Ground-iska matsakaici: peculiarities na yanayi da kuma da halaye

Dukan abubuwa masu rai cewa zauna mu, duniyar tamu rayuwa a karkashin wani yanayi, wanda dace da matakin na ci gaba, fasali na kungiyar da kuma aiki na kwayoyin. Da suke zaune a ƙasar-iska yanayi? Features na yanayi, wanda shi ne mafi yawan, kuma mafi za a tattauna a cikin labarin.

Mene ne mazauninsu

Mazauninsu for kwayoyin kira duk abin da na kewaye da su. Kuma shi ne ba kawai na halitta abubuwa, amma abin da aka halitta da mutum.

Muhalli gane da dama wuraren. Wannan ƙasa-iska, ruwa, ƙasa. Rayayyun kwayoyin halitta kuma iya zama mazauninsu. Alal misali, a cikin hanji ducts dabbobi masu shayarwa parasitize wasu iri lebur da zagaye tsutsotsi.

A totality of duk mazauninsu na biosphere. Wannan harsashi na Duniya, inda rayuwa shi ne zai yiwu. Amma mutumin da ayyukan don haka ya canza shi da cewa malamai sun gano wata kara ilmi. Shi ne ake kira da noosphere. Wannan harsashi na duniya halitta mutum aiki.

Major kungiyoyin kula da muhalli dalilai

All sharuddan da yanayi, wanda su ne wasu har sakamako a kan jikin, kira a matsayin muhalli dalilai. Su ne quite bambance bambancen. Amma da yanayin da tasiri suka kasu kashi da dama kungiyoyin.

• A farko kawo tare da dukan abubuwan da matattun yanayi. Suna da ake kira abiotic. Wannan adadin sunshine, iska zazzabi, zafi da kuma rediyoaktif radiation, iska shugabanci da kuma yanayin da ƙasa. Domin na cikin ruwa kwayoyin irin wannan, gwargwado, kuma igiyoyin.
• Biotic dalilai hada rinjayar duk wani nau'i na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da kuma dangantakarsu da juna. Suna iya zama moriyar juna, tsaka tsaki predatory et al.
• Human ayyukan, canjãwa yanayi, wakiltar wani rukuni na 'yan Adam dalilai.

Mazauninsu na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta

Kowane mazauninsu na da musamman fasali da kuma halaye. Alal misali, ruwa mafi alhẽri daga sauran abubuwa rike zafi, don haka da yawan zafin jiki oscillations a cikinta ne negligible. A ƙasa sakamako da kuma haske da zafin rana kullum rage girmanta. Sashi na jiki ne mai parasitic hanyar rayuwa, da suke zaune a wasu jihohi. A mataki da kuma muhimmancin muhalli dalilai a irin wannan yanayi ne ma kiyaye zuwa m.

Features na ƙasa-iska mazauninsu ta'allaka ne da cewa shi ne mafi bambancin da hadaddun. Wannan al'amari yana mai ma'ana bayani.

Features na ƙasa-iska mai rai yanayi

The wuya daga cikin tsari da kuma yanayin yanayi saboda da cewa shi ne located a jamsin na dama Gwargwadon membranes - hydro, litho - da kuma yanayi. Saboda haka, kwayoyin da cewa rayuwa a cikin shi an rinjayi da dalilai na kowane daga cikinsu. Su tsarin fasali da damar su yin tsayayya kwatsam canje-canje a cikin zazzabi, canje-canje a cikin sinadaran abun da ke ciki na iska da kuma danshi.

Abiotic dalilai ne ƙasa-iska yanayi

Features na ƙasa-iska habitats hada da dalilai da dama. Da fari dai, yana da mafi ƙasƙanci yawa daga iska. A low yawa daga cikin iska taro damar ta occupants saukin motsa a ƙasa, ko kuma tashi.

Wani alama ne da cewa iska ne a akai motsi. Wannan "kwarara" samar da sarrafa kansa motsi da yawa mazaunan da su na rayuwa kayayyakin. Wannan shuka tsaba, spores na fungi da kwayoyin cuta, kananan kwari da kuma arachnids. A wannan yanayin da yanayi matsa lamba a cikin wannan yanayi yana da wani low index wanda kullum ne 760 mm Hg. Change wannan girma take kaiwa zuwa wani take hakkin physiological matakai na gida mazauna. Saboda haka, a lokacin da matsa lamba da rage-rage tare da tsawo ikon soke oxygen a cikin jini jini. A sakamakon haka, ya zama ƙasa numfashi zama mafi m, sakamakon wuce kima asarar danshi.

Kwayoyin ƙasa-iska yanayi

Daya daga cikin siffofin da dukan abubuwa masu rai ne da ikon daidaita. Musamman dabba-cum-iska yanayi, kazalika da sauran kwayoyin, ya ta'allaka ne da cewa su ne duk a cikin tsarin juyin halitta ya samu karbuwa ga kwatsam zazzabi canje-canje, da sauyin yanayi da kuma canza yanayi.

Alal misali, mutane da yawa shuke-shuke ya fuskanci fari da sanyi ne gyare-gyare na tushen da kuma harbe. A albasa da Leek Tulip tushen karas da gwoza ganyen Aloe ruwa da aka adana da kuma dole kayan. A spores da kwayoyin cuta da kuma shuke-shuke, microscopic dabba Kwayoyin suna canjawa wuri zuwa wuya yanayi a Jihar cysts. Duk da haka, rufe su da wani m harsashi, da kuma duk tafiyar matakai na rayuwa an rage zuwa m. Lokacin da ya fi karfinsu lokacin da aka kammala, da Kwayoyin suna rarrabu kuma canjawa wuri zuwa aiki kasancewar.

A dabbobin da yawa, ƙasa-iska matsakaici kafa ta wani hadadden tsarin na thermoregulation da zafi musayar tare da kiyaye muhalli, saboda wanda da yanayin jikinsu ya rage m ko da kuwa da kakar.

Effect na anthropogenic factor

mutum aiki canza mafi ne ƙasa-iska yanayi. Features na yanayi da suke a farko na halitta, da ya rage irin wannan, watakila, kawai a Arctic Hamada. Low yanayin zafi yin wannan halitta yanki a cikinsa. Saboda haka, musamman kwayoyin ƙasa-iska yanayi ta'allaka ne da cewa suna da wani mafi girma da tasiri na mutum dalilai idan aka kwatanta da sauran occupants na muhalli maharibai.

Man sabobin tuba halitta shimfidar wurare da ƙasa, canja gas abun da ke ciki na yanayi, da sinadaran-akai na kasar gona rinjayar da tsarki na ruwa. Ba dukkan kwayoyin da lokaci zuwa daidaita zuwa hanzari canza yanayin lalacewa ta hanyar rinjayar anthropogenic dalilai. Abin baƙin ciki, da mummunan tasiri a kan mutum ƙasar-iska yanayi a halin yanzu rinjaye a kan dukan} o} arin da ceton rayuka.

Global muhalli damuwa ƙasa-iska mazauninsu

Kamar yadda ta shafa mutum da aka yi ƙasar-iska yanayi? Features na yanayi, da manyan jiki Manuniya a mafi halitta yankunan dace da rayuwa ba, canza. Wannan ya kai ga zargin duniya matsalolin muhalli a duniya. Industrial aiki ya sa da canji a cikin gas abun da ke ciki na yanayi. A sakamakon haka, da iska Halicci manyan, idan aka kwatanta da na kullum, da maida hankali carbon dioxide tara oxides na sulfur da nitrogen, freons. Result - xumamar duniya, da greenhouse sakamako, daga halakar da lemar sararin samaniya Layer, acid ruwan sama, smog kan manyan birane.

A sakamakon matalauta muhalli management rage total yanki na gandun daji, wadda ne "huhu" na duniya tamu, samar da duk live oxygen. A tsawon lokaci, albarkatun ma'adinai ne tikis da ragewa ƙasa haihuwa.

Saboda haka, shi ne mafi bambancin ƙasa-iska yanayi. Features muhalli ƙarya a wurinta a jamsin na dama halitta yanayin envelopes. Its main halaye ne low yawa, matsa lamba da kuma motsi na iska talakawa, haƙuri yanayi gas abun da ke ciki, da volatility zafi yanayin, canza yanayin damina da kuma yanayi. Na musamman muhimmancin ga al'ada aiki a kasa-iska yanayi yana da zafi da kuma yawan zafin jiki yi.