Soviet mainline fasinja locomotive NE: tarihi, fasaha halaye

1937 ya da wani alama ga Paris saboda World nuni faruwa a can. "Search" (m sunan fasinja locomotive "Iosif Stalin") samu ta Grand Prix. A wannan lokaci shi ne mafi iko locomotive a Turai. Kamar yadda irin wannan shi ya zauna a cikin tarihi na Soviet tururi locomotive.

Gaba na lokaci

Steam Engine wani fasinja version na riga data kasance kaya tururi Wand "Felix Dzerzhinsky" sanya daga shekarar 1931 zuwa 1941 a Lugansk locomotive shuka. Yana da aka halitta saboda ya karu sau da yawa ƙara da yawa - a cikin kasar da aka samar da masana'antu. Steam Engine ya na da irin 1-4-2. Abin da ake nufi? Ya kasance cikin tuki aksali 4, a Muller da kuma 2 goyon baya a wani m firam. A IS20-241 model aka gabatar da Duniya ta Fair. Ra'ayi bayyana sunyi baki daya - wannan locomotive gaba a lokacinsa.

A duk-sababbin locomotive

By farkon samar da wannan mu'ujiza da fasaha, an riga an kafa a Amurka iko locomotives ga zirga-zirgar fasinja - "Mountain," "Hudson" da "Lokovanna". A wannan axial dabara kamar yadda ICs, yana da wani North American kaya m Berkchir. Amma shi ne tushen daban-daban a wasu madaidaci daga Soviet locomotive tsara don nauyi akwatin gidan da fasinja kai tsawon nisa, motsi a wani jinkirin gudun a kan m waƙoƙi kamar "2A".

m yanayi

Steam Engine bai zo daga babu inda. Soviet tururi locomotive fara samar da 20-ies karni na karshe. Ganin tara kwarewa a cikin Kolomna shuka aikin locomotive "Mikado" da aka halitta a shekara ta 1929. Amma da aikin da aka ba a aiwatar, kuma a shekarar 1931 ya fara haifar da ƙarin iko locomotive. Daya daga cikin manyan bukatun da aka matsakaicin interchangeability daga sassa da tururi engine jerin "Felix Dzerzhinsky". Bugu da kari, da Steam Engine ya yi gogayya, 50% fi a tururi Wand irin SU, ko "inganta Sormovo" ( "Dry"), samar a 1924.

da tsare-tsaren zarce

A watan Fabrairu, da zane da aka bai wa Jamhuriyar Ofishin locomotive ga cikakken zane, da kuma a watan Afrilu kammala lissafin. Manufofi da aka wuce - zanen kaya gudanar da su sa m da PD ne ba kawai da Silinda, tukunyar jirgi, aksali-kwalaye, axles da sauran sassa, suka sanya shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da wani makirci na spring dakatar (a tsarin for daidaitawa da bodywork). A watan Afrilu, ci gaban fall daga cikin zane ofisoshin locomotive shuka a Kolomna, wanda, tare da sa hannu na Izhora sha'anin a farkon Oktoba 1932 samar farko locomotive.

Fiye da m yi

By karshen Disamba wannan shekara, an taru a biyu locomotive. All 1933 wannan model ake piloted a uku Railways - ta Kudu, Catherine da kuma Oktoba. A talakawan ikon, wanda ya nuna wani locomotive na 2,500 HP, da kuma sau daya a kan Yunƙurin na 8% a yankin "Moscow Bologoe" shi ya kai 3400 HP A tsakãtsaki ne fiye da biyu sau (mãkirci kawai 50%) wuce damar "bushewa". The most a Turai da kuma an tilasta da tukunyar jirgi (80 kg / m ² • h), wanda wuce har ma da rikodin "FD" (65 kg / m ² • h).

Saka a rafi

A na gaba jam'iyyar majalisa, da aka gudanar a 1934, shi ne wani muhimmin mataki - Steam Engine jerin ( "Iosif Stalin") a cikin wadannan, shi ne na biyu shekaru biyar shirin ya zama babban fasinja Railway a wurin shakatawa na kasar. Amma Kolomna factory bai da ikon, ka gudu zuwa cikin wani taro kwarara daga irin locomotives. By karshen 1935, sun aka saki kawai shida. Duk da haka, gina a cikin 1927-1931 ta sabon shuka Voroshilov inji factory iya samar da ya kwarara daga cikin saki da locomotives da block cylinders da Squared Frames.

Ko da mafi alhẽri, mafi kyau

Ga daya kawai a shekarar 1936, an saki 3 locomotive. Wasu bayanai idan aka kwatanta da Kolomna tururi engine da aka inganta, misali, wadannan inji mai 6-aksali m maimakon 4-aksali, wanda ya wanzu a baya shida. M ruwa ya zama mafi aminci kuma mafi elongated siffar, wanda inganta bayyanar da engine, kuma dukan jirgin kasa. Kuma a cikin 1937 da shuka ta danna kan manyan-sikelin samar, samar 105 locomotives. Mafi yawa daga duk, 174 guda, aka saki a 1940, kafin yaki ya fara a 1941, yana da 81 locomotive. Last tururi engine na wannan jerin aka kammala yi a Ulan-Ude a 1942. Total locomotives "Iosif Stalin" da aka saki 649 raka'a.

gwaji model

A 1937, da Steam Engine an halitta a matsayin wani gwaji 20 16. The model ya faired. Ka dubi locomotive da kuma yarda da mutanen da suka tambaye me ya sa, yin wadannan nagartaccen inji baya a 1937, yanzu kasar sayayya da kama kasashen waje? The fiye da haka, saboda ko da a cikin 1930, a cikin iska rami da aka za'ayi m gwaje-gwaje na engine a streamlined gidaje. A sakamakon haka, an gano cewa godiya ga ikon da tsari da za ka iya lashe 200-250 HP, kuma Ya ƙãra gudun. A locomotive wannan tsari tare da Disc ƙafafun iya ci gaba da shi har zuwa 160 km / h, wanda a lokacin ya kasance mai cikakkar rikodin. Outwardly, ya kasance sosai, sosai na ado.

Soviet sana'a

A gida ne a karshen wani tururi locomotive. M kansa hudu a kan biyu bogies. IC locomotive aka sanye take da DAIKIN birki. Yana iya kara da cewa tukunyar jirgi ya fadi da firebox, wanda shi ne sama da firam kuma yana da American-style tsagi rufi da konewa jam'iyya. Hanyar mu'ujiza Soviet fasaha da tunani shi ne Steam Engine 20 16 wanda bayani dalla-dalla su ne don haka m cewa bai dace da hanyoyi. Jirgin kasa, karkashin jagorancin wannan injuna, ake magana a kai a cikin Soviet sau Courier. Cikakken bayani dalla-dalla, ya yaba da wadanda gwani, suna yadu samuwa.

wasu data

Daya iya kawai lura da cewa locomotive "Iosif Stalin" da bakwai da gatura. Daga cikin wadannan, hudu da aka manyan. PD daga engine, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ya aka bambanta da dabaran dabara. Its taro ne daidai to 133 ton, da hada guda biyu taro 88 m, talakawan gudun - 100-115 km / h. Wadannan locomotives ake sarrafa tare da superheated tururi da kuma biyu-Silinda inji sauki matakai.

Pride injiniya - NE locomotive - aka nuna a uku Soviet kan sarki. A rare Soviet film saki bayan da yaki ( "The jirgin kasa ke zuwa gabas"), wannan locomotive ne a cikin Haske.