Alexander Zholkovsky: rayuwarsa da kuma ayyuka

Masanin ilimin harsuna, marubuci, wallafe-wallafen zargi Alexander Zholkovsky a Rasha a yau ne mafi yawa da aka sani kawai zuwa kunkuntar kwararru. Ko da yake kimiyya ideas har yanzu rayayye ci gaba da daukan hankali haske da kada ɗanɗanonta ya gushe. Mun gaya game da yadda akwai rãyuwar ban sha'awa mutum, kuma ya m hanya.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma asalin

Haife gaba masanin kimiyya Alexander Zholkovsky Satumba 8, 1937 a birnin Moscow a mai ban sha'awa iyali. Uwarsa Deborah Semenovna Rybakova aka sani musicologist, Ph.D., ta sanar da music tarihi a Moscow Conservatory da kuma Music College. Uba Constantine Zholkovsky Platonovich mutu alhãli kuwa musharaka cikin iyo kayaking a kan White Sea, a lokacin da dansa ne kawai 'yan watanni. Alyx mahaifin (haka duk abin da yake har yanzu kira Zholkovsky) maye gurbin na biyu mijin mahaifiyata, Lev Abramovich Mazel - sanannen Soviet musicologist, farfesa ne, a Moscow kide. A lokacin yakin, yaron kuwa yana tare da mahaifansa biyu kwashe to Sverdlovsk. Amma kaka da masu juna biyu kakan, wanda ya rayu a Kiev, buga da Jamus zama kuma ya mutu a Babi Yar.

samuwar

A shekarar 1944 da iyali koma zuwa Moscow, da kuma Alexander Zholkovsky tafi makaranta yawan 50, inda ya kammala tare da karrama a 1954. Wannan yarda da shi ba tare da jarrabawa ba, amma kawai domin hira je kwaleji. Ya zaɓi babbar Faculty of Philology, Romance-Jamus reshe na Moscow Jami'ar Jihar. M. Lomonosov. Harshensa ya English specialization. Student Zholkovsky wani m, yi karatu da kyau, amma ra'ayi ma free. A lokacin da karshe shekara shi ne saboda da Komsomol taron da kuma samu wani tsawatawa, cewa a lokacin da shi ya rufe ta atomatik a rarraba wani fiye ko žasa mai kyau gidan cin abinci.

Hanyar Soviet masanin kimiyya

Bayan samun digiri, Alexander Zholkovsky, godiya ga cẽto, da shiriya, daga cikin malami ne, masanin kimiyya mutunta Vyacheslava Vsevolodovicha Ivanova, shiga cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na na'ura translation a Cibiyar Harsunan Waje. Thorez. Da shi shi ne kawai kimiyya ma'aikata, wanda ba ji tsoro, ka dauki wani free-zurfin tunani. Ya fara ne da wani babban jami'in m, to, ya zama mai junior bincike mataimakin kuma baya ya tashi zuwa babban jami'in bincike. Zholkovsky tsunduma a tsarin ilimin harsuna, da kuma articles lura da wani bajimi masanin ilimin harsuna Igor Aleksandrovich Melchuk. Ya gayyaci matasa masanin kimiyya a aiki kungiyar, wanda sai ci gaba da ka'idar "text-ma'anar" gane daga baya kusan neman sauyi. A sakamakon hadin gwiwa ga hasken da dama wallafe a kan lexical fasali da kuma gwaji Bayani combinatorial kamus na Rasha harshe. Bunƙasa da ka'idar kungiyoyin a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ba ci gaba, da ƙamus da aka buga kawai a cikin 80s a Vienna, bayan Melchuk hijira. A dakin gwaje-gwaje sai ya mai real tawagar freethinkers, ga abin da, a gaskiya, duk abin da aka shafa.

A 1974, ya aka kora daga Zholkovsky MGPI. Wannan shi ne domin bayan da fitar Solzhenitsyn ta wuri freethinking masana ƙwarai rikitarwa, fara wani real tsarkakewa daga kimiyya cibiyoyin. Alexander kawai gudanar don samun aiki a institute "Informelectro" inda Group aiki Yu Apresian karkashin sunan m darektan S. G. Malinina. The kungiyar ɓullo da wani tsari da kuma yi aiki Mel'chukov fassarar inji. Yau, aikin wannan kungiya da aka yadu a gane da kuma rayayye buga a dukan duniya.

taƙaitaccen labari

A layi daya tare da aiki a cikin kungiyar Mel'chukov Alexander Zholkovsky karatu a digiri na biyu makaranta na Cibiyar Oriental Harsuna a Moscow Jami'ar Jihar. The jigo na aikin ya kasance wani m harshen Somali. A shekarar 1968, cikin rubutun da aka gama, Alec riga aiko m, amma management na Cibiyar fara karya tsaron gida. Dalilin da cewa - Zholkovsky hannu da wata wasika a cikin goyon bayan da aka kama adawa da Ginzburg Galanskov da ake zargi da samar da da kuma rarraba samizdat. The Institute ya janye daga dissertation majalisa martani ga post-digiri na biyu Zholkovsky. A cikin fall na 1968 shi ya faru ga Soviet mamayewa na Czechoslovakia, da kuma Alex ya sake daga cikin masu zanga-zanga. MGPI management yanke shawarar tsayar DiSSiDENT kuma ba shi kariya. Amma shi ya hana sallama daga hukumomin gwamnati, wanda a fili goyon bayan Zholkovsky. A sakamakon haka, a cikin bazara na shekara ta 1969, ya ya iya brilliantly wuce kariya hanya, da kuma daga baya ya samu amincewa daga cikin WAC. Wancan, da shi ne kawai DiSSiDENT humanist nasara tsaron gida.

shekaru na gudun hijira

Independent da kuma na fasaha Zholkovsky Alexander, wanda biography aka nasaba ba kawai ga kimiyya amma kuma ga yaki, da zan iya ba shige zuwa cikin Soviet gaskiya, da kuma a shekarar 1979 hijira - na farko zuwa Vienna sa'an nan a Amurka, inda ya zauna har wa yau. Domin shekaru da dama ya yi aiki, na Jami'ar Cornell, da kuma tun 1983 - a Jami'ar Kudancin California. A hankali Alexander Zholkovsky, wanda photo ne a cikin kowane harshe kundin sani, motsi daga m structuralism fara rubuta wani littafi game da fice a Rasha marubuci, kuma an aiwatar a cikin makala, novellistka.

littattafai

Marubuci Alexander Zholkovsky, wanda littattafai yau da barga da'irar Raya Makon, ya rubuta fiye da 30 kimiyya ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma memoirs, kazalika da kusan 400 articles. A mafi mashahuri a cikin jama'a samu aikinsa a cikin sabuwar dabara na Genre unfabled litattafan. Mafi fi sanin littattafai ne Zholkovsky "Stars da kuma kadan nervously," "Banza da sauran vignettes na kammala", "Pasternak Poetics", "Mikhail Zoshchenko. Poetics na mistrust. "