A waje Politika Elizavety Petrovny (takaice)

All-Russian Empress Elizaveta Petrovna - 'yar Petra Velikogo da Empress Catherine I. Ya hau gadon sarautar, a 1741 da kuma yi mulki shekara ashirin. A cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje da manufofin na Elizabeth na bin ka'idodin sarautar ubansa.

A kasashen waje da manufofin da magabata na Elizabeth

Bayan mutuwar da Bitrus da Great , Rasha kasashen waje da manufofin da ya kasance mai ƙwauro da taron. Mukaddashin shugabanni talauci kiyaye hanya na siyasa da ayyukan. A zamanin mulkin Catherine I, matar Bitrus, sun sharply rincabewa dangantakar da ke tsakanin Rasha da Birtaniya da kuma Faransa saboda bambance-bambance a matsayi a kan Schleswig.

Har ila yau a wannan lokaci shi ya faru Lalacewar Turai kasashe cikin biyu sansani. A Rasha Empire wani ɓangare na Vienna Union, tare da Austria, Prussia da kuma Spain.

A zamanin mulkin Bitrus II ba musamman kula game da kasashen waje da manufofin da matasa sarki ya fi sha'awar farauta da kuma hutu.

Kasashen waje da manufofin a lokacin Anne Ioannovne ya zama mafi m. m yarjejeniyar da aka kammala tare da Farisa, don inganta dangantakar da Sweden. A 1735 Rasha tafi yaki tare da Turkey, da kuma lashe, ta hanyar cudanya to kanta Moldova da kuma bar baya da Azov.

A karkashin regency na Anna Leopoldovna kasashen waje da manufofin bã kõme ba ne ƙwarai ya faru. A 1741, bayan juyin mulkin ya fara ashirin-shekara sarautar Elizabeth.

'Yan siyasa a karkashin Elizabeth

A zamanin mulkin Empress Elizabeth (1741-1761), ya nada Chancellor (ministan harkokin wajen kasar) Count Bestuzhev-Rumin. Alexei Petrovich gudanar da wannan post shekara goma sha shida.

Amma Bestuzhev-Ryumin iya ciyar da wadannan shekaru a sosai yanayi daban-daban. Tun da ya kasance wani aboki na Biron, kuma, saboda haka, Anny Ioannovny, bayan da Accession zuwa kursiyin Elizabeth fadi cikin kunya da aka daure. Abin farin confidant na Empress ya abokinsa Iogann Lestok, wanda cẽto a kan rabo daga A. P. Bestuzheva.

Bisa ga memoirs na Sahaban, mataimakin Chancellor, ya kasance mai yawan jami'in diflomasiyyar kuma halarci dukkan harkokin waje na Rasha har 1757. A waje Politika Elizavety Petrovny lokacin Bestuzhev-Ryumin sãɓã wa jũna son zaman lafiya. A 1758, Alexei Petrovich An kwace dukan darajõji, kuma lakabi da aika a cikin hijira saboda hasashe da kuma jita-jita, yada na wani rashin lafiya na Empress.

Ya aka maye gurbinsu da Mikhail Vorontsov. Ya goyon bayan kasashen waje da manufofin shugabanci na Elizabeth, ko da yake ya duk rayuwarsa gudanar zanga-Faransa views. Daga cikin Turai iko da wani suna na zaman lafiya-lover, saboda ba ya so ya ja Rasha a cikin soja rikice-rikice.

A waje Politika Elizavety Petrovny taƙaice halin kamar yadda zapadnovektornaya, duk da haka, da kuma wajen gabas fadada ya faru cikin sauri.

Rasha-Swedish yaki

a zamanin Elizabeth ya kasance a lokacin gwagwarmaya da Faransa da kuma Austrians. Kowane gefe so ya jawo hankalin Empress a alliance. Amma tun Rasha da bin pro-Austria ra'ayoyi, kamar yadda gãdar wa Bitrus da farko, Faransa ta yanke shawarar karkatar da Rasha Empire da yaki a arewa, don haka da cewa shi ba ya hana ta da'awar da Austria jere.

Saboda haka, jam'iyya tsakanin Faransa da Sweden. Karshe na shirya dauki fansa ga shan kashi a Arewa War kuma mai da batattu yankuna.

Har ila yau a 1739, Sweden ya sanya hannu da wani alliance yarjejeniya tare da Turkey da Rasha. Kuma a kan Yuli 28, yaki da aka ayyana a 1741. Duk da wannan, kai tsaye fada ya barke ne kawai a karshen watan Agusta.

A watan Nuwamba, an yi wani juyin juya hali a Rasha, da kuma kasashen waje Politika Elizavety Petrovny ya fara da tsaida wutar yaƙi. Duk da haka, a watan Maris 1742 tashin koma. Swedes fili sags a cikin tsaro da kuma, a karshe, a watan Agusta, kuma aka kewaye da ƙasa da tẽku.

Agusta 24 da aka sa hannu cikin sallama, da kuma Swedes koma gida, da barin duk kayan a kan ƙasa. A zahiri, da yaki ya ci gaba har 1743, amma sojoji suka faru, a cikin tẽku, kuma kusan ba tare da yin amfani da makamai. kasashen biyu 'fleets kawai tsaron ƙasa.

Yarjejeniyar da Abo

Tattaunawar zaman lafiya tsakanin Rasha da kuma Sweden ya fara a Janairu 1743 da kuma dade kusan har tsakiyar lokacin rani. musamman harka, wanda ya ƙunshi babban wuraren da yarjejeniyar da aka kõma sama.

• Sweden ya Kanmu zabi a kan karaga Adolfa Fridriha, regent na Holstein.
• Rasha tafi zuwa ga sansanin soja Nyslott, Kyumenigordsky lilin, da kuma duk kogin bakinka Kiumeni.
• Maimakon Rasha ya koma zuwa Sweden duk kama ƙasa a 1741.
• Sweden sake tabbatar da mulki na Rasha Empire a cikin Baltic yankin, nasara a lokacin Great Arewa War.

Agusta 19 Empress Elizaveta Petrovna yarjejeniya da Abosky.

Shekaru bakwai, yaki

Shekaru bakwai 'War, ko kamar yadda shi ne ake kira, Mulkin mallaka, ya fara tare da adawa tsakanin biyu daga cikin yankunan Amirka - Faransa da kuma Turanci. Bayan wani al'ada rikici escalated a cikin m adawa, Birtaniya ayyana yaki kan Faransa ne riga a Turai ƙasa.

Zo zuwa kursiyin Prussia Frederick II yanke shawarar karfafa matsayinsu a Turai, da kuma ba tare da furta yaki farmaki Saxony. Ya kammala yarjejeniya da Ingila, ba musamman m ga shi, amma ya ba da bege da cewa zai ci gaba da Rasha daga cikin yaki. Frederick samu kansa short-gani, saboda wanda ya daga baya biya. Tsakanin Faransa, Austria da kuma Rasha sun kammala tsaron gida alliance da Prussia. Allied sojojin sau biyu girman da Prussian sojojin.

A waje Politika Elizavety Petrovny da Prussia aka nufin weakening kuma deterrence. A cikin watan Satumba 1756, Rasha ayyana yaki kan Prussia, amma soja mataki ya zo ne kawai a 1757.

Rasha sojojin umarta ta Field Marshal Apraksin, wanda aka zarar cire daga mukaminshi kuma kama domin karbo daga sojojinta daga Gabas Prussia.

Battle of Gross-Egersdorf

A farko da manyan yaƙi, a shekara bakwai 'War tare da Rasha ta sa hannu ya faru Agusta 19, 1757 kusa da kauyen na Gross-Egersdorf.

Fara Prussian harin da aka m, don haka da farko 'yan mintuna na yaki bar su. Rasha sojoji aka tilasta koma baya karkashin kariyar da bindigogi. Da tsare-tsaren na Prussia aka rushe a Rasha gefen ta tsakiyar tsaro, inda a karshen mafi m yaki ya faru.

Na fada haye kwarin a cikin gandun daji, inda ko da a kusa da yaki da za a iya kiyaye. A sakamakon yakin yanke shawarar da Manjo Janar Rumyantsev, wanda ya yi mamaki kai hari a kan hagu flank na Prussians. Abokan adawar juya a cikin wani stampede.

Rasha hasarori a cikin biyar-hour yaƙi amounted zuwa kusan 6000 mutane, ciki har da 1487 matattu. A Prussians rasa fiye da 4 dubu sojoji.

Abin baƙin ciki, da m nasarar Gross-Egersdorf ba Apraksin aka yi amfani ga kara hali na yaki. A mako bayan parking, ya kuma sojojinsa suka fara janye daga yankin Prussia zuwa Courland (masana tarihi ayan zaton cewa ritaya ne saboda ba a Apraksin haruffa daga Bestuzhev-Rumin, wanda aka ambata a kusa-mutuwa da Empress da sananne hawan Yesu zuwa sama zuwa kursiyin Peter Fedorovich, shirka Prussia).

ci gaba yaki

A 1758, sabon kwamandan sojojin Rasha Willem Fermor ya fara Maris zuwa Gabas Prussia da kuma shagaltar da babban birnin kasar tare da wahala - Konigsberg. A Rasha sojojin a kan ta hanyar Berlin. A kauyen Zorndorf shi hadu Frederick II. Kazamin yaƙi. Garesu sha wahala babbar asarar da, m, ya ciyar da dare dama a fagen yaƙi, da kuma da safe Friedrich ya dauki sojojinsa baya, tsoron for reinforcements daga Rumyantsev.

A May 1759 aka nada sabon shugaban sojojin - PS Saltykov. Ya lashe Battle of Kay, da kuma nasaba up tare da m Austria sojojin kan hanya zuwa Berlin.

12 ga watan Agusta, 1759 da aka gudanar a yakin kunersdorf a wanda Frederick aka karya, da kuma hanya zuwa babban birnin kasar na Prussia - bude. Duk da haka, da bambance-bambance a cikin Allied sansanin ya hana su kawo shi zuwa karshe nasara.

A watan Oktoba 1760, Berlin aka kama da majiɓinta. Friedrich da saurã daga sojojinsa suka gudu zuwa Saxony, inda ya yi fatan karfafa da kuma shiga cikin sahu na sojoji.

Gamawa na yaki domin Rasha

War for Rasha ƙare bisa ga abke, kuma ba, kamar yadda da yawa tunani. Friedrich sha kashi da aka riga bayyananne gaskiya, da kuma kasashen waje Politika Elizavety Petrovny da shi shi ne unequivocal. The yaki aka yi yaƙi da m karshen.

Amma a watan Disamba 1761, da Empress mutu. Don kursiyin daukan ta dan Bitrus, wanda ke sa mai wulãƙantarwa zaman lafiya tare da Frederick II, ya koma duk da nasara da ƙasa, da kuma fuskantar da shi don taimaka a yaki da Austria Division. Saboda haka 'yan adawar sun zama abõkan tãrayya, wanda ya ba Sarkin Prussia damar gama aiki.

A sakamakon kasashen waje da manufofin na Elizabeth

Domin da wuri daga cikin Empress kokawa da duk sauran dattaku, kuma kowannensu na da nasu na sirri manufa. A waje Politika Elizavety Petrovny taƙaice halin a matsayin m-ciki. Jihar ainihin hanya kamar yadda a karkashin Bitrus da Great a gaskiya ba a zaba. Duk da wannan, mafi yawan lokaci na Elizabeth ta sarautar, Rasha kasance a cikin wani na zaman lafiya. Hulda da kasashen yamma da kuma gabas sun samo asali haƙuri. Ka yi la'akari da sakamakon da Empress a cikin nau'i na alluna.

Yammacin waje Politika Elizavety Petrovny. Table №1

Gabas waje Politika Elizavety Petrovny. Table №2

Waɗannan su ne sakamakon ayyuka na Empress. Zai yiwu ta rayu dogon, siyasa taswirar Turai a wancan lokaci zai yi duba sosai daban-daban. Amma tarihin subjunctive dan hanya.