Dual ikon a Rasha (1917): tebur, haddasawa da kuma sakamakon

A Fabrairu juyin juya halin gaba daya ya canza matsayin zamantakewa da siyasa tsarin da tsohon Rasha Empire. da yawa gwamnatin Tsarin aka soke, shi ya fara wani tsanani gyaranta na burokrasi. A farko, duk wannan wani lokacin haddasa quite na ƙwarai, m siffofin shugabanci. A m misali ne dual ikon a Rasha a 1917 game da ta haddasawa da kuma sakamakon da ya kamata a tattauna dabam.

Mene ne wannan?

A sakamakon juyin juya halin Rasha ya da mulki wajen asali naúrar, wanda aka kafa ta wucin gwamnatin da Tarayyar Soviet na Ma'aikata 'da Sojoji' wakilai. By cewa lokaci, abun da ke ciki na gwamnatin ya zuwa goma mutane: hudu cadets, biyu Octobrist, daya progressives kuma SR, kazalika da daya wakilin daga lardin Council da kuma wadanda ba jam'iyyar memba. A abun da ke ciki na Board kunsa, yafi Social yunkuri da kuma Mensheviks. Sun yi imani da cewa su jiki ne har yanzu ba shirya mulkin jihar, saboda haka ya kamata iyakance dubawa na gwamnati.

Saboda haka, dual ikon a Rasha a 1917 - wani tsarin gwamnati a wadda ikon da aka rabawa tsakanin su biyu jikinsu: da wucin gwamnatin da majalisar Ma'aikata 'da kuma manoma' wakilai. Rubuce, irin wannan makirci yakan haifar da juna iko da kuma rigakafin "kinks" cewa amfana kawai wasu wasu zamantakewa strata. A yi, shi ya juya waje, ba sai mai kyau.

dalilai

Af, me ya sa a general akwai dual ikon a Rasha a 1917? A dalilan da wannan wajen banal. Da fari dai, mun lura cewa dukan siyasa a Rasha a lokacin yi okin su ikon, amma ya yarda a tsakãninsu da suka gaske ba su aiki.

Bugu da kari, akwai cikakken unwillingness to kai alhakin ayyukansu. Ba cewa sauti saba? Alal misali, ba wanda zai iya kuskure ya kawo kasar daga cikin yaki, ko da yake an dade da gane cewa aikin banza ne duka sassa na al'umma. Duk da yake dual ikon a Rasha a 1917, akwai kusan kome da aka yi don a real canja wuri na ƙasar ga manoma, wanda ake jiran da yawa kamar yadda a 1861. Hakika, duk da shi kafa da mutane a kan wucin gwamnatin da Board.

Majalisar da gwamnatin Relations

Gwamnatin rinjaye biyu wuraren view a kan hali zuwa gurguzu Council. Dukansu sun kama: a farkon yanayin, da wakilai, sun gaskata cewa ba shi yiwuwa a yi wani asasshe a duk, a karo na biyu - abin da ya kamata a hankali sakonnin duk management manufofi. Amma, a gaskiya an kaucewa watsi da majalisar ba zai iya zama, tun da shi ya dogara da goyon bayan da makamai mutane.

Kuma saboda a da'awarsu, wanda aka soma Maris 3, 1917, tare da shi da shi da aka amince da cikakken siyasa afuwa shelar 'yancin walwala da kuma yarjejeniyoyin da babban birnin kasar azãba, haramta aji da kuma aji nuna bambanci, da kuma ma ya ruwaito a kan babban taron na majalisar da aka kafa.

RIKITARWA a cikin Maris jawabi

Kwaɓe, wanda ya sanya wani dual ikon a Rasha a 1917, shi ne cewa mabiya wadannan gudanarwa ba ta ambaci na wani na ƙarshe na wani m yaki, kuma game da kwata na gonaki ƙasar. Bugu da kari, da yi musu alkawari da yake da'awarsu, na kasar Jamhuriyar ma bai faru ba. Ba ko kadan, wannan ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa da wucin gwamnatin nemi a cewa duk abin da ya mayar da hankali duk jihar ikon a hannunsu.

Me ya bayyana tsarin karo na farko bayan da Fabrairu juyin juya halin?

Da farko, da haihuwa administrative na'ura aka cikakken kiyaye su. A wurin da gwamnonin na amintacce gwamnatin kwamishinoni da aka dasa. Dokokin da cikakken kasance iri guda. A 'yan sanda da aka maye gurbinsu da wasu mutãne ta mayakan. A farko, mutanen da amincewa a cikin wucin gwamnatin, kamar yadda mutane sun gaskata cewa membobinta karshe kawo karshen yaki da kuma kawo ƙasar daga rikicin.

Saboda haka, dual ikon a Rasha. 1917 a cikin yadi, a cikin ƙasar tari na warware matsalar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki matsaloli. Resources a magance su sun kusan duk zamantakewa strata sun ga sabon hukumomi, tun da tsarist gwamnati a 'yan shekarun nan zuwa ga aikata kome ba, da sauri da kuma decisively to kawo kasar zuwa wani rikicin. Amma saboda wasu dalilai da shi bai yi aiki ba da wucin gwamnatin?

ikon kuskure

Jawabi mafi latsa batun a ƙasa da aka dakatar da zuwa na karshe, har sai da taro na majalisar da aka kafa. Saboda haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa yawan da yawan da gwamnatin ta sake zama maƙiya da dan hanya. Tashin hankali saka, sa'an nan ya fara da crises na wucin gwamnatin.

18 Afrilu P. N. Milyukov, wanda shi ne a wancan lokacin ministan harkokin wajen kasar, ya ce a cikin wani sako ga masõyansu cewa Rasha, duk da kome da kome, da yake faruwa "yãƙi a cikin m karshen." Dubban mutane suka fita don nuna rashin amincewarsu, ba so ka aika da 'yan uwa a duk m yaki. Milyukov kuma ministan tsaron kasar A. I. Guchkov aka nan da nan sallame. Tuni a farkon watan Mayu, cikin wucin gwamnatin hada da wasu daga cikin Mensheviks da SRs.

gwamnatin hadaka

Wannan shi ne lokacin da gwamnatin hadaka, lokacin da kasar da aka mulki ta hanyar 10 "arzikin masu arziki" da kuma "shida socialists". Duk da haka, duk da matsaloli warware, ko shi iya ba. A irin wannan yanayi, shi da aka haifa musamman sharadi gwargwado, don tallafa wa mutanen Bolshevism. 3 Yuni, 1917 a farko All-Union Congress of Soviets yi Lenin V. I., wanda ya riga ya komo daga zaman talala.

Ya ce cewa jam'iyyarsa gani faruwa a kasar wani rikici, a shirye yake ya dauki dukan ikon a hannuwansu da kuma mayar da oda. Saboda haka, dual ikon a Rasha a 1917 duk da sauri fara rasa da goyon bayan dukkan sassan na yawan jama'a. Gwamnati da kuma Policy Council bai son kowa.

Direction - mai mulkin kama karya!

Mensheviks da SRs samu wuya musamman, domin suna "hada da bourgeoisie" a fuskar wucin gwamnatin. A wani samar da yanayi da Bolsheviks akwai fiye da mafi magoya bayan. Abubuwan da suka faru na Yuni 18, ya nuna wannan mafi fili. A wannan rana, majalisar ya shirya wani taron gangami a cikin goyon bayan da na ɗan lokaci gwamnatin. A Bolsheviks ya mayar da martani ga irin wannan sarari barazana nan da nan ya kira ma'aikatan "kwatsam" haduwa.

A St. Petersburg kadai, suka bazama kan titunan ba kasa da ɗari biyar dubu mutanen da suka "kwashe nauyi" to kowane sani taken: "Duk ikon zuwa Soviets!", "Down tare da jari hujja ministocin!", "Down tare da yaki!".

Kasawa a gaban

Gwamnatin rikicin ya ba da nĩsa ba, amma a lokacin kaddamar da wani farmakin da sojojin Rasha a yankin kudu maso yammacin Front. Just kwana goma shi ne gaba daya bogged saukar, Rasha asarar sun babban. A cewar warwatse Siyasa taƙaitawar za a iya kammala da cewa kashe game da 60 dubu sojoji. Zo da wani sabon rikicin siyasa.

Rana ta takwas na Yuli a cikin kwamitin tsakiya na Cadets yanke shawarar gaba daya janye daga "collaborationist gwamnati," wanda a wancan lokaci riga ana shawarce da kasa jam'iyyun na Ukraine, bayan amincewarsa a kan sharuddan da a saki wannan sabon-haife kasar daga kasar Rasha.

Ba da da ewa titunan St. Petersburg ya sake taso dubban zanga-zanga da ya faru a karkashin taken na da canja wurin da dukan iko da Bolsheviks. Wannan lokaci da yanayin da ake ciki da wahala da cewa daga cikin mutane akwai mutane da yawa dauke da makamai da sojoji da matuƙan. Kullum, dual ikon wanzu sun fi mayar saboda bangaskiyar da mutane a Rasha 1917 a gaskiyar cewa 'yan kungiyar ba za su iya dakatar da yaki. Lokacin da cewa bai faru ba, da yiwuwa na za ~ e da aka rasa nan da nan.

faɗuwar rana dual ikon

Gwamnatin ta dauka a nan mai banrazana yanke shawara a kan bukatar amfani da karfi. Yana kashe akalla 700 mutane, da kuma jama'a gwamnati ne a hankali ya fara zamewa cikin wani banal mulkin kama karya. An gabatar Martial doka a cikin babban birnin kasar da sauri deduced soja raka'a aka gaba daya rufe kusan duk m jarida.

Biyu gwamnatin hadaka

Ya bayar da umarni a kan speedy kama V. I. Lenina da G. E. Zinoveva, wanda a wancan lokaci aka karkashin jagorancin Bolshevik Party. Yuli 24, aka kafa "na biyu edition" na gwamnatin hadin gwiwa, wanda wannan lokaci hada da takwas "arzikin masu arziki" da bakwai "socialists". Fira Ministan kasar da sabon ikon zama sananne A. F. Kerensky.

Domin abin da ya faru da zamantakewa upheavals ta hanyar da ta kawo karshen dual ikon a Rasha a 1917? Table takaice ya bayyana yadda ya faru sau uku kafin rikicin, da kuma haddasawa da ya kai ga su.

A gaskiya, da dual ikon a Rasha a 1917 da kuma ƙare a cikin wannan, tun bayan halittar gwamnatin jihar zahiri gangarawa ta Mensheviks. Kawai sa, game da wani ikon-sharing iko na magana ba ya je. Saboda haka, abin da ya jagoranci dual ikon a Rasha a 1917? Sakamakon m:

• Akwai Brewing wata babbar zamantakewa rikicin.
• The sojojin da kuma sojojin ruwa sun fili ba a gefe na gwamnati.
• Don kawo kasar daga cikin yaki ba daya shiga.
• Land ga manoma, aka ba canjawa wuri.
• Dole zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da sake fasalin, da mutane ba jira.

A general, da diarchy a Rasha a 1917, wanda kewaye, ya sha nanata kawo sunayensu a sama, akwai mai ban mamaki misali na yadda mai rauni, kuma m siyasa "Dorval" ga hukuma, da ikon aikata wani abu da gaske amfani. A Bolsheviks da kuma kama zukatan mutane da cewa zaba ba kawai don rant, amma don yin aiki.

Sun tsaya har yanzu Rasha ta sa hannu a cikin yaki, ko da yake shi bai yi haka ta hanyar "m Brest Aminci", kamar yadda Lenin kansa ya yi magana kai tsaye. Duk da haka, da farko na zumunta a kwantar da hankula da kuma yi musu jinkiri ga kasar kasance daraja. Muna fatan ka koya game da abubuwan da taba tsaya dual ikon a Rasha a 1917 Table, wanda muka nakalto a sama, ya bayyana dalilan.

Kornilov bore

Bayan da dual ikon da aka shafe, da ƙoƙari na gama duk siyasa a kasar da aka yi domin su hana shi daga slipping cikin hargitsi na yakin basasa. A tsakiyar Agusta dauki wuri mafi jama'a taron, wanda ya samu halartar duk siyasa na kasar. Bugu da kari ga Bolsheviks. Alas, da yunkurin cimma yarjejeniya kasa domin umpteenth lokaci: da Mensheviks kira ga real gyare-gyare da lafiya tare da Council, da bourgeoisie kuma nace a kan mulkin kama karya da kuma m kawar da duk socialists.

A cikin wadannan yanayi ya zama zai yiwu juyin mulkin soja, "a cajin" daga abin da yake Janar LG Kornilov. Da shirin hada ba kawai jimlar kawar da Bolshevik shugabanni, amma kuma da janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a a matakan da tattalin arziki, da sabuntawa na kisa a Navy da kuma a cikin Army. Kwanan nan, ya zama dole a dakatar da hanzari girma fadada sojojin. Kornilov shayi: da shi haura kusan duk jam'iyyun siyasa, wanda aka ba sha'awar da sabuntawa na sarauta mulkin kama karya na. A lokacin da ya gabata, da fitina da aka mur.

Idan ka hankali karanta kashi na farko na cikin labarin, ku yiwuwa tuna cewa dual ikon a Rasha a 1917 ƙare a sakamakon cirkaka wakilai, da kuma wucin gwamnatin. A wannan ne saboda da m events: samun, a karshe, da real ikon, duk jam'iyyun siyasa sun auku a kula. Su mambobi riga bai bukatar wani abu, amma saboda Bolsheviks aka saukin kama jihar gwamnati a cikin hannuwansu, ta amfani da cikakken goyon bayan gaji da dukan da wannan mutane.