Babban yakin da Great Patriotic War a cikin tarihi domin: title, tebur

A gagarumin bangaren na yakin duniya na biyu, War The Great Patriotic War, ta taka muhimmiyar kuma muhimmiyar rawa a cikin koli na daya daga cikin mafi muni kasa da kasa rikici na XX karni.

BOB periodization

A shekaru biyar abun cece kuce, cewa ya faru a kan ƙasa da tsohon jamhuriyoyin tarayyar Soviet, masana tarihi ya kasu kashi uku lokaci.

1. Period I (22.06.1941-18.11.1942) ya hada da mika mulki na Tarayyar Soviet a kan wani yaki gabãtarwar, "walƙiya yaki" gazawar da asali shirin Hitler, kazalika don ƙirƙirar yanayi na keta hanya na soja ayyuka a cikin ni'imar da hadin gwiwa ƙasashe.
2. Period II (19.11.1942 - karshen 1943) da ake dangantawa da wani m canji a cikin soja rikici.
3. Period III (Janairu 1944 - May 9, 1945) - kaye na Nazi sojoji da kuma kore su daga cikin Soviet yankuna, a saki daga cikin kasashen na Kudu maso gabas da kuma Gabashin Turai da Red Army.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara

Major fadace-fadace da yaƙin duniya II, kuma a takaice bayanawa fiye da sau daya. A su za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

A kwatsam kuma m Jamus hari a kan Poland, sa'an nan a cikin wasu kasashen Turai ya kai ga cewa ta hanyar 1941 da Nazis da kawayensu kãma babbar yankuna. Poland aka ci, yayin da Norway, Denmark, da Netherlands, Luxembourg da kuma Belgium - suna shagaltar. Faransa ya iya yin tsayayya da kawai kwanaki 40, bayan da kyau da aka kama. Nazis sãmar da wata babbar shan kashi da kuma isar da Birtaniya Army, sa'an nan suka shiga yankin Balkans. Babban cikas a cikin hanyar Jamus zama Red Army, da kuma most yaƙi na Great Patriotic War tabbatar da cewa ikon da tsinke ruhu na Soviet mutane, kare 'yancin su mahaifarsa - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin hukunci dalilai a cikin nasara yaki da abokan gaba.

"Shirin Barbarossa"

Da tsare-tsaren na Jamus umurnin da Tarayyar Soviet ne kawai wani pawn, wanda za a iya sauƙi, kuma da sauri shafe ta daga hanya, ta hanyar da ake kira blitzkrieg, da akida, da yadda ya tashi a cikin "Shirin Barbarossa".

Its ci gaban da aka jagorancin Janar Fridriha Paulyusa. A karkashin wannan shirin, da Soviet sojojin da za a halakar a cikin wani gajeren lokaci na Jamus da kawayenta, da kuma Turai na Tarayyar Soviet - An kama. An kara zaci cikakken sha kashi da kuma lalata da Tarayyar Soviet.

Babban yakin da Great Patriotic War, a tarihi domin gabatar, ya nuna a fili a kan wanda gefe yana da amfani a farkon na adawa, da kuma yadda a karshen shi ya ƙare.

The m shirin na Jamusawa zaci cewa a lokacin watanni biyar za su iya don kama da key birane na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma samun zuwa layi na Arkhangelsk-Volga zuwa Astrakhan. The yaki da Tarayyar Soviet ya za a kammala ta kaka 1941. Na count a shi, Adolf Hitler. A nasa umarni, gabashin shugabanci mayar da hankali tsawwala sojojin na Jamus da kuma m kasashen. Mene ne manyan yakin yakin duniya na II su ya jimre domin a shawo na rashin yiwuwar kafa duniya mamayar na Jamus?

Yana da aka zaci cewa, tasirin za a iya amfani da hanyoyi uku zuwa da sauri kayar da abokin gaba yana tsaye a hanya da duniya mamayar:

• Jamhuriyar (Minsk-Moscow line).
• Kudancin (Ukraine da kuma Black Sea).
• Northwest (Leningrad, ya kuma Baltic kasashen).

Babban yakin da Great Patriotic War: fada domin babban birnin kasar

The aiki kama Moscow, codenamed "Typhoon". Yana da ta farko, a kan Satumba 1941.

Aiwatar da shirin kama da babban birnin kasar na Tarayyar Soviet da aka neme su da wani rukuni na sojojin "Center", shi ya jagoranci da Field Marshal Fedor von Bock. Hall, m Red Army ba kawai da yawan sojoji (1.2 sau), amma kuma ga armaments (fiye da 2-Musulunci). Amma duk da haka manyan yakin yakin duniya na II zarar ya tabbatar da cewa mafi ne ba karfi.

Yaki da Jamusawa a cikin wannan shugabanci ne sojojin na kudu maso yammacin, Arewa maso yamma da yammaci da kuma Reserve fronts. Bugu da kari, wani aiki bangare a cikin tashin dauki guerrillas da mayakan sa kai.

A farkon adawa

A watan Oktoba, tsakiyar shugabanci da aka karya babban layi na Soviet tsaro: Nazis kãma Vyazma da Bryansk. Na biyu line, wadda aka gudanar a kusa Mozhaisk, gudanar ya jinkirta da farko na tsawon lokaci. A watan Oktoba 1941, shugaban na Yammacin Front zama Georgy Zhukov, wanda ayyana dokar ta kewaye a Moscow.

By marigayi Oktoba, fadan ya faru kawai 100 kilomita daga babban birnin kasar.

Duk da haka, da yawa ayyukan soji da kuma manyan-sikelin yaƙi yakin duniya na II, da za'ayi a cikin shakka daga cikin birni ta kare, bai bari da Jamus su kama Moscow.

A sauyi a yaƙi

Tuni a cikin Nuwamba 1941, aka hana da yunkurin Nazis cinye Moscow. Amfani da yake cikin Soviet Army, samar da shi game da shi, da barin wani counteroffensive.

A Jamus umurnin Sanadin kasawa zargi a kan wani kaka mummunan yanayi da kuma mummunan hanyoyi. Babban yakin da Great Patriotic War sun girgiza da amincewa da Jamusawa a nasu invincibility. Tsananin sauti gazawar Führer yi umurni da kama da babban birnin kasar zuwa hunturu da sanyi, da kuma Nuwamba 15, da fascists kokarin sake je a kan m. Duk da babbar asarar da, da Jamus sojojin gudanar ya karya, ta hanyar zuwa birnin.

Duk da haka, su kara ci gaba da aka hana ta Nazis, kuma na karshe ƙoƙari karya, ta hanyar zuwa Moscow ya ci tura.

A karshen 1941 aka alama ta gaba na Red Army a ranar da sojojin abokan gaba. A farkon Janairu 1942, shi rufe dukan gaban line. The sojojin na invaders aka kore baya ga 200-250 kilomita. A sakamakon nasara aiki, Soviet sojojin yanta Ryazan, Tula, da Moscow yankin, kazalika da wasu gundumomi na Orel, Smolensk, Kalinin yankuna. A lokacin da adawa, Jamus rasa wani babban adadin kayan aiki, ciki har da game da 2,500 bindigogi da kuma 1,300 tankuna.

Babban yakin da Great Patriotic War, musamman, da yaƙi don Moscow, ya tabbatar da cewa nasara ne zai yiwu, duk da soja da kuma fasaha magabaci.

Ban sha'awa abubuwa game da yakin Moscow

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci fadace-fadace na yaƙi da Soviets kasashe na Triple Alliance - yaƙin ga Moscow, ya misalta wani m shirin karya da blitzkrieg. kuma makoma Soviet sojojin Wanne ne kawai hanyar da za a hana kama da makiya babban birnin kasar.

Saboda haka, a lokacin da adawa da Red Army sojoji gudu a cikin sama babbar, 35-mita, balloons. Dalilin wadannan ayyuka ne domin a rage yin saiti sahihancin Jamus kai harin. Wadannan colossus tashi zuwa tsawo na 3-4 kilomita kuma, yayin da a can, ƙwarai dagula aikin da makiya jirgin sama.

A wani yakin fiye da miliyan bakwai mutanen da suka sashi ga babban birnin kasar. Saboda haka, an dauki daya daga cikin mafi girma.

Shahararren rawa a yakin Moscow taka leda Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky, wanda ya jagoranci 16-th sojojin. A cikin fall na 1941 da sojojin katange da Volokolamsk da Leningrad hanya, ba kyale makiya karya ta zuwa birnin. The tsaro dade makonni biyu a wannan shafin: floodgates aka ƙaho Istra tafki, kuma mined yanki zuwa babban birnin kasar.

Wani mai ban sha'awa Gaskiyar a cikin tarihin na almara yaƙi: a tsakiyar Oktoba 1941 aka rufe da Moscow Metro. Da shi shi ne kawai rana a cikin tarihin na Moscow Metro, a lõkacin da ta bai yi aiki ba. The tsoro lalacewa ta hanyar wannan taron ya haifar da abin da ake kira Fitowa - birnin da aka yashe, ya fara wield looters. A halin da ake ciki da aka ajiye cikin tsari dauki m mataki a kan yan gudun hijira da kuma marauders, bisa ga abin da ko da shigar da harbi ƙetare iyãka. Wannan al'amari ya tsaya wani Fitowa mutane daga Moscow da kuma dakatar da tsoro.

Battle of Stalingrad

The most yaƙi yakin duniya na II ya faru a kan karkata daga cikin key birane na kasar. Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci adawa ya yakin Stalingrad, wanda ya kama wani sashi daga Yuli 17, 1942 zuwa Fabrairu 2, 1943.

Manufar na Jamus a wannan yanki ne mai nasara zuwa kudu da Tarayyar Soviet, inda akwai da yawa kamfanonin na metallurgical da tsaro masana'antu, kazalika da asali abinci reserves.

Ilimi Stalingrad Front

A lokacin m Nazis da kawayensu, da Soviet sojojin samu wani gagarumin asara a yakin for Kharkov. Ina aka niƙa kudu maso yammacin gaban. rarrabu, kuma regiments na Red Army da aka watsar da su, da rashin garu matsayi da bude steppe ya ba da Jamusawa wata damar tafi kusan zũciyõyinsu a cikin Caucasus.

Irin wannan alama m halin da ake ciki na da Tarayyar Soviet ta ba Hitler ta amincewa a nan gaba da samun nasara. A nasa umarni, da Army "ta Kudu" ya kasu kashi 2 sassa - manufar da "A" da aka kama na Arewa Caucasus, kamar yadda wani ɓangare na "B" - Stalingrad, inda ta gudana Volga - babban ruwa jijiya na kasar.

A cikin wani gajeren lokaci da aka dauka Rostov-on-Don, da kuma Jamus sun ci gaba a kan Stalingrad. Saboda gaskiya cewa a cikin wannan yanki sun zarar 2 Army, kafa wata babbar zirga-zirga jam. A sakamakon haka, daya daga cikin sojojin ya ba da umurni ga komawa zuwa Caucasus. Wannan jinkirta jinkiri da m ga dukan mako.

A watan Yuli 1942, an kafa ta a guda Stalingrad Front, manufar wanda ya kare gari daga abokan gaba da kuma tsaro kungiyoyi. Duk da wuya daga cikin matsalar da aka cewa sabuwar kafa wani ɓangare ya ba da gwaninta na hadin gwiwa, babu harsasai, da kuma akwai wani defenses.

Soviet sojojin sun outnumbered da yawan Jamus mutane, amma mafi ƙaranci daga gare su da kusan rabin a kayan aiki da makamai wadda rasa.

A matsananciyar gwagwarmaya na Red Army sa saukar da makiya ƙofar Stalingrad, amma a watan Satumba, fadan koma daga outlying a cikin yankunan birnin. A watan Agusta, da Jamus an hõre halakar Stalingrad, da farko gudãnar da bom, sa'an nan amai da shi high-m da incendiary bama-bamai.

Operation "Zobe"

Mazauna ya yi yaƙi domin kowane mita na ƙasar. A sakamakon yawa watanni na adawa ya zama wani sauyi a cikin yaƙin, a Janairu 1943 kaddamar da aiki "Zobe", wanda dade 23 days.

Its sakamakon da aka da shan kashi na abokan gaba, kuma ya halaka sojojinsa kuma sallama a kan Fabrairu 2 tsira sojojin. Wannan nasara da aka mai nasara a cikin shakka daga ayyukan soji, Ya girgiza da matsayi na Jamus da kuma tambayar da tasiri a kan sauran jihohi. Ya ba da Soviet mutane fatan for nan gaba nasara.

A yakin Kursk

Kayar da rundunar Jamus da kawayenta a Stalingrad zama impetus ga cewa Hitler, domin kauce wa centrifugal nufi a cikin Union na Tripartite yarjejeniya, ya yanke shawarar gudanar da wani gagarumin farmaki a kan m da Red Army, wanda ya karbi lambar sunan "kagara". The kama yaƙi a kan Yuli 5 na wannan shekara. Jamus sun kaddamar da wani sabon tankuna wanda bai tsoratar da Soviet sojojin, don samar da su da tasiri juriya. By 7 Yuli haɗuwar jama'a biyu sun rasa wata babbar adadin mutane da kuma kayan aiki, da kuma tank yaƙi a karkashin Ponyri kai ga asarar babban adadin Jamus motoci da mutane. Wannan ya tabbatar da wani gagarumin factor zuwa attenuate Nazis Kursky protrusion a arewacin kashi.

Record tank yaƙi

Yuli 8 a Prokhorovka aka lazimta babbar tanki yaƙi yakin duniya na II. Hannu a cikin taro ya samu halartar game da 1,200 fama motocin. A abun cece kuce tsawon kwanaki da dama. A koli zo a kan 12 Yuli lokacin da Prokhorovka ya faru a lokaci guda biyu tank yaƙi ya ƙare a cikin wani Draw. Duk da cewa babu wani daga cikin jam'iyyun ta kama wani hukunci himma, da Jamusanci m aka tsaya, da kuma mayar da su cikin m ɓangare na Yuli 17 tsaron gida lokaci na yaƙi. Its sakamakon haka ne cewa da Jamus da aka tura mayar da kudu na Kursk salient, zuwa ga asali matsayi. A watan Agusta, Belgorod kuma Orel aka saki.

Abin da wani babban yaƙi kan Great Patriotic War? Wannan yaƙin ya 'yan adawa a kan Kursk, wani hukunci tsirkiya wanda - kwata' yanci na Kharkiv 23.08.1944 shekara. Wannan taron ya kammala jerin manyan fadace-fadace a cikin Tarayyar Soviet alama farkon kwata 'yanci na Turai ta Soviet sojojin.

Major yaƙi yakin duniya na II: tebur

Domin mafi fahimtar da yaki, musamman a game da mafi muhimmanci na fadace-fadace, akwai wani tebur nuna ambata taron.

Major yaƙi yakin duniya na II, wanda sunayen da aka sani a yau, mutanen da dukan zamanai, ya zama wani indisputable shaida ga ikon ruhu da kuma na nufin Soviet mutane, ba zai ba da damar kafa mulkin fascists, ba kawai a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, amma kuma duk duniya.