Akawu - shi ... Word-rikici

Wani lokacin idan karanta wannan ko wasu adabi game da tarihin zamanin da da kuma na sarki Rasha, mun sami kalmar "Irena," amma ba kowa da kowa ya san ainihin ma'anar, da kuma, ya cigaba da, an gauraye da irin wannan a cikin sauti da kuma haruffan da kalmar "Irena" ( daidai - Irena). Bari mu ga, abin da yake da ma'anar kalmar "Irena". The Bayani Dictionary Ozhegova da wadannan definition - "Irena - jami'in a cikin hukumomin gwamnati." Saboda haka, da magatakarda - wani farar hula, sau da yawa m, sunã shiryarwa da aiki na gida gwamnati. A wasu lokatai kalmar da aka nuna da kuma daraja, da kuma matsayin da lokaci guda. Wannan tsari shine na biyu da rabi daga cikin XVII karni, da kuma bayan ya maye gurbin Dyakov zo da wasu jami'an gwamnati.

Asalin kalmar "Irena"

Kamar yadda ya ce a gabãnin haka, masu karatu sau da yawa dame "magatakarda" da "Irena", wanda yake shi ne ba abin mamaki ba, tun biyu kalmomi zo daga wannan Greek - Ministan ( "diakonos", διακονος). Duk da haka, su ne daban-daban. Idan da magatakarda - wani mutum, kunsha a kan jama'a sabis, da Irena ne mai hidimar ikilisiya, located a kan ta farko, m, mataki firistoci. Yana taimaka firist a lokacin taron wajen bauta, kazalika da fitilu ƙona turare.

Ba abin mamaki ba cewa da yawa dame biyu kamar yadda irin wannan kalmomi. Ko da babban marubuci Nikolay Vasilevich litattafan Gogol a cikin labarin "Vij" Mixes wadannan Concepts - "Ina so in san abin da kake sanar a cikin seminary: to ko mafi cewa magatakarda karanta a wani coci, ko wani abu?"

labarin

Saboda haka, waɗanda suke clerks, da kuma abin da suka kasance sunã aikatãwa a cikin jama'a da sabis? Da farko, ya zama na waɗansu kawai ga rawar da refills, amma a tsakiyar XVI karni, a zamanin mulkin Basil III na, clerks ya hau kan duk paperwork Duma, godiya zuwa wani sabon jihar daraja - magatakarda na majalisa. A hankali suka fara kware a daya ko wani sarki al'amarinmu, kuma daga baya daina ayyukan amfani ne kawai ga al'amarin na Duma. Clerks farko kamar yadda sakatarorin, sa'an nan a matsayin manajoji fara bayyana a filayen. Tuni a cikin XV karni. magatakarda - shi ne ba kawai qananan hukuma, amma kuma sau da yawa tsagaita wuta, shan hannuwansu a kan hulda da wakilan kasashen waje iko. A kadan daga baya wadannan ma'aikata sun sanya la'anta na soja da kuma na sarrafawa da al'amura, da kuma a karshen cikin XV karni. su shiryar da connection sabis.

binciken

Saboda haka dangane da sama, daya zamu iya cewa da magatakarda - wani farar hula, da farko buga rawar da magatakarda ko magatakarda, da kuma daga baya ya dauka a kan mãsu yawa sauran ayyuka, ko na zama taimako a cikin yankunan da shugabanci, management na sadarwar sabis ko soja paperwork.