Kan aiwatar da bauta kana da manoma a Rasha ya dauki da dama ƙarni. Tun zamanin mulkin Ivan III, lokacin da kafa wani Karkasa jihar , gangarawa zuwa Moscow, kuma zuwa cikakken bautar dauki ƙarni biyu. Yana duk fara da St. George ta Day a farko Sudebnik sa'an nan haramta shekaru, da nada shekaru. Links na daya sarkar, da kuma kowane dole ne a yi la'akari a tare da tare da sauran.
St. George ta rana
St. George ta Day - a bikin St. George a karshen watan Nuwamba. Tun da farko Sudebnik 1497 miƙa mulki na manoma da sauran gonaki ƙuntata mako kafin da kuma bayan mako a wannan rana. Ƙare sake zagayowar na aikin da ake biya kudi domin amfani da outbuildings, kuma tillers na iyali iya barin ka nemi wani m abinci daga wani rundunar. Gaskiyar cewa karancin aiki ya wanzu a Rasha. Sarkin sarakuna ya ba da ƙasar a gare sabis da kuma aiki a kan shi babu daya. Saboda haka votchinniki da gidan haya gasa da juna to overtighten manoma da kansu, samar da mafi kyaun yanayi na rayuwa da kuma aiki.
kare bazara
By karshen zamanin Ivana Groznogo a cikin tattalin arziki Sphere mulki cikakken devastation. Play Livonian War oprichnina siyasa da kuma gurgunta kasar kasafin kudin, akwai kufai gidan haya da kuma patrimonial asashe. A karkashin wadannan yanayi, ta ƙara hijirarsa na yawan jama'ar, da manoma, sau da yawa koma daga wuri zuwa wuri in search na mafi rayuwa. Saboda haka Ivan a faɗuwar rana ta sarautarsa, karɓa wa ro bauta wa mutane shigar da ake kira kare shekara, wanda sun tsammani da nada shekaru. Wadannan su ne sau da ban manoman amfani da dama na St. George ta Day. An yi shawarar a matsayin wucin gadi, amma kamar yadda suka ce, babu wani abu mafi m fiye da wucin gadi.
ajali shekaru
Wani mataki don rage 'yancin manoma, shi ne gabatarwar lokaci da iyaka shekaru. Shekara na su bayyanar da aka ba m har karshen. Pre - wannan shi ne zamanin karshe Ryurikovicha Fedora Ivanovicha, amma a zahiri tsunduma a cikin management na jihar dokar Tsar Boris Godunov. Kalmar "gyarawa shekaru" Bai shafi a cikin littafai na zamanin. 1597 duk da haka, a mafi yawan litattafai akan Rasha tarihin aka bayyana a matsayin ranar da gabatarwar da lokaci na gudanar da bincike da manoma da suka tafi da gida gefe ta haramta shekaru. Wannan shi ne, a lokacin da mi} a mulki da aka dakatar. Da shi shi ne kawai hanyar ga manoma canza wani abu a cikin rayuwarsu. Saboda haka suka gudu zuwa wani ba tare da izinin da mallaki gidaje. The samun rundunar sha'awar shi, don haka boye hijira. Taskmgr shekaru - a lokacin da mai shi daga cikin manoma iya daukaka kara zuwa zartarwa dalĩli, wata sanarwa game da asarar da maza. Idan manoma samu a cikin iddarsu (darasi), sa'an nan ya koma ta gabata mai shi.
Dates bincike manoman
A farko dokokin sarki aka gabatar biyar-shekara sharuddan gudanar da bincike na manoma, sa'an nan kuma wannan lokacin aka ƙara zuwa bakwai, goma da goma sha biyar. A farkon 17th karni a wasu yankunan saboda yunwa da aka soke haramta shekaru, ya kuma inganta nada shekaru. Wannan, duk da haka, ba ya nufin cewa bautar da tsari da aka kare, wajen dakatar da m events na Lokaci na matsaloli. A farko sarakunan Romanov daular, a manufofin da maneuvering tsakanin manufofin daban-daban sassa na al'umma, ciki har da gonaki a daban-daban matakan. Wasu bukaci cewa Sarkin rage lokaci leƙo asirin ƙasa runaway, wasu - karuwa. A cikin sha'awa na magance kudancin ƙasashe na gwamnati ko da ya tafi zuwa ga soke lokaci da iyaka shekaru. A hankali, duk da haka, rai da ake samun mafi alhẽri, bukatun da gonaki ta matso, mulkin gargajiya yanayin samar bukaci halatta serf dangantaka.
Soke lokaci da iyaka s
A kan jirgin Alexei Mikhailovich da dama manyan tarzoma. The rare damunsu aka alakanta da kafa sabuwar jiha da kuma coci umarni da tabarbarewar rayuwar. Kamar yadda yakan faru ne, a jihar suka yi ƙarfi kuma aukaka, yayin da mutane samun poorer. A 1648, akwai wani Salt Riot, da farko na Mutuwa m tashin hankali. Firgita tawaye matasa sarki ya kira da Zemsky Sobor. Yana saukar da yawa saba wa juna na mulkin gargajiya jihar. Duk da haka, sakamakon da aka tallafi na wani sabon sa na dokokin na Rasha da ake kira "The Conciliar Code". Amma ga manoma, aka mai da su ga dũkiyar da mulkin gargajiya iyayengiji masu zaman kansu dukiya. Duk waɗanda suka lanci runaway manoma da aka hukunta. Kuma wa kansu hijira warware kowane lokaci da iyaka, bayan da suka iya fatan a samu 'yanci daga mai shi. Saboda haka, sokewa lokaci da iyaka shekaru, da ke rubuce a cikin 1649, a nufi da finalization na serfdom. Yanzu lifelong kowane mai shi wanda ya yi ritaya daga hadarin da ake kama da mayar da su zuwa ga mai shi, wanda zai azabta shi ga wani dalili. Wannan ba ya nufin cewa da harbe sun tsaya, amma manoma ba gudu zuwa wani mai shi, kuma zuwa kudu, a cikin Cossack asashe. Tare da wannan jiha aka kuma ƙaddara ta kai wani dogon yaki.