A Amurka yaki da Japan: shekaru, da Sanadin asara

A watan Agusta na shekarar 1945 hare-hare biyu atomic bama-bamai a kan garuruwan Hiroshima da kuma Nagasaki ƙare yaki dade 4 shekaru a cikin Pacific, babban abokan adawar da suke da Amurka da kuma Japan. The adawa na wadannan biyu iko ya zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na yakin duniya na biyu da kuma yana da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan ta sakamako. A lokaci guda, da kuma a yau da balance mulki a cikin kasa da kasa fagen fama ne sun fi mayar da wani sakamako daga waɗanda tsoho events.

Abin da ya sa da wuta a cikin Pacific

Dalilin da Amurka da Japan da yaki da yake a cikin rikici tsakanin wadannan kasashen, m to 1941, da kuma Tokyo a cikin wani ƙoƙari su warware shi ta hanyar soja wajen. A mafi girma rikitarwa a tsakanin iko manyan kasashen duniya sun taso a kan al'amurran da suka shafi kasar Sin da yankin Faransa Indochina - tsohon Faransa mallaka.

Ƙaryata wani tsari da gwamnatin {asar Amirka rukunan "bude kofofin", Japan ya nemi ya ta da cikakken iko a kan wadannan kasashe, kazalika a kan ta a baya kãma Manchuria ƙasa. Saboda da dagewa da Tokyo a cikin wadannan batutuwa gudanar a Washington tattaunawa tsakanin kasashen biyu ba bada wani sakamakon.

Amma wadannan da'awar ba iyakance ga Japan. Tokyo, idan akai la'akari da United States, Birtaniya da kuma sauran mulkin mallaka iko kamar yadda su hammayarsu, dukan sojojin kokarin hambarar da su daga Kudu Tekuna da kudancin Asiya, Grips, don haka da kafofin abinci da kuma albarkatun kasa, a yankin ƙasarsu. A game da 78% na duniya roba samarwa da aka sanya a cikin wadannan yankunan, 90% tin, kuma da yawa wasu taskõkin.

A farkon da rikici

By farkon Yuli 1941 da Japan sojojin, duk da zanga-zangar emanating daga gwamnatocin Amurka da Birtaniya, shi ya za'ayi kãmun kudancin Indochina, da kuma bayan wani gajeren lokaci, zuwa dama up kusa da Philippines, Singapore, da Dutch Gabas Indies da Malaya. A mayar da martani ga wannan America bai sanya wata ban a kan shigo cikin Japan dukkan dabarun kayan da a lokaci guda zama a daskararren bankuna na Japan dukiya. Saboda haka, nan da nan ta barke ne a yaki tsakanin Japan da Amurka ne sakamakon siyasa rikici da cewa Amurka ake kokarin warware takunkumin tattalin arziki.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa soja burinsu na Tokyo mika har a yanke shawara a kan kãmun da ƙasa na Tarayyar Soviet. Wannan ya in Yuli 1941 a fadar taro, ya ce ministan War, Japan Tojo. A cewar shi, kamata ya je yaki don halakar da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma gyatta ta arziki albarkatun. Duk da haka, a lokacin da wadannan tsare-tsaren sun fili ba m saboda rashin ƙarfi, da girma daga wanda aka aiko zuwa yãƙi a kasar Sin.

Da bala'i na Pearl Harbor

Amurka da Japan fara yaki tare da wani iko da hari a kan Amirka, tushe na sojan ruwa a Pearl Harbor sa zuwa jirgin sama tare da hadin gwiwa da jiragen ruwa na Japan rundunar motoci, umarta ta Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. Haka ya faru a kan Disamba 7, 1941.

A American tushe da aka za'ayi biyu harin jirgin sama, ya halarci ta 353 da jirgin sama, ya kashe daga cikin jirgin sama m 6. A sakamakon wannan hari, nasarar da aka fi mayar da wani foregone ƙarshe ta mamaki, ya haka wa Huɗama cewa buga fita da wani gagarumin ɓangare na Amurka Navy da ya gaske a kasa bala'i.

A wani gajeren lokaci, maƙiyi jirgin sama kai tsaye a berths 4 fi iko Amurka Navy battleships aka hallaka, wadanda daga abin da kawai 2 tare da tsananin wahalar gudanar ya warke bayan da yaki. More 4 jiragen ruwa da irin wannan wahala da tsanani raunin da aka abada kashe.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, suka sunk ko tsanani lalace 3 hallaka, Cruisers 3 da daya mine Layer. A sakamakon makiya bombardment Amirkawa ma rasa 270 jirage a tsaye a lokacin a kan wani bakin teku aerodrome da kuma a kan cikas na jirgin sama dako. A saman wannan an halaka torpedo da man fetur tankuna, Piers, gyara yadi da kuma ikon shuka.

Amma babban bala'i ya da wani gagarumin asarar ma'aikata. A sakamakon haka, da Japan harin jirgin sama ya kashe wani mutum a 2404 da kuma 11 779 suka ji rauni. Bayan haka, ban mamaki events na Amurka ayyana yaki kan Japan da kuma a hukumance shiga cikin zanga-Hitler hadaka.

Bugu da ari gaba na Japan sojojin

Tashin hankalin a Pearl Harbor, ya kawo saukar da wani gagarumin rabo daga Amurka Navy, kuma kamar yadda Birtaniya, Australia da kuma Dutch fleets ba zai iya yin sama da sojan ruwa sojojin na Japan tsanani gasar, ta samu ta wucin gadi magabaci a cikin Pacific. Bugu da ari tashin Tokyo jagoranci da ke kawance da Thailand, soja yarjejeniyar da aka sanya hannu a watan Disamba 1941.

Amurka da Japan, da yaki tsiwirwirinsu lokacinta kuma ya zo da wata matsala a cikin farkon gwamnatin na Roosevelt. Tun Disamba 25, da kokari na Japan da kuma Thailand gudanar ya kashe da juriya na Birtaniya sojojin a Hong Kong, da kuma jama'ar {asar Amirka da aka tilasta ta hanyar amai da kayan aiki da kuma dukiya, da su fice daga kwasfan dirkoki guda a kasashen tsibirai.

Har farkon watan Mayu 1942 soja nasara kokari tare da kasar Japan sojojin da kuma sojojin ruwa, wanda a yarda da Sarkin sarakuna Hirohito ya dauki iko da sararin yankuna sun hada da Philippines, Java, Bali, wani ɓangare na Solomon Islands da kuma New Guinea, British Malaya da Dutch Gabas Indies. Japan fursuna yayin da akwai game da 130 da dubu. Burtaniya sojojin.

A sauyi a cikin shakka daga ayyukan soji

A Amurka yaki da Japan da wani daban-daban raya kawai bayan teku yaƙi tsakanin su fleets, wanda ya faru May 8, 1942 a Coral Sea. A wannan lokaci, Amurka ta da cikakken dadin da goyon bayan da anti-Hitler kawance masõya sojojin.

Wannan yaki kuwa ya gangara a tarihi a matsayin na farko a cikin abin da makiya jiragen ruwa kada ku kusanci juna, ba sanya guda harbi kuma ba ma gani juna. All ayyukan soji suna da za'ayi na musamman dangane da wadannan jirage sojan ruwa jirgin sama. Yana da aka gaske a karo na biyu m yaƙi kungiyoyin.

Duk da cewa a cikin shakka daga yaƙi babu wani daga cikin tsaurin jam'iyyun gaza lashe bayyananne nasara, dabarun amfani, duk da haka, ya kasance a gefen da majiɓinta. Da fari dai, wannan teku yaƙi tsaya nasara, har zuwa wannan lokaci, da gabatarwa da Japan sojojin, tare da cin nasarar yaki da yaki da Amurka da kuma Japan, da kuma, abu na biyu, shi m da shan kashi na Japan jiragen ruwa a gaba yaƙi, wanda ya faru a cikin watan Yuni 1942, a yankin na Atoll Midway.

A Coral Sea aka sunk ta biyu manyan Japan jirgin sama m - "Shokaku" da "Zuikaku". Sai ya juya daga gare ta mallaka Navy irreparable asara, sakamakon wata nasara ga Amurka da kawayenta a gaba sojan ruwa yaki kunna komowar ruwa na yaki a cikin Pacific.

Ƙoƙarin ci gaba da tsohon ci

Rasa Midway 4 more jirgin sama dako, 248 fama jirgin sama da kuma da mafi kyau matuka, Japan rasa ikon ci gaba da aiki yadda ya kamata, a cikin tẽku waje da zones rufe bakin-tushen jirgin sama, wanda ya ga ta wani real bala'i. Bayan da cewa, Sarkin sarakuna Hirohito da sojojin ba zai iya cimma wani tsanani nasara, da kuma duk da kokarin da aka yi niyya da kiyaye baya nasara yankuna. A halin yanzu da yaki tsakanin Japan da kuma Amurka, amma har yanzu ƙarshe.

A lokacin da na jini da kuma yaki mai tsanani, wanda dade ga na gaba 6 watanni, a watan Fabrairu 1943, American sojojin sun iya kama tsibirin Guadalcanal. Wannan nasara da aka aiwatar da dabarun shirya domin kariya daga convoys tsakanin United States, Australia da kuma New Zealand. A nan gaba, har zuwa karshen Amurka da kuma kawance da gwamnatin dauki iko da Sulemanu, da kuma Aleutian Islands, yammacin ɓangare na tsibirin New Birtaniya, kudu-maso-gabas na New Guinea, kazalika da Gilbert Islands, wanda kasance wani ɓangare na Burtaniya mallaka.

A 1944, {asar Amirka da Japan, da yaki ya dauki komowar. Bayan m ta soja m, kuma ba da ciwon da karfin ci gaba da m ayyukan, Sarkin sarakuna Hirohito sojojin mayar da hankali dukan sojojin da tsaro na baya kama yankuna na kasar Sin da kuma Burma, bada wani karin himma a hannun abokan gaba. Wannan ya sa da dama daga kashi. Saboda haka, a watan Fabrairu 1944, da Japan aka tilasta koma baya daga Marshall, da kuma watanni shida daga baya - da Mariana Islands. A watan Satumba, suka bar New Guinea, kuma a watan Oktoba, rasa iko da Caroline Islands.

A auka daga cikin sojojin Sarkin sarakuna Hirohito

Amurka da Japan yaki (1941-1945) wanda aka kamala a watan Oktoba 1944 a lokacin da kokari na masõya aka sanya nasara Philippine aiki. Bugu da kari a cikin US Army, shi ya samu halartar dakarun Australia da kuma Mexico. Su na kowa burin da aka 'yantar da Philippines daga Japan.

A sakamakon yakin, kafa a kan Oktoba 23-26, a Leyte Gulf, Japan rasa da girma da ta sojojin ruwa. Its asarar da aka 4 m 3 battleships, 11 hallaka, Cruisers da kuma 10 2 na submarine. Philippines kasance gaba daya a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin masõya, amma harben rikicin ci gaba su har zuwa karshen yakin duniya na biyu.

A wannan shekara, da jin dadin mai fadi gefe a manpower da kayan aiki, sojojin Amurka sun yi nasarar gudanar daga Fabrairu 20 ga Maris 15, da aiki zuwa kama Iwo Jima tsibirin, kuma daga Afrilu 1 ga Yuni 21 - Okinawa. Duka su mallakar Japan, kuma ya zama wani m tushe ga iska hare kan garuruwanta.

Musamman yankunan da aka kai hari a kan Tokyo, da Amurka Air Force aiwatar 9-10 Maris 1945. A sakamakon m harin bom, shi an kõma zuwa ga kango na 250 da dubu. Gine-gine, da kuma kashe game da dubu 100. Mutane, wanda mafi yawansu sun fararen hula. A daidai wannan lokacin, Amurka da kuma Japan, da yaki da aka alama ta farko na kawance sojojin a Burma, da kuma m saki da shi daga Japan zama.

A farko a cikin tarihin na atomic harin bom

Bayan da 9 ga watan Agusta, 1945, Soviet sojojin suka kaddamar da wani farmakin a Manchuria, shi ya quite shakka cewa Pacific yaƙin neman zaɓe, kuma tare da shi da yaki (1945), Japan - US kammala. Duk da haka, duk da wannan, gwamnatin {asar Amirka ta dauka mataki da cewa yana da wani analogues ba a baya ba kuma ba a wadannan shekaru. Nukiliya harin bom da aka yi da umurninsa na Japan birane na Hiroshima da kuma Nagasaki.

A farko atomic bam da aka kika aika da safe na 6 Agusta 1945 a Hiroshima. Ta gabatar da Amurka Air Force B-29 m, ta haifa da sunan Enola Gay bayan mahaifiyarsa ƙungiya kwamandan - Kanar Paul Tibetsa. The sosai guda bam kira Little Boy, wanda yake nufin - "The Kid." Duk da m sunan, bam din ya da ikon 18 kilotons na TNT, kuma aka kashe su, bisa ga daban-daban kimomi, daga 95 zuwa 160 da dubu. Man.

Bayan kwanaki uku, ya bi ta hanyar daya more atomic bama-bamai. Wannan lokaci ta manufa shi Nagasaki. Amirkawa ne karkata zuwa ba sunayen ba kawai jiragen ruwa ko aircrafts, kuma ko da bama-bamai, ya kira shi da Fat Man - «Fat Man". Ya tsĩrar da wannan kisa wanda ikon da aka daidaita zuwa 21 kilotons na TNT B-29 Bockscar, wani ƙungiya umarta ta Charles Sweeney. Wannan lokaci da wadanda aka ci zarafinsu sun tsakanin 60 da 80 da dubu. Fararen hula.

The sallama na Japan

A tura da bam din, wanda ya ƙare shekaru na Amurka ke jagoranta yaki tare da Japan da aka haka mai girma cewa firayim ministan kasar Kantaro Suzuki kira ga sarki Hirohito, wata sanarwa game da bukatar farkon lõkacin fatara daga duk tashin. A sakamakon haka, a farkon 6 kwanaki bayan na biyu atomic hari, Japan ta sanar da sallama a kan Satumba 2 na wannan shekara da yi aka sanya hannu. A sayi wannan tarihi daftarin aiki ƙare yaki Amurka - Japan (1941-1945 gg.). Ya kasance da karshe yi na yakin duniya na biyu.

A cewar rahotanni, da Amurka asarar a yaki da Japan amounted zuwa 296 929 mutane. Daga cikin wadannan, 169 635 - sojoji da jami'an ƙasa raka'a, da kuma 127.294 - Navy da kuma sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa. A lokaci guda a cikin yaki da Hitler ta Jamus 185 994 Amirkawa da aka kashe.

Shin America da hakkin ya isar da makaman nukiya ya?

Cikin dukanin post-yaki shekarun da suka gabata unabated shawara a kan ya dace da, haramun na makaman nukiya, ya jawo a lokacin da yaki (1945), Japan - Amurka da aka riga kusan kammala. Kamar yadda mafi yawan kasashen duniya masana, a wannan yanayin, da muhimman hakkokin tambaya shi ne ko da kai harin, wanda ya kashe dubun dubbai na rayuwar da ake bukata don shiga cikin yarjejeniya a kan sallama na Japan a kan sharuddan yarda ga gwamnatin shugaba Garri Trumena, kuma akwai sauran hanyoyin da za a cimma da ake so sakamakon?

Magoya bayan da bam din ya bayar da hujjar cewa saboda wannan sosai m, amma wajaba a kansa, a cikin ra'ayi, da matakan da za a tilasta wa Sarkin sarakuna Hirohito mika wuya, yayin da guje wa juna hadayu, babu makawa da nasaba da mai zuwa mamayewa na sojojin Amurka a Japan, da saukowa daga sojojin a kan tsibirin Kyushu.

Bugu da kari, sun haifar da wani misãli ba, statistics, wanda ya nuna cewa a kowane wata na yaki da aka tare da wani m asarar mazauna shagaltar da kasashen na Japan. A musamman, ya kiyasta cewa a dukan zamanin da zaman na Japan da sojoji a kasar Sin daga 1937 zuwa 1945 yawan halaka a kan kowane wata game da 150 da dubu. Man. A irin wannan abin kwaikwaya kuma za a iya gani a sauran wurare na Japan zama.

Saboda haka, shi ne mai sauki yin lissafi da cewa ba tare da wani nukiliya yajin, wanda hakan ya tilasta wa Japan gwamnati to da nan da nan sallama, kowane m watan na yaki za a kwashe akalla 250 dubu. Lives, yanzu wuce yawan wadanda ke fama da harin bom.

A wannan batun, yanzu tsira jikan Shugaba Garri Trumena - Deniel Trumen - a 2015, da rana da saba'in da shekara da ranar tunawa da atomic harin bom na Hiroshima da kuma Nagasaki tuna cewa kakansa har karshen kwanaki tũba a zubar da su ba su da ayyana da undoubted correctness na yanke shawara. A cewar shi, shi ne sun fi mayar da kara ƙarshen soja rikici, Japan - Amurka. Yakin duniya na II iya da kyau šauki ga dama watanni, idan ba a matsayin m matakan da gwamnatin Amurka.

Abokan adawar na da wannan ra'ayi

abokan adawar da bam din, bi da bi jayayya da cewa ba tare da su Amurka da kuma Japan a yakin duniya na II sha wahala gagarumin hasarori, wanda ya karu a kudi na fama tsakanin farar hula, yawan na biyu birane shafi nukiliya hari laifin yaki ne, kuma mai yiwuwa adadin zuwa jihar ta'addanci.

A alfãsha, kuma da ba makaman nukiliya harin sanya kalamai da yawa American masana kimiyya, wanda kaina halarci da ci gaban wadannan m makamai. A farkon masu kushe ne shahararren American nukiliya likita Albert Einstein da kuma Leo Szilard. Back a 1939 da suka rubuta na hadin gwiwa da wasika zuwa shugaban kasar Amurka Roosevelt, a cikin abin da suka ba da wani halin kirki kima na yin amfani da makaman nukiliya.

A May 1945, bakwai jagorancin American masana a fagen nukiliya da bincike, karkashin jagorancin Dzheymsom Frankom kuma ya aiko da sakon da shugaban jihar. A da shi, masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa, idan Amurka ɓullo da farko yin amfani da makami, zai rabu da ita da taimakon kasashen duniya, za su bayar da wani impetus ga makamai tseren da kuma rushe gaba chances for worldwide iko a kan irin wannan makami.

A Hangaren siyasa na batun

Bisa gayyatar da aka yi a kan garuruwa na Japan, ya kamata mu yi la'akari da yadda za a yi amfani da makaman nukiliya a cikin garuruwan Japan. Wannan wata alama ce ta iko tare da manufar rinjayar jagorancin Soviet Union da kaina a Stalin.

A lokacin da, bayan yakin yakin duniya na biyu, akwai wani tsari na farfadowa da tasirin tasiri tsakanin manyan ikon da suka kayar da fascist Jamus a cikin jimawa, Truman yayi la'akari da cewa dole ne ya nuna wa duniya wanda a yanzu yake da iko mafi karfi.

Sakamakon ayyukansa shi ne tseren makamai, farkon Yakin Cold da kuma Gumma mai launi wanda ya raba duniya cikin sassa biyu. A wani bangare, farfaganda na Soviet ta tsoratar da mutane da barazanar da ake zargin sun fito ne daga "babban birnin duniya" kuma suka kaddamar da fina-finai game da yakin da Japan da Amurka, a daya bangaren, ba su da ƙarfin yin magana game da "Ruriyar Rasha", wanda ya danganci al'amuran duniya da Kirista. Saboda haka, fashewar Atomic da ta raguwa a karshen yakin da ke cikin biranen Japan, ya yi kira a ko'ina cikin duniya har shekaru da yawa.