Baltasar Gracian: Jagora, kuma biography

Baltasar Gracian - wani shahararren marubuci Spanish na 17th karni. Ya samu nasarar hada ruhaniya da kuma wadanda mutane ayyuka - wani Jesuit firist, da Falsafa a lokaci guda. The Legacy ya bar wani m littafin, wanda amounted zuwa wani anthology na Spanish adabi da kuma har yanzu suna da classic ayyukan Baroque lokaci.

biography

Bisa ga hanzari bayanai, Baltasar Gracian aka haife shi a 1601 a Belmonte, Spain. Shi ɗan wata matalauta kasa likita, da kuma daga farkon shekarun da ya ãƙibar a kantin sayar da ga firist. An sani cewa a 1619, kawunsa ya taimaka masa shiga da a cikin makaranta na Jesuits na Huesca da Calatayud. Bayan makarantar sakandare, Grasian Baltasar da kansa karatu nahawu da falsafa a garuruwan Girona da Kallatayuda, a 1623 ya yi sa'a ya zama wani dalibi a Jami'ar Zaragoza, inda ya sadaukar da kansa ga nazarin tauhidin.

Bayan kammala karatu daga jami'a, nan gaba marubuci ya zama wani malamin rhetoric da nahawu a kwalejin Kalalyutuda. A 1631 da ya shige ƙarin horo a makaranta na Jesuits, inda shirya wa'azi da kuma confessors.

wallafe-wallafen yanayi

A 1636, Baltasar Gracian fara wani sabon lokaci na rayuwarsa. Ya aka alakanta da komawa birnin Huesca, wanda a kwanakin nan ya na da muhimmanci cibiyar al'adu na lardin Aragon. The tafi da aka hade da sabon alƙawari - a wani gida haikali Grasianu ya zama mai wa'azi. A nan ne aka haife sabon sunayen a fagen al'adu, adabi da wasannin fasaha, kuma shi yana iya zama cewa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wani yanayi Baltasar Gracian yanke shawarar rubuta ta farko da wallafe-wallafen aiki.

Rubutun "Hero"

Da farko rubutun Gracian kira "Hero". Wannan wallafe-wallafen aikin da aka rubuta sosai da sauri, a kawai wani shekara bayan motsi zuwa Huesca. Invaluable taimako a cikin rubutu a rubutun nan gaba marubuci yana da arziki, kuma m aboki, wanda ya tarar library. "Hero" - misali mai kyau na na da didactic litattafan, a cikin abin da, kamar yadda a madubi, nuna da mutunci da kuma halin kirki halaye da ya kamata wadanda suke neman samun amincewa daga su cikin zullumi. Tare da wannan aikin Gracian suka fara samar da jigo na halin kirki falsafa. A rubutun da aka buga a karkashin sunan Lorenzo Gracian, wanda yake dan uwan Balthazar, domin, a cewar da dokoki na Order, da Jesuits da bãbu wani hakki a buga musu ayyukansu, wanda ba su kasance kai-katsalandan.

"Aljihu can ciki"

A mafi bafalsafe kawo nasa tarin ayoyi da Jagora, da aka sani da "Aljihu can ciki." Yana bayar da Jagora Baltasar Gracian da Morales, wanda bayar da nasu nau'i na witty karatu ya zama tsantseni da haƙuri. Ga misali, da aka sani maxims Gracian kamar:

• "Ko da wani matattu zaki hares harbi".
• "A m lokaci kai lokacin da dama daga cikin hanya".
• "Cika zarar - zarar halaka".
• "Ya kamata a kullum Island: madawwami fun - to hanyar kutse".
• "Bamu jimre da matsalolin da harka - kasa da matsala fiye da ba lokacin da na fara a duk yanayin, saboda ganimar tsaye ruwa da kuma ba gudu".

Irin wannan short moralizing lãbãri a cikin littafin sallama mai yawa. Baltasar Gracian, wanda faxin kasance haka m, kuma witty, ya sauri zama a san da kuma rare. Kan bango na maras ban sha'awa tauhidin adabi na jawabansa sun haka wata iska daga ruwan rai, wanda rasa wani Spanish ilimi. Aljihu can ciki ya Popular a Spain da kuma kasashen waje - a lokacin da rayuwar Baltasar Gracian kananan wallafe-wallafen aikin da aka fassara a cikin da yawa harsuna Turai.

A saman iyawa

Kuma ya Grasian Baltasar, da masu sukar gaskiya dauke da babban aikin wannan marubuci ta labari "Carper". Yana nuna Gracian nasu wahayin abin da dole ne duniya kewaye da mu. Wallafe-wallafe da reshe ya kasance sosai na kowa a cikin marigayi tsufa, da kuma nan, a cikin shekara dubu, Baltasar yanke shawarar komawa zuwa wannan nau'i na bayar da labaru. Babban haruffa wakilta yanayi da kuma al'adun matsayin alamu na m tunani da kuma maras wata-wata turu. A ƙarshen labari ƙarasa da cewa, hali ne ajizai ne, da kuma kyakkyawan al'adun ceton duniya da take kaiwa zuwa dauwama. Kamar yadda tare da sauran ayyuka, wannan labari za a sa hannu a cikin sunan wani mutum.

Baltasar al'adunmu

A karshe shekaru goma na rayuwarsa kishin rubutu Gracian "Kritikona" ne girma daga aiki, magana game da mutum wurin da zamani a rayuwar. Wadanda mutane aikin da ya kawo marubucin mai daraja da girma, amma kuma firgita ƙwarai da Jesuit Order, wanda management ya m tare da wallafe-wallafen ayyukan firist.

A karshen rayuwarsa firist zai rubuta daya abu guda, da sa hannu da sunan kansa - Baltasar Gracian. Books buga kafin, riga ana tafiya a cikin ƙasa ba, amma su m wasu ne marubuta. A cikin rubutun "Zamantakewa game da sacrament," marubucin a kan bango na zalla addini da tunani yayi watsi da nasa wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu. Ya kamata an yi, tun da Order na haƙuri shiriya na Jesuits zo ga ƙarshe. Duk da haka, nan da nan ya zo karshe na "Kritikona" Lalle, haƙiƙa ya kasance daga alkalami na Balthazar, kuma marubucin ya kawo fitina. Ya aka hana musu hakkin yin wa'azi da kuma sochinitelstvovat, aika zuwa lardin gari inda ya na zaune a karkashin m dubawa na Jesuit 'yan'uwa. Gracian irin wannan rayuwa ba zai iya tsira - ya mutu Disamba 6, 1658, bayan rayuwa kasa da shekara guda bayan da Jesuit kotu.