Dinosaur mutu fita? Lokacin da dinosaur zama dadaddun?

Dinosaur - ne tsoho halittun da suka bayyana a duniya game da 225 miliyan shekaru da suka wuce. Domin miliyan 160 da shekaru, waɗannan dabbobi mamaye duniya. nau'i nau'i lokaci dauki game da miliyan 5 shekaru, da kuma yanzu game da miliyan 65 shekaru a duniya su ne ba dabbobi. Akwai da yawa shiriritar dalilin da ya sa dinosaur bace. Suka mutu fitar da daina wanzuwa, waɗannan dabbobi, da muka bayyana, a wannan labarin.

Bayyanar da dinosaur

Duniya aka sanaki jinsuna daban na shuke-shuke da dabbobi biliyan 3 da suka wuce. A ci gaba da tsire-tsire da dabbobi zo ya kuma tafi, da kuma kowane tsari yana da lokaci da kuma lokaci. Dinosaur rayu a duniya a Mesozoic zamanin - ne Triassic, Jurassic da kuma Cretaceous lokaci.

A farko sauki tsire-tsire ne algae, kuma na farko da dabbobi - kananan clams. A bayyanar kifi ya faru game da miliyan 500 da suka wuce. Aƙalla 370 miliyan years ago zo na farko ƙasar dabbobi - halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Dabbobi masu rarrafe - wani sabon rukuni na dabbobi, wanda ya bayyana game da miliyan 300 da suka wuce. A dabbobi sun scaly fata, za su iya sa qwai da kuma zauna a cikin ƙasa. A na gaba a cikin sarkar juyin halitta sun zama dinosaur. Dadaddun dabbobi ba impetus zuwa cin gaban kimiyya kamarsu binciken burbushin halittu.

Description of dinosaur

Daya daga cikin ban mamaki dabbobi da cewa ya rayu a duniya, suna dinosaur. Yadda zama dadaddun da kuma yadda suka zauna, wadannan manyan dabbobi za a iya hukunta ne kawai da burbushin ragowar. Bisa ga daftarin burbushin halittu, za mu iya cewa sun kasance masu rarrafe, kamar crocodiles, kadangaru, kunkuru da kuma macizai. Girman dinosaur dabam a kan wani m kewayon - daga kankanin zuwa Refayawa. Suna da hudu kafafu da kuma a wutsiya. Tsaye da kuma motsi dinosaur a kan mike kafafu, daya - a kan ta Hind kafafu, da sauran - a duk tun kimanin, wasu iya matsawa biyu a kan guda biyu da kuma a kan hudu wata gabar jiki. Mutane da yawa dinosaur da dogon wuyõyinsu, da hakora. Da mazauninsu ya kasance gagarumin, amma 65.000 shekaru da suka wuce, su ba zato ba tsammani ya zama dadaddun.

Dinosaur ya kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyin: Saurischia da Ornithischia. kungiyar bambanci ne a cikin tsarin da pelvic ƙasũsuwa. A Saurischia dinosaur kafafuwa tsarin chetyrohluchevoe, yayin da ornithischian - trohluchevoe. A wasu jinsunan ornithischian da ƙahoni, da zangarniya, makamai.

Ana zargin sha'awa cikin dinosaur

A 30-ies na XIX karni, shi ya fara gano burbushin ragowar dinosaur. Sa'an nan archaeologists bai hašawa yawa muhimmancin a gare su, kuma amma bayan wani lokaci ya bayyana cewa wadannan burbushin kasance a cikin zamanin da dabbobi. The sosai mas'ala ta "dinosaur" da aka gabatar ta Birtaniya dabbobi Richard Owen a tsakiyar XIX karni. Daga cikin Latin "dinosaur" na nufin "m", "m", "m", amma tare da Girkanci harshe - "Raptor", "lizard". Tun daga nan, sha'awa cikin wadannan dabbobi ne kullum girma. Ta yaya shekaru masu yawa da suka wuce da dinosaur zama dadaddun? Amsar wannan tambaya aka bayar da kimiyya na binciken burbushin halittu. Ancient dabba binciken masu bincike, alamar tauraro a cikin fim, da suka zama heroes of littattafai. Kuma duk da haka da yawa amfani da tambaya da yasa dinosaur zama dadaddun, ainihin amsar ba.

A zamanin da dinosaur

A ƙarshen Permian lokacin da aka samuwar guda nahiyar - Pangea. A halayyar alama na wannan lokaci yana da wani duniya volcanic aiki da kuma bacewar game da 90% na dabbobi. Mafi saba da sabon yanayin da dabbobi masu rarrafe. A farkon da Triassic dabbobi masu rarrafe bayyana a kungiyar da ake kira "pelycosaur". By tsakiyar Triassic lokacin da suka canza cikin rukuni na dabbobi masu rarrafe da ake kira "therapsids". A layi daya tare da therapsid ɓullo da wani sabon rukuni na dabbobi masu rarrafe - archosaurs. Wannan rukuni na dabbobi masu rarrafe magabacin duk dinosaur, pliosaurs, crocodylomorpha, ichthyosaurs, pterosaurs da placodont. Wadannan jinsunan dabbobi masu rarrafe da aka kira thecodonts da aka saba da rayuwa a kan ƙasar. Kuma daga gare su sun kasance su ci gaba dinosaur. Dadaddun dabbobi sun saba da kyau da kuma shagaltar da rinjaye matsayi a cikin ƙasar, a ruwa da kuma a cikin iska.

A lokacin Triassic, akwai da wadannan iri dinosaur: tselofizis, mussaurus da procompsognathus. Ci gaba da kuma bullo da kayan lambu dinosaur.

The most dabbobi zauna a Jurassic lokaci. A Late Jurassic lokaci, ya fara bayyana terrestrial dabbobi - Brachiosaurus, Diplodocus, da sauransu.

A Cretaceous a tekuna da kuma tekuna zama prevalent ganima dabbobi masu rarrafe. Akwai sabon iri dinosaur.

A karshen

Cretaceous lokaci - wani lokaci na ci gaba giant kadangaru, pterodakteley iska da kuma marine dabbobi masu rarrafe. A ƙarshen Cretaceous lokaci, akwai tsaga a nahiyar Pangea Gondwana da Laurasia. The Earth ta sauyin yanayi ya zama yawa colder a zura sandunan kafa kankara iyakoki. Akwai flowering shuke-shuke, da kuma ƙara yawan kwari.

Duk wannan ya kai ga nau'i nau'i na da yawa shuka da dabbobi iri, ciki har da dinosaur. Ba su zama dadaddun na dare, amma idan ka yi la'akari da cewa su mamayar tsawon miliyan 160 shekara, su bacewar ya faru wajen sauri. A Sanadin na bala'i da ya faru a cikin Cretaceous lokaci, shi ne har yanzu ba a bayyana.

Amma idan duk dinosaur zama dadaddun? Zuriyar da tsoho dabbobi masu rarrafe suna yanzu data kasance crocodiles, kadangaru da tsuntsãye. A farko tsuntsaye bayyana a cikin Cretaceous zamanin, kuma ta ƙarshen zamanin riga ɓullo da plumage. Lokacin da dinosaur, da tsuntsaye dauki kan baton juyin halitta.

Astrophysical nau'i nau'i jarrabawa

Asteroid ne daya daga cikin na kowa versions. Its fall lokaci zo daidai da samuwar wani bakin dutse Chiksulub (Mexico, Yucatan). Wadannan abubuwan da suka faru ya faru game da miliyan 65 da suka wuce, a lokacin da dinosaur zama dadaddun. Zai yiwu asteroid sa da hallakaswa ayyuka, don haka cewa akwai wani taro nau'i nau'i na duk rayuwa.

A cikin jarrabawa na mahara drop ya furta cewa, asteroid drop ya faru sau da yawa. Bugu da kari akwai bakin dutse Chicxulub bakin dutse Shiva a tekun Indiya, wanda aka kafa a kusa da wannan lokaci. Wannan jarrabawa dalilin da ya sa karewa ya faru a hankali.

Amma duk da haka akwai wani version of a supernova fashewa da karo na wani tauraro mai wutsiya da Duniya.

Sashen da yanayin nau'i nau'i jarrabawa

A duniya akwai gagarumin canje-canje a cikin lokaci a lokacin da dinosaur fara bace. Kamar yadda dabbobi zama dadaddun presupposes ka'idar canji a talakawan shekara-shekara da kuma yanayi da yanayin zafi. Manyan mutane da bukatar a dumi da kuma equable sauyin yanayi. Volcanic aiki zai iya haifar da wani canji a cikin abun da ke ciki na da yanayi da kuma haifar da greenhouse sakamako. Manyan volcanic ash iya fararwa wani volcanic hunturu, ta haka sun canza haske na duniya. Muhimmanci ragewan daga cikin teku matakin, sanyaya teku, canza abun da ke ciki na seawater da tsalle Duniya ta Magnetic filin ma iya taimako zuwa ga nau'i nau'i na dinosaur.

Evolutionary-nazarin halittu jarrabawa nau'i nau'i

Daya daga cikin shiriritar cewa kungiyar bãyukansu ga halin da ake ciki na abin da ya faru na wani taro cutar. Yana yiwuwa cewa dinosaur iya ba daidaita da canza ciyayi, haddasa guba. Chances halakar qwai da kuma kwiyakwiyanta farko carnivorous dabbobi masu shayarwa. Amma duk da haka akwai wani version cewa a lokacin da Ice Age sun bace mace. Masana kimiyya sun samarwa wani version na mutuwa na dinosaur - haki: a cikin yanayi ya kasance mai kaifi karu a adadin oxygen.

Me ya sa dinosaur bace?

Me ya sa dinosaur bace? Kamar yadda wadannan dadaddun tsoho dabbobi? A amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi samar da dama theories da shiriritar, amma babu wani daga cikinsu ba ya amsa duk tambayoyin da cikakken. An sani cewa nau'i nau'i na jinsin fara tun kafin bala'i, da kuma wani astronomical jarrabawa a wannan yanayin ne m. Mutane da yawa theories ba ainihin data, kamar a cikin jarrabawa daga cikin tekuna komawa da baya, ko canji a cikin Magnetic filin. A rashin cikawa na daftarin burbushin halittu iya ba a gurbata hoto.

Hada shiriritar generates mai bayarda hoto. Jarrabawa, complementing juna, ba amsoshin tambayoyi da yawa, da kuma hoto na lokaci ne mafi m da kuma cikakken.

A tsarin juyin halitta - nau'i nau'i na da haihuwa da kuma sabon ilimi - serial. Kuma aiwatar da juyin halitta daga cikin dinosaur kafin karshen Cretaceous lokaci ya faru da sauƙi. Amma saboda wasu dalilai, a karshen na Cretaceous lokaci, tsohon siffofin mutuwa, da kuma sabon bai bayyana, kuma, kamar yadda wani sakamako, akwai cikakken nau'i nau'i na wannan nau'in.

Daga mahangar binciken burbushin halittu

babban nau'i nau'i version dogara ne a kan wadannan abubuwa:

1. Ana zargin flowering shuke-shuke.
2. Sannu a hankali da sauyin yanayi ya sa ta gantali daga nahiyoyi.

Bisa ga kimiyya duniya, da wadannan juna aka kiyaye. Raya tushen tsarin na flowering shuke-shuke da mafi kyau karbuwa ga kasa da sauri maye gurbin sauran iri ciyayi. Shi ya fara bayyana kwari da cewa ciyar da a kan flowering shuke-shuke da kuma kwari a baya bayyana fara bace.

A tushen tsarin na flowering ya fara girma da kuma hana aiwatar da ƙasa yashewa. Nazarin sasannin daina blur, da teku tsaya zuwa gina jiki abu. Wannan ya haifar da depletion na teku algae da kuma mutuwa, wanda, bi da bi, su ne masu kera na biomass a cikin teku. A cikin ruwa, akwai wani take hakkin da al'ummar yanayin kasa, wanda ya jagoranci zuwa taro nau'i nau'i. An yi imani da cewa tashi dabbobi masu rarrafe a hankali alaka da tẽku, sabõda haka, nau'i nau'i na sarkar baza su. A ƙasar suka yi kokarin daidaita da kore taro. Fara bayyana kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma yara kananan size. Yana da wani barazana ga dinosaur zuriyarsa kamar yadda qwai da kuma kwiyakwiyanta dinosaur zama abinci ga yara bayyana. A sakamakon haka, yanayin da aka halitta, korau domin fitowan da sabon nau'in.

Lokacin da dinosaur zama dadaddun, Mesozoic zamanin ne a kan, shi ne a kan da kuma aiki tectonic, yanayin da juyin aiki.

Yara da kuma dinosaur

Interest a zamanin d dabbobi ne ba kawai a cikin manya amma kuma a cikin yara. Yau, da aikin "Me dinosaur zama dadaddun?" Ne kunshe a cikin shirin na gandun daji da kuma na farko azuzuwan. The musamman da suka bambanta da wannan aiki shi ne cewa yaro tasowa kai- fahimi damar iya yin komai, neman amsoshin tambayoyi da kuma samun sabon ilimi. Tambayar da dalilin da ya sa dinosaur zama dadaddun, yara da m kamar yadda ya masana kimiyya. Interest da farko saboda gaskiyar cewa wadannan dabbobi a duniya a yau babu wani daidai amsar wannan tambaya game da Sanadin su bacewar ba tukuna aka samu.