa suna taka rawar gani. Suna halakar gawawwakin dabbobi da shuke-shuke, suna ciyar da wannan abu.

Hanyar halitta

La'akari da kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta abu ne na tsari na halitta kuma yana da wuyar gaske, kamar dai an tsara shi ta hanyar yanayi. Ba tare da lalata shi, dã sun kasance m wurare dabam dabam na abubuwa a duniya. Kuma a kowace harka, alamun bazuwar yana nufin bayyanar sabon rayuwa, wadda aka haifa a farkon. Bacteria na lalata suna da muhimmanci mutane a nan! Daga cikin duk wadatar rayuwar kwayoyin halittu, suna da alhakin wannan tsari na lokaci-lokaci da ba za a iya ba.

Mene ne yake juyawa?

Sashin ƙasa shi ne cewa abun da yafi rikitarwa na kwayoyin halitta ya rushe cikin abubuwa masu sauki. Modern misali masana kimiyya game da aiwatar da cewa ya jũya gudanar da mahadi a cikin inorganic, za a iya bayyana kamar haka:

• Kwayoyin Rotten suna da maganin da aka sare ta hanyar sinadaran ma'anar ma'anar kwayoyin kwayoyin dake dauke da nitrogen. Tsarin ciyarwa yana faruwa a hanyar kama da sunadarai da kwayoyin amino acid.
• Enzymes waɗanda aka samar da kwayoyin halitta, a yayin aiwatar da janyewa, ammoniya, amines, hydrogen sulphide daga kwayoyin sunadaran.
• Ana amfani da kayan da ke cikin kwayoyin kwayoyin juyawa don samar da makamashi.

Ammoniya amintacce

Tsarin na nitrogen shine muhimmin bangaren rayuwa a duniya. Kuma ƙananan kwayoyin halitta da ke cikin ita suna daya daga cikin kungiyoyi masu yawa. A cikin yanayin halittu na halitta, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen raya kasa. Saboda haka sunan - mai sa ido (wanda ke nufin "sakewa"). A nan, kwayoyin da bazuwa da lalata suna ammonifying, wato, suna iya sakewa daga nitrogen daga kwayoyin halitta. Wadannan su ne cututtukan interobacteria, bacilli, wadanda suka kasance da nau'i-nau'in clostridia.

Bacillus

Bacillus subtilis - daya daga cikin mafi yawan mutane da kuma nazarin da masu bincike na kwayoyin. Rayuwa a cikin ƙasa, mafi yawansu yana haifar da numfashi tare da oxygen. Jikin abun da ke ciki - a nukiliya-free cell. Wannan wani nau'in microorganism ne mai girma, wanda za'a iya samo wannan hoton tare da ƙarami mai sauƙi. Don ciyar da hay bacillus samar da proteases - enzymes catalyzed, wanda zaune a kan m harsashi daga cikin sel. Tare da taimakon enzymes, kwayoyin suna rushe tsarin kwayoyin sunadarai (haɗin amintattun amino acid), ta haka ta watsar da amino. A matsayinka na mai mulki, wannan tsari yana faruwa a wasu matakai kuma yana haifar da kira na makamashi a tantanin halitta (ATP). Labaran da kwayoyin kwayoyin cuta (putrefaction) ke haifarwa tare da jigilar magungunan haɗari masu haɗari ga mutane.

Menene wadannan abubuwa?

Da farko, waɗannan sune samfurori na karshe: ammonia da hydrogen sulphide. Har ila yau, tare da rashin daidaituwa, an tsara wadannan:

• cadaveric poisons (cadaverine, misali);
• Mawaki na yanayi mai ban sha'awa (watsi, indole);
• Lokacin da lalata kayan amino acid sulfur, thiols da dimethyl sulfoxide an kafa su.

A gaskiya ma, a cikin tsari da aka sarrafa ta hanyar rigakafi, tsarin da bazuwar ya kasance wani ɓangare na tsari na narkewa ga dabbobi da dama da mutane. Yana faruwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, a babban hanji, kuma kwayoyin da ke haifar da lalata suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a ciki. Amma a kan babban sikelin, guba ta hanyar juyawa zai iya haifar da sakamako mai banƙyama. Mutumin ne a gaggawa bukatar da magani daga likita, wanke hanjinsu da kuma mayar da microflora far. Bugu da kari, da jari na ammonia a cikin jiki za a iya jawo da wasu iri kwayoyin cuta, ciki har da E. coli. A sakamakon haka, ammonia ya tara cikin wasu kyallen takarda. Amma tare da aikin al'ada na dukkanin tsarin, yana ɗaure zuwa urea kuma an cire shi daga jikin mutum.

Saprotrophs

Kwayoyin Rotten suna kiransa saprotrophs, tare da kwayoyin ƙwayoyi. Dukansu biyu sun rabu da kwayoyin halittu - masu dauke da nitrogen da carbon dauke da su. A lokuta biyu, ana fitar da makamashi da ake amfani dashi don ciyarwa da kuma tallafawa microorganisms. Ba tare da kwayoyin ƙwayoyi ba (alal misali, madara mai yalwaci), 'yan adam ba za su karbi irin kayan abinci masu muhimmanci kamar nafirci ko cuku ba. Ana kuma amfani dasu a cikin dafa abinci da ruwan inabi.

Amma kwayoyin juyawa na saprotropic zai iya haifar da cin abinci. Wannan tsari, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana tare da saki mai yawa na carbon dioxide, ammoniya, makamashi, guba ga abubuwa masu rai, da kuma dumama da maɓallin (wani lokaci kafin motsa jiki). Sabili da haka, mutane sun koyi yadda za su haifar da yanayin da juyawar kwayoyin cuta su rasa ikon su na haifuwa ko kuma su lalata. Irin wannan bita da kuma pasteurization za a iya dangana da irin wannan matakan kare kayan, wanda za'a iya kiyayewa don kwanan lokaci kaɗan. Har ila yau suna rasa dukiyarsu lokacin da samfurin ya daskarewa. Kuma a zamanin d ¯ a, lokacin da ba a san hanyoyin zamani ba, daga lalacewa ta microflora pathogenic, ana kare samfurori ta hanyar bushewa, salting, sugaring, yayin da kwayoyin halitta sun daina aiki a cikin gishiri da sukari, kuma a lokacin bushewa, yawancin ruwa da ake buƙata don ci gaba da kwayar cuta .

Bacteria na lalata: muhimmancin microorganisms a cikin biosphere

Halin kwayoyin irin wannan ga dukkanin duniya a duniya ba za a iya daukar su ba. A cikin halitta, sabili da aiyukan haɗakarwa, tsari na lalacewar dabbobi da tsire-tsire masu mutuwa da haɓakawa na gaba suna ci gaba. Sakamakon abubuwa masu sauki da mahadi na yanayi mara kyau, ciki har da carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulphide da sauransu, sun shiga cikin rarraba abubuwa, suna zama abincin don tsire-tsire, rufe karfin makamashi daga wani wakilin flora da fauna na duniya zuwa wani, bada yiwuwar haihuwar sabuwar rayuwa .

Sakin nitrogen bai samuwa ga tsire-tsire masu girma ba, kuma ba tare da haɗuwa da kwayoyin juyawa ba zasu iya cikawa da ci gaba.

Kwayoyin Rotten sun shiga kai tsaye a cikin tsarin tafiyar da ƙasa, suna rushe kwayoyin halittar kwayoyin halitta a cikin sassanta. Wannan dukiyoyin su suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a aikin noma da sauran nau'o'in ayyukan mutum.

A karshe, ba tare da muhimmancin ayyukan da kwayoyin halittu ke bayarwa ba, yanayin duniya, ciki har da wuraren ruwa, zai kasance tare da gawawwakin dabbobi da tsire-tsire, kuma a lokacin da duniya ta kasance yawancin su sun mutu!