Sarkin sarakuna Bitrus II: biography, musamman na gwamnatin, tarihi da kuma sake fasalin harkokin

Catherine na da Bitrus II mulki a total na kawai 5 years. Duk da haka, a lokacin da lokacin da suke iya hallaka mutane da yawa daga cikin cibiyoyin da cewa tare da tsananin wahalar sanya su girma gada. Ba abin mamaki Bitrus I kafin mutuwarsa kuma ya ba su iya zabi wani cancanci gaje, wanda zai iya zama tare da tsarkakakkiyar zuciya aika kursiyin.

Musamman m sarautar jikan farko Rasha sarki.

iyaye

A nan gaba sarki Bitrus II - wannan shi ne na karshe wakilin Romanov daular a kai tsaye namiji line. Uwãyensa sun kasance Tsarevich Aleksey Petrovich da Jamusanci Princess Charlotte na Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel. Mahaifinsa wani rashin kauna yaro wanda kullum slighted grand uba. Aure Alexei ya dynastic kuma ya yi aure a kan umarni na Bitrus I. Princess Charlotte ma aka bai ji dadin da hange don zuwa "Muscovy" kamar yadda matar wani bakon ungainly saurayi, ba a kula da ita.

Duk abin da ya, da bikin aure ya faru a 1711. The aure dade kawai shekaru hudu, kawo karshen bayan mutuwar mijinta da ranar haihuwa yaro, suna a cikin girmamawa kakansa Bitrus.

Biography: Yara

A lokacin haihuwa (12 Oktoba 1715), nan gaba sarki Bitrus II na uku contender ga kursiyin. Duk da haka, wannan halin da ake ciki dade wani dan kankanin lokacin. Gaskiyar cewa kawunsa aka haife 'yan kwanaki baya. The jariri da aka ma aka kira Bitrus, da saba wa duk al'ada, da kuma a Fabrairu 1718 ya aka ayyana magajin ka kewaye wa - Alexei. Saboda haka, sarki jikan yara da armashi da kuma marãya, to, kamar yadda ya ba da uwa da uba da farko bai nuna don yawa sha'awa cikin da shi, ya aka kashe. Ko bayan mutuwar Bitrus Petrovich ya ba kusa da kotu, kamar yadda kakansa, wanda ya yanke shawarar proekzamenovat prince gano ya gama da ilmi ba.

Tambayar da mayẽwa

Domin duk dynastic dokokin bayan mutuwar Bitrus I dauki kursiyin ne ya tafin kafa magaji a namiji line. Duk da haka, da yawa daga cikin manyan boyars, sa hannu da mutuwa sammacin to Prince Alexei kuma yana da hali to shi, da gaskiya da tsoron rayukansu a taron na Accession zuwa kursiyin ɗansa.

Saboda haka da kotun kafa jam'iyyun biyu: goyon jariri Bitrus, kunsha na abokan adawarsa. A karshen samu karfi da goyon baya na sarki, wanda ya sanya hannu a umurnin a kan yarjejeniyoyin da haihuwa dokar, wanda a yarda domin nada wani magaji wanda monarch deems isa ka dauki kursiyin. Tun Bitrus bai da lokacin yin shi a lokacin da yake rayuwa, ya muƙarrabai - Menshikov - ya gudanar ya sa a kan kursiyin Empress Catherine. Duk da haka, da duk-m yarima san za ta yi sarauta na tsawon, kuma ya yi da ra'ayin aure kadai Romanov namiji ga 'yarsa Maryamu. Saboda haka, a kan lokaci, shi zai iya zama kakan magaji a kan karaga, kuma mallaki ƙasar a cikin tafin kafa hankali.

Don yin wannan, ya ko da kau da alkawari Mary Menshikova kuma ya sami fitarwa predoplagaemogo dan-magaji.

Accession a kan karaga

Catherine na mutu May 6, 1727. Lokacin da ya karanta, an gano cewa, ba kawai ba shi sanya jikan magaji na mijinta, amma kuma umarci dukan sauƙaƙe cikar aure tsakanin shi da 'yar Alexander Menshikov. Last Will na Empress da aka yi, amma tun da Bitrus II ba kai aure, iyaka zuwa cikin sanarwar da alkawari. A daidai wannan lokaci da kasar ta zama mai mulkin Majalisar Koli, wanda nemi yin amfani da sarkin ya yi game da zama ƙarshe da sarki gwajin.

Bitrus II: hukumar

Sarkin sarakuna saurayi saboda su shekaru da kuma damar iya yin komai sun ba su iya su yi sarauta kadai. A sakamakon haka, iko ne na farko kusan gaba ɗaya a cikin hannun ta nufi gwajin. Kamar yadda da Catherine I, kasar da aka mulki ta hanyar inertia. Duk da yake mutane da yawa majalisarsa kokarin bi umarninsu na Bitrus I, amma ya halicci wani tsarin siyasa ba tare da gabansa ba zai iya aiki yadda ya kamata.

Duk da haka, Menshikov kokarin a kowace hanya don ƙara da shahararsa a cikin mutãnen matasa sarki. Don wannan karshen, ya sanya a madadin na biyu na manifesto. A farko daga gare su gudun hijira zuwa kurkuku domin kin biyan haraji da aka yafe, kuma soke tsohon serf bashin cikin taskar. Bugu da kari, muhimmanci tausasa azãba. Alal misali, shi da aka haramta a fili nuna jikin hukuncin kisa.

A filin na waje cinikayya ne ma dogon m bukatar muhimman hakkokin garambawul. Bitrus II na, daidai da dama ga shi, Alexander Menshikov, rage haraji a kan hemp yarn da kuma wanda aka saki a kasashen waje, don haka kamar yadda ya kara samun kudin shiga na cikin taskar, da kuma Siberian Jawo gwanjo da aka kullum kebe daga jihar samun kudin shiga daga sha'awa.

Wani kamfani ya rigakafin Menshikov fada mãkirci kifar da gwamnatin. Don yin wannan, yana da ikon ya yi ƙoƙarin ya zama irin su tsohon gwarazansa. A musamman, shi ne sunan da sarki ni'imtar da daraja na Field Marshal Prince Dolgorukov da Troubetzkoy, kuma Burchard Minikh. Sirri kamar yadda Menshikov bã da lakabi na kwamandan a babban shugaban generalissimo na Rasha sojojin.

The canji na ikon

Tare da shekaru, matasa sarki ya fara girma sanyi ga Menshikov. A wannan batun, wani muhimmin rawa da Osterman, wanda ya zama malami, da kuma kokarin a kowace hanya don karbe ya almajiri daga clutches Mai serene Prince. Ya aka taimaka by Ivan Dolgoruky, wanda ya so ya aure Bitrus II, 'yar'uwarsa Princess Catherine.

Lokacin da a lokacin rani na 1727 Menshikov fadi da rashin lafiya, abokan adawarsa sun nuna matasa sarki bincike kayan a kan hali na Tsarevich Alexei. Daga cikin wadannan, ya koya game da rawar da uba na da amarya a su hukunci da azãba dan Peter I.

Lokacin da Menshikov suka koma aiki, shi ya juya fitar da cewa nan gaba dan bar fādar sarki, da kuma yanzu duk tambayoyin da aka tattauna kawai tare da Ostermann da Dolgoruky.

Ba da da ewa serene Prince aka zargi da almubazzaranci da kuma cin amanar kasa da kõre da iyalinsa zuwa Tobolsk baki.

Bitrus II Sam ya koma Moscow da kuma sanar da alkawari ga Ekaterinoy Dolgorukoy. Yanzu ya tsunduma cikin nisha, amma a matsayin jiha mulki ta hanyar zumunta na amarya.

mutuwa

Janairu 6, 1730 bayan vodoosvescheniya a Moscow River Bitrus II dauki soja farati da kuma mai sauqi. Bayan isa gida, ya juya daga abin da yake da smallpox. A cewar shaidu, a cikin delirium, ya kasance marmarin tafi wa 'yar'uwarsa Natalia, wanda ya mutu a' yan shekarun baya. The sarki ya mutu 12 days daga baya kuma ya zama na karshe Rasha gwamnan, wanda aka binne shi a Kremlin ta Mala'iku Cathedral.

Bitrus II Hali

Bisa ga memoirs na Sahaban, da sarki saurayi ya ba da hankali, kuma bã da aikin da'a. Bugu da kari, ya kasance m, wanda shi ne ba abin mamaki ba idan ka yi la'akari da cewa domin shi ya ba ta kasance a dace adult dubawa. Ya moods da kuma mummunan hali sau da yawa ya sa rikice tsakanin jakadun da kuma 'yan kasashen waje zuwa ga Rasha da kuma gabatar da su ga kotu. Ko ya ya iya tsira ga ƙarfinsa, abu ne mai wuya da gwamnatin zai zama mai kyau ga kasar.