Kwayoyin cutar siffar zobe (coccus, micrococci, diplococci): tsarin, size, motsi

Ba tare da wani shakka, cikin kwayoyin ne mafi tsufa halittu a qasa. Cewa suna da hannu a kowane mataki na sake zagayowar kwayoyin halitta a yanayi. Fiye da shekaru biliyoy da ransa da kwayoyin dauki iko da matakai kamar fermentation, narkewa, mineralization, narkewa da sauransu. Kananan, ganuwa zuwa ido sojoji ne a ko'ina. Suna zaune a kan daban-daban batutuwa, a kan mu fata da kuma ko da a ciki da jikin mu. Domin cikakken fahimta da bambancin, zai ɗauki fiye da daya rai. Kuma duk da haka, kokarin da za a duba cikin babban siffofin kwayoyin cuta, mayar da hankali a kan siffar zobe guda-celled kwayoyin.

Mulkin kwayoyin cuta, ko abin da ya yi nazarin ilimin

Namun daji ne zuwa kashi 5 manyan mulkoki. Daya daga cikinsu - da daula da kwayoyin cuta. Akwai biyu subkingdoms sõyayya a matsayin kwayoyin da blue-kore algae. Masana kimiyya sau da yawa koma zuwa wadannan kwayoyin ne Monera, wanda ya nuna halin data haifuwa aiwatar celled, rage zuwa "crushing", da cewa shi ne rabo.

Mulkin kwayoyin da hannu a cikin binciken ilimin. Masana kimiyya a cikin wannan shugabanci systematize da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta na mulkin, bincika da ilimin halittar jiki, karatu Biochemistry, Physiology, domin ci gaba da rawa a cikin al'ummar yanayin kasa na duniya.

A general tsarin kwayan Kwayoyin

Dukkan manyan siffofin kwayoyin da musamman tsarin. Su ba su da wani tsakiya kewaye da wata matattarar cewa zai iya raba shi daga cytoplasm. Irin kwayoyin ake kira prokaryotes. Mutane da yawa kwayoyin suna kewaye da wani mucous membrane na kwantena, wanda anka jure phagocytosis. A musamman siffa daga cikin wakilan mulkin ne ikon haifa kowane 20-30 minti.

Kwayan Kwayoyin iya daban-daban siffofi a kan tushen da su rarrabuwa da:

1. Kwayoyin cutar cocci (siffar zobe).
2. Rod-dimbin yawa (bacillus kwayoyin).
3. Twisted kuma mai lankwasa kwayoyin cuta (vibrio da spirilla).
4. Sarkar-kwayoyin cuta (Streptococcus).
5. Acinar form (staphylococci).

Bari mu bincika a cikin mafi daki-daki da kwayoyin cuta ne mai siffar zobe, da na kowa sunan cocci.

Siffar zobe (cocci): wani bayyani na kwayoyin cuta

A lokaci coccus zo a cikin ilimin daga Latin. Its darajar - "siffar zobe" "siffar zobe". Ko da yake akwai wani version cewa Kalmar tana nufin Greek harshe, da kuma ta muhimmanci - "hatsi". Kuma a gaskiya, da kuma a cikin wani akwati, da sunan nuna a waje bayyanar kananan kwayoyin. Wannan yana nufin cewa kwayoyin da siffar zobe taso siffar. Wani lokaci cell iya zama da ɗan elongated da kuma samar da kusa da m, wasu kwayoyin ne dan kadan flattened laterally. All kwayoyin na da irin wannan immobile kuma m na sporulation. A matsakaita diamita na cocci - 0.5-1.5 microns.

Siffar zobe kwayoyin rayuwa a cikin ƙasa, a cikin iska, a kan kayayyakin. Samun a wani m yanayi, da cell fara rayayye kiwon waddan tsari. Kafa a kan surface na fari, m, rawaya ko ja kwayan mazauna. A lokacin haifuwa, kowane siffar zobe misali ta kakkarye, a biyu a wani jirgin saman. Bayan rarraba kwayoyin ne mai siffar zobe ko zama m, ko a hade tare da sauran cocci.

A rabo a cikin jinsunan

Group globular kwayoyin dabam. Ciki da shi akwai mai rabo a cikin daban-daban:

• Gram-tabbatacce siffar zobe micrococci.
• taso biyu diplococci.
• streptococci alaka kwayan sarkar.
• kafa ta rarraba square tetrakokki.
• kafa ta rarraba shigen sukari sartsiny.
• waddan a maras wata-wata hanyoyi staphylococci.

Duk wadannan kwayoyin cocci suna da nasu halaye, wanda ba kawai a kan aiwatar da division. Wannan na bukatar wani karin cikakken bayanin ga kowane.

Features micrococci

A saman zubar micrococci guda mutane ko sababbu gungu. Lokacin sanya, a Micrococcus m gina jiki matsakaici za a iya lura da samuwar santsi, taso keya mazauna da dama launuka (fari, da rawaya, ja). A launi dogara a kan pigment Kwayoyin ko sakewa a launin samfurin a cikin yanayi.

Micrococci ne obligate aerobes. Wannan yana nufin cewa suna bukatar oxygen for numfasawa. By hanyar ciyar da wadannan kwayoyin cuta (siffar zobe micrococci) - saprophytes, ko parasites tilas ba ne. Wannan shi ne, suna iya yi maka da gina jiki ga girmansu da ci daga matattu ko rududdugaggu nama ko ci sauran jikin kyallen takarda.

Micrococci ba pathogenic, watau ba ya karya al'ada aiki, yadda ya dace da kuma mutuncin kyallen takarda. Yawancin wadannan kwayoyin girma a yanayin zafi jere daga 25 zuwa 30 ° C. Amma wasu daga cikinsu suna waje wannan fanni da kuma suke iya haifuwa a zazzabi na 5-8 ° C, ko ba a kashe ta dumama zuwa 60-65 ° C.

A cikin mutane, micrococci ake samu a kan fata a cikin baka rami, da numfashi fili. Lokaci-lokaci al'aura ko conjunctiva.

Musamman mai siffar zobe kwayoyin diplococcus

Akwai kuma wani mai siffar zobe kwayoyin ne diplococci. Wadannan kwayoyin cuta ne mai siffar zobe siffar wanzu a nau'i-nau'i. Yana da wannan fasalin zama tushen da zargin da Kalmar "diplococcus". An kafa daga kalmar Helenanci diploos, wanda za a iya fassara a matsayin "biyu." Medicine kasaftawa a kusa da 80 iri biyu kwayoyin. A cikin jiki, su sau da yawa kare kwantena, wanda shi ne samuwar slimy ba fiye da 0.2 microns lokacin farin ciki. Kwantena ko da yaushe yana da karfi mahada tare da cell ganuwar da kwayoyin cuta, shi ne zai yiwu ga ganewar a pathological kayan smears. Diplokokki amfani da gram-korau da gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin. Su pathogenic. Misalan siffar zobe kwayoyin na zuwa diplokokki - shi ne gonococcus, pneumococcus da meningococcus. Su kabba da ciwon sanyi, lobar ciwon huhu da kuma meningitis.

Gonococcus yana da matsayi na mafi pathogenic jinsunan diplokokkov. Wadannan pathogenic cocci da siffar biyu wake. Amma a wasu lokuta na iya rasa su da hankula siffar da kuma wani nau'i na dintsi na kwayoyin. Don gane da wani shafa dauka gonococci da kuma kayyade yawan leukocytes a cikin jini. Yau, kabba da ciwon sanyi ne ya fi kowa jima'i cuta. Cutar da ake daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar jima'i lamba.

Pneumococci da hankali ba kawai lobar ciwon huhu, amma kuma otitis kafofin watsa labarai, ko sinusitis. A bacteria ne biyu-lanceolate. Shi ne mai ƙayyadadden ajali, amma ta size ne kasa da 1.25 microns. Streptococcus pneumoniae ne mai gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin.

Meningococcus - tururi kwayoyin-kamar-akai buns makale tare. A bayyanar da ɗan kama da gonococcus. Bigiren meningococcus - da mucous membrane na kwakwalwa. Marasa lafiya da ake zargin meningitis dole asibiti.

Staphylococci da streptococci: musamman kwayoyin cuta

La'akari da biyu sauran kwayoyin cuta, globular siffofin an ɗaure ciki daidai, ko suna tasowa a maras wata-wata hanyoyi. Yana streptococci da staphylococci.

Streptococci a da yawa mutum microflora. Lokacin da rarraba siffar zobe kwayoyin halitta necklaces ko sarƙoƙi na kwayoyin. Streptococci zai iya sa kamuwa da cuta da kuma kumburi. Favorite sarrafawa - bakin, ciki, al'aurar da kuma mucous membranes na numfashi fili.

Staphylococci rarrabu a da yawa jirage. Su samar da inabi daga kwayan Kwayoyin. Iya sa kumburi tafiyar matakai a duk tsokoki da kuma gabobin.

Me karshe ya kamata sa mutãne

Wani mutum ma amfani da gaskiyar cewa shi ne sarki na halitta. Mafi sau da yawa, yakan tabbatar kawai ga zaluncin karfi. Amma a duniya akwai dukan daula da hadawa kwayoyin ganuwa zuwa ido. Bã su da mafi girma da adaptability zuwa muhalli, da kuma samun wani tasiri a kan duk biochemical tafiyar matakai. Smart mutane sun dogon gane cewa "kananan" ba ya nufin "m" ko "lafiya." Ba tare da kwayoyin duk rayuwa a duniya kawai a daina. Ba tare da hankali da pathogenic kwayoyin cuta - rasa inganci da hankali mutu fita.