Babban Rasha marubuta da kuma kasida?

Kamar yadda aka sani, Rasha gargajiya adabi ya na da wani banbanci ba a duniya. Har yanzu kasance dacewa da ayyuka, wanda ya rubuta a lokacin Rasha marubuta da kuma kasida. Yanzu za mu yi la'akari da mafi halayyar siffofin na hali na Rasha gargajiya adabi, kazalika da dalilan da cewa rinjayi fitowan da irin wannan musamman sabon abu.

A lokacin da samuwar Rasha gargajiya adabi

Kamar yadda muka gani da yawa masana tarihi da kuma wallafe-wallafen sukar, ga lokaci na ƙarshe samuwar Rasha art kalma an dauki XVIII-XIX karni, a lokacin da Rasha gargajiya adabi da aka kafa a matsayin irin akida da kuma ado sabon abu, wanda ya nuna halaye al'ada Rasha ra'ayinmu game da duniya.

A lokacin da wannan lokaci da aka zamantakewa preconditions ga samuwar Rasha m magana cewa ga alama iya yi wani kwarewa. A lokacin wannan lokaci ya halicci babban Rasha marubuta da kuma kasida. Su marar lalacewa ayyukansu, kuma har yanzu karatu ba kawai, ka ce, a Rasha, amma kuma a cikin da yawa kasashen waje.

Rasha wallafe-wallafen al'adunmu ne babbar ba kawai a cikin ikon yinsa, amma kuma a cikin al'adu da dabi'u. Duba, ko da wani yammacin cinema yau rethinks da yawa daga cikin dabi'u na rayuwa da kuma daukan hoto irin sanannun ayyukan Rasha litattafansu kamar "Anna Karenina", "yaki da zaman lafiya", "Laifuka da azãba" da sauransu. D.

Kuma muka ba su magana game da yadda da yawa da aka halitta majigin dangane Pushkin ta tatsuniyoyi, wanda sau da yawa kawo ba kawai m magana, amma kuma mai girma falsafa load.

ruhaniya abubuwan da ake bukata

A general, game da yadda za a ci gaba Rasha na gargajiya wallafe-wallafe, zai iya yiwuwa a lura da cewa shi ya rabu da Western callousness da kuma kafa a lokacin shari'a. Babban rawa aka buga da m Rasha rai da Kirista asalinsu. Rasha marubuta da kuma kasida yi kokarin nuna a cikin ayyukansu, saboda haka yin magana, gaskiya na rayuwa, da rayuwar jama'a, nishaɗi da ingenuousness na Rasha rai da motsin zuciyarmu, ta peculiar.

Kwararru da yawa, kamar I. A. Ilin, daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da kawo ci gaban Rasha jawabin, kira Orthodoxy. Ilyin kaiwa ga fahimtar wannan sabon abu, la'akari da cewa shi ne m da hankula, da kuma "art a Rasha da aka haife matsayin wani aiki na da salla." Wannan kuwa shi ne "singing hikima", wanda na da wani tasiri a kan ci gaban da wallafe-wallafen Genre a duniya fahimtar.

Ci gaba da kuma rinjayar Rasha litattafansu a duniya na adabi

Rasha na gargajiya adabi a general da kuma Rasha marubuta da kuma kasida musamman sun yi wani gagarumin tasiri a duniya wallafe-wallafe. Sai a wannan lokaci quite sabanin wani abu da aka miƙa ta manyan kasashen yammacin Duniya.

Rasha litattafansu tashi daga wasu daya-sidedness of Western sentimentalism, wayewa da kuma romanticism. Hakika, ayyukan za a iya samu a wasu daga cikin dabarun aro daga Yammacin adabi, amma suka yi an yi amfani da, kamar yadda suke, a wani bangare, sai dai da waje ji, ba ta shafi jigon kowane wallafe-wallafen aiki.

Bugu da kari, da yawa marubuta daga cikin lokaci, musamman Lomonosov, Fonvizin da Derzhavin, mutane da yawa sun karkata zuwa kwatanta da Shakespeare, Rabelais ko Lope de Vega, wanda ya zama forerunners na Yammacin Renaissance.

hanyoyin

Sau da yawa sosai a nazarin wannan sabon abu, a matsayin Rasha gargajiya adabi, ake magana a kai da cewa farkon ta ci gaba da ake dangantawa more tare da zamanin Peter I. Daga baya, a cikin XIX karni, Pushkin, Lermontov, litattafan Gogol da su Sahaban, ya yi ĩmãni ya zo da Rasha art kalma zuwa kamala da kuma karshe warware matsalar da shaidar dan kasa.

Shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa babban tasiri a kan ci gaban Rasha litattafansu kuma yana da Patriotic War of 1812. Rasha marubuta da kuma kasida da ya rubuta game da yaki a lokacin sosai. Wanda bai san "Borodino" M. Yu. Lermontova ko "Hussar Ballad" Denis Davydov, wanda ya zama wani labari a lokacin da yake rayuwa? A cikin aikin yawa daga gare su, da babban son ne da aka ba wa kowa mutane, ko da yake su da kansu zo daga nobility. A wannan Pushkin iya zama tare da Decembrists a majalisar dattijai Square.

Dabam, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa, duk da wani bala'i da ke faruwa a da yawa daga cikin litattafansu, sau da yawa sosai za ka iya samun bayyanannu, kuma caustic satire. Haka dauki akalla "Bone ya tabbata daga wit" Griboyedov, "Sufeto Janar" by litattafan Gogol, ko labari.

Rasha marubuta

The ayyukan Rasha marubuta da kuma kasida cancanci duk girmamawa. Ana gane da dukan duniya. Daga cikin marubutan da wuya a ware wani wanda amfanoni da Fatherland a wallafe-wallafen sun fice.

Duk da haka, an yi imani da cewa mafi girma da tasiri a kan samuwar da kuma ci gaban Rasha litattafan da Bolotov, Fonvizin, Karamzin, Zhukovsky, Griboyedov, litattafan Gogol da Saltykov-Shchedrin, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Herzen, Goncharov, Turgenev, Ostrovsky, Nekrasov da yawa wasu. Ayyukansu sun nuna duniya yadda arziki da Rasha harshen, iya bayyana da kuma bayyana wata 'yar alamar inuwõyinta suna kusa, rai.

Mafi shahara kasida

Hakika, a cikin kasida, majalisar zaci Lomonosov da Derzhavin, wanda sharewa asali gada Pushkin, Lermontov, sa'an nan Tiutchev, su ɗauko, da sauransu. D. A general, har ma a tsakanin marubuta na Soviet lokaci, wannan block ne sau da yawa ranked a cikin litattafansu na Rasha poetic kalma.

A musamman rawar da ake buga ta Ivan Krylov, wanda ya rubuta tatsuniya. Duk da haka, kamar yadda vysnyaetsya yanzu, da yawa mãkirci ya ara daga Faransa marubuci La Fontaine, adapting da adapting su ga sa'an nan Rasha gaskiya tare da karfi da alamu.

Features na Rasha al'adu ainihi

Af, idan ka nazarin hotuna na Rasha marubuta da kuma kasida, sun bayar da wani tunani na zamanin, wadda aka tare da unprecedented tasowar m magana. Externally - manya a cikin shawa - talakawa mutanen da suke da dan hanya zuwa ga wadanda mutane pompous sarauta receptions. Duba, saboda kamar yadda da yawa daga cikinsu mugun wayo bayyana mutum rai da kuma ta irin abubuwan! Kila fiye da sau daya, masu karatu da dama da hawaye welling a idanunsa, a lokacin da wannan Gerasimos nutsar da Mu-Mu. Kuma wannan ba kawai misali.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, duk da ya aristocratic asalin, da yawa marubuta na wannan lokacin rubuta game da sauki mutane da su matsaloli. Haka dauki akalla da aka sani ya yi aiki a matsayin "Wa Zaune To a Rasha?" Akwai za a iya koya wa kaina yawa, kuma da yawa na koyo game da rayuwar talakawa mutane.

Zai yiwu zahiri hadin kai na Rasha litattafansu da commoners da kuma nuna, amma suka gaske imani da cewa Rasha rai a duk da tursasawa bayyanar aka bayyana na musamman a mutane.

Poems game da Rasha marubuta da kuma kasida

Mutane da yawa m zuriyarsu, kuma ko da Sahaban rubuta kusan Ode marubuta daga cikin lokaci. Nemi ko da guda code Lermontov Ya halitta unfading har yanzu a fitacciyar, "Mutuwa wani mawãƙi" sadaukar da Pushkin ta mutuwa a duel tare da Dantes.

Amma abin da ya ce! Poets da suka rubuta game da babban Rasha litattafansu, za ka iya canza wurin kusan illa ma sha Allahu. Wannan shi ne Bruce, da kuma Balmont, kuma Ivanov, da kuma Antokolsky da Smelyakov, da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

ƙarshe

Hakika, a daya labarin to la'akari duk da Rasha litattafansu kawai zai yiwu ba. Duk da haka, ga alama cewa sama da topic ba wani tunani na yadda mai girma da tasiri cewa yana a kan duniya adabi Rasha marubuta da kuma kasida. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa babu wani abu abin mamaki a gaskiyar cewa West aka karatu Rasha wallafe-wallafen al'adunmu da kuma biya haraji ga dukan abin da aka halitta da Rasha litattafansu.