Gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin

Gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin samu da sunan da baya a 1884, lokacin da Danish masanin kimiyya G. gram miƙa Hanyar bincike. Dalili na wannan hanya da aka aza saukar batawa na cell bango na kwayoyin cuta musamman dyes cewa ba da damar su gane biochemical Properties daga cikin cell membranes. A abun da ke ciki na bayani, wanda ya fitar saka launi hada aniline da aidin bayani ga kayyade da launi. Gram m kwayoyin bayan wanka da stained karfi da gram - discolored.

Gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin hada laktobatsillobakterii, micrococcal kwayoyin batsillobakterii da klostridiobakterii. A tsarin da kowane rukuni ne daban-daban kwayoyin yiwuwar ko rashin yiwuwar sporulation, amma a general su ne hankula - da membrane da ribosomal nucleotide.

Clostridia, su ne kullum anaerobes kuma mafi ne a cikin nau'i na da sandunansu, amma wani lokacin cocci. A lokacin da samuwar kwayan spores Clostridium yana da wani lemun tsami siffar. Clostridium suna da ikon haifar da tashin a wasu sunadarai, polysaccharides, amino acid da kuma Pirin. Alal misali, a fermentation tsari ta amfani da Clostridium samu acetone da kuma wasu sauran alcohols. Wadannan kwayoyin iya rayuwa a cikin ƙasa, a cikin ruwa, da narkewa kamar fili halittu masu rai. Domin mutum hatsari Clostridium tetanii (pathogen tetanus), da kuma Clostridium septikum (causative wakili na gas gangrene). Wannan bacteria ne Clostridium botulinum, samar da wani iko guba da take kaiwa zuwa instantaneous mutuwa.

Batsillobakterii ne sanda-dimbin yawa sau da yawa, aerobic, za su iya kafa spores. Bacillus subtilis aka fi sani daga cikin wadannan subspecies, wanda aka rayayye da hannu a cikin aiwatar da bazuwar kwayoyin halitta. Domin mutumin da yake da ha ari bacillus anthracis. Saboda da na halitta Properties batsillobakterii amfani don samar da maganin rigakafi.

Lactobacillus - mai gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin da cewa kada su samar da spores da suke a cikin nau'i na da sandunansu. Darajar da wadannan kwayoyin cuta ne da ikon ferment carbohydrates da kuma shirya da lactic acid. Lactobacilli za a iya samu a abubuwan sha, kiwo kayayyakin, pickled kabeji, pickled. Suna kafa a lokacin ensiling a sakamakon bazuwar daga shuka da dabbobi saura.

Micrococci hada duka biyu aerobic da anaerobic microorganisms cewa ba ta samar endospores. Metabolism ne sau da yawa da nufin gyaran numfashi aiki. Wadannan cocci suna da hannu a aiwatar da bazuwar na abinci, dabba da shuka ya zauna. Mafi shahara wakilin micrococci - aureus. Idan ya samun a kan kayayyakin da suke a cikin zafin rana, to, shi zai fara zuwa rayayye excrete toxin, m ga mutane.

Baya tsaya Mycoplasma, wasu daga wanda har yanzu yarda da su gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin. Mycoplasma - da karami pre-nukiliya, don tabbatar da ba su dauke da wani membrane, ba samar da spores. Mafi yawansu ba su kasance m, amma wasu pathogens iya zama, misali, wani mutum haddasa kamuwa da hadin gwiwa capsules, urogenital gabobin, mucous membranes da numfashi fili. A kala ta gram Hanyar, ba dukkan su iya daidaita rike da launi.

Man shi ne quite wuya "don samun tare" da gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin. Nazarin ya nuna cewa game da rabin dukkan cututtuka a cikin mutane ya sa ta wakilan wannan kungiya. Lokacin da yadda ya kamata adana kayayyakin da kuma na sirri kiwon lafiya yiwuwar maras conflictual unguwa ne babban isa. Amma shigar azzakari cikin farji na jiki, wasu gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin iya tsokana tsanani rikici. A wannan yanayin, da taimakon musamman kungiyar na maganin rigakafi, da adawa da kwayoyin.