Confederation na Rhine 1806-1813 gg. labarin ci gaba

A lokacin Napoleonic Wars taswirar Jamus, kazalika da dukan Turai ya muhimmanci redrawn. Wannan kasa da aka ba sõyayya a karkashin gwamnati guda. Maimakon haka, Jamus ƙasashe da yawa mulkoki, duchies da mulkoki. Dukan su suna ƙa'ida kunshe a cikin Ruhu Mai Roman Empire, amma sarki, wanda yake a farko mulkin kasar Austria, sun yi kusa da wani dalĩli a membobinta. Napoleon, shan Jamus, ya canza gaba daya da balance mulki a da shi, kokarin haifar da akwai wani "manufa jihar" siffa ta Faransa.

Fage bayyanar

Austria domin Bonaparte kasance daya daga cikin mafi implacable adawar. A Habsburgs kasance dukkan kawance da juyin juya halin Musulunci Faransa, amma a kan kuma a sake su sojojin suka ci. Napoleon yi cikinsa da Confederation na Rhine matsayin madadin ga tsohon jihar tsarin a Jamus. Ya dauke da wanzuwar Mai Tsarki Roman Empire da rated Vienna gasar m throwback.

A karo na farko game da shirinsa Bonaparte ce bayan da Faransa nasara a kan Rasha-Austria sojojin a 1805. Sa'an nan kuma ya dauki makamai da Austria da mafi yawan sauran Jamus jihohi. Hukumomi na Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt, Württemberg da kuma Bavaria shiga Napoleon. Duk da yake sun zauna kuma sun unreliable masõya, wato Sarkin Faransa kariminci sãka musu. Masu za ~ e na Bavaria da Württemberg samu sarauta sunayen sarauta. Baden mulkin wannan girmamawa ƙi, farga cewa suna fadin dũkiyarku ba ja a kan "karuwa", kuma tare da Landgrave na Hesse-Darmstadt ya Grand Duke.

Jamus masõya daga Napoleon

Kafin an halitta masu biyayya ga Napoleon Confederation na Rhine, da kawayenta yanke daga Habsburgs wani mahimmin juzu'in ƙasarsu. Wurttemberg ciki tare da saye sassa na Swabia, Baden Breisgau samu kuma da dama wasu biranen. Mulkin Bavaria annexed da Augsburg da Tirol.

Kan aiwatar da redistribution na Jamus ya ƙare a 1806. A wannan lokaci, za mu aka hana su 'yancin kai daga' yan saura a na da free birane - Frankfurt, Augsburg da Nuremberg. A wannan abu ya faru ga addini umarni, jadawalai, barons da na sarki Knights. Da suka rasa hereditary Holdings wakilan daga cikin shahararrun Jamus aristocratic iyalansu, ba Turai shahara soja shugabannin da kuma yan siyasa. Samar da wani Confederation na Rhine, Napoleon samu kawar ba daga dukkan su. Wasu ma sun samu wani sabon abu bayan zuwa na Faransa. Sai sarki kansa tsiwirwirinsu magoya bayan, wanda jindadin yanzu dogara a kan makomar zama majiɓinci.

samar da kungiyar tarayyar

A watan Yuli na 1806 ya aka kafa Confederation na Rhine. Da farko, shi ya hada 16 jihohi a yankin kudu da yamma na Jamus, da kuma daga baya suka koma da wani 23 kananan mulkoki. A mafi muhimmanci mambobi sun sarakunan Württemberg da kuma Bavaria. Bisa ga ƙa'ida, da "madawwamin alkawari" sa a kan daidai hakkokin da dukkan al'ummai. A gaskiya ma, cikin sabon ilimi ya zama wani tauraron dan adam na Faransa. Bonaparte bai ba don kome ba. Ba da magoya bayansa sabon suna da 'yanci daga Habsburgs, ya sanya musu vassals.

A gaskiya ma, cikin jam'iyya da aka short-rayu soja inji ake bukata a Faransa, yayin da fadin Turai ci gaba da Napoleonic Wars. Bisa ga shatan, na farko Sarkin sarakuna na Paris bukatar ya yi maka 63 dubu sabo Jamus sojoji shirye su kare biyan bukatunsu.

counterweight Prussia

Bayan da shan kashi na Prussia a yakin Jena a watan Oktoba 1806, kuma cikar da zaman lafiya na Tilsit Alexander I a lokacin rani na 1807 da ƙungiyar shiga sabuwar jiha. A yankin ƙasarsu, Napoleon kafa wani sabon mulkin Westphalia tare da babban birnin kasar a Kassel. Sarauta akwai ɗan'uwansa, Zherom Bonapart. Har ila yau, na samu da lakabi na sarki Frederick Augustus I na Saxony. Bayan haka, jama'ar na Confederation na Rhine ya na da duka na 16 da miliyan mazaunan, kuma ta sojojin size jeri daga 120 dubu sojoji.

Idan Austria aka riga karya, sa'an nan Prussia aka har yanzu kokarin tsayayya rinjayar Bonaparte. Napoleonic Wars tsanani girgiza da matsayi na Frederick William III. Don tsayar da Sarkin Prussia Sarkin sarakuna halitta Grand Duchy na Berg, tare da babban birnin kasar a Frankfurt, inda kursiyin aka dasa dansa Joachim Murat.

Mulkin Westphalia

A watan Nuwamba na 1807 shi an halitta Mulkin Westphalia. Kamar Grand Duchy na Berg, shi an halitta a matsayin wani ciwon kai ga Prussia. Wannan gwaji Bonaparte shi ne ya fi m yanke shawara a Jamus. A cikin zuciya na Jamus jihohin da aka halitta jihar ƙarƙashin Faransa daular. Mulkin Westphalia ya bai tabbata biyu a yawan jama'a da kuma ƙasa. Yana hada ƙasar, warwatse a daban-daban larduna. Akwai da yawa enclaves da sosai mutane daban-daban.

Me ya sa Jamus yawan haka da sauƙi, jimre experimentation da improvisation Bafaranshe? Masana tarihi har yanzu gina wani iri-iri theories. Na ce da soja baiwa na Napoleon, ya ban mamaki fara'a. Cin nasarar yaki, ya gurgunta duk da yuwuwar husũma, wanda zai jagoranci zanga-zangar da sarki. Bugu da kari, da Jamus, har yanzu bai bayyana guda kasa sani. Mazauna daban-daban qananan mulkoki da yawa asusun da juna da kuma bai yi kuskure ya taka a kan juna fushi da hamayya da Napoleon.

Brainchild na Bonaparte

Halitta da Napoleon ta Confederation na Rhine a 1806 ya fi mayar da wucin gadi samuwar. Sarkin sarakuna so ya tsayar a cikin States tsarin mulki na abubuwan da yanci da kare hakkin dan adam a cikin misãlin Faransa dokokin. Amma don ƙirƙirar wani hadade tsarin ya yiwuwa ga dukan Union. Manyan jihohi kamar Bavaria ba ya so ya kira tare da karami makwabta.

A 1812, Napoleon ya tafi gabas zuwa Rasha. Tare da shi ya dauki mafi kyau Jamus sojojin - shi ne shugaban sojojin sosai promiscuous a cikin kabila. A Jamus, akwai kawai 'yan recruits, Tsohon soji da kuma mutane da nakasa. Jamusawa iya samun ainihin kifar Faransa mulki, amma bai yi shi. Confederation na Rhine (1806-1813) na iya alfahari da zaman lafiya da kuma biyayya, koda lokacin da sarki aka ci a Rasha.

Lalacewar

Kuma duk da haka makomar wannan tarayya da aka shãfe haske. Bayan Napoleon aka ci a cikin "Battle na Duniya", a cikin kusanci da Leipzig, da ƙungiyar fadi baya. Jamus da aka sake rarraba, kuma gẽfunanta aka ƙaddara da waje iko a cikin Congress of Vienna. Jamus zauna fragmented. A daidai wannan lokaci da Ruhu Mai Roman Empire da aka ba a mayar da

Amma ko da yake gwaji kasa, Confederation na Rhine, wanda kundin tsarin mulkin kasar da aka soma a misãlin Faransa, yana da wani muhimmanci kwarewa. Daga baya, a cikin Jamus akwai wasu ƙawance Jamus jihohi, kuma sun soma wasu siffofin na Napoleonic halittar.