The poetic symbolism a wallafe-wallafen

A nuna na 19-20 ƙarni na symbolism a adabi alama halayyar da lokaci na musamman mataki. Ya tsoma aka ji, a karshe shekarun da suka gabata na karni na sha tara. Symbolism a adabi da ado da kuma falsafa burin jama'ar balaga a kan backdrop na siyasa dauki cewa bi da shan kashi na neman sauyi populism. Wannan zamanin yana da wani zaman jama'a stagnation. A wannan zamanin, na symbolism a cikin jariri.

Wallafe-wallafe, shayari musamman, damu game da cutar, da dakushe a lokacin. Poetry, tun rasa ta tsohon ikon, ƙarfi kuma tsawo, iri na da iri na. The waka kanta kayan aiki ya rasa ta samar da makamashi da kuma gaskiya kerawa.

Symbolism a adabi fito a matsayin mai rashin amincewa da impoverishment, da marmarin komawa zuwa ta rayuwa da karfi, ya ce wani sabo kalma. A cikin shugabanci da shi ya zo da shi wani mummunan dauki zuwa Rasha zargi da ta jari hujja views. Daga baya ya fara da adawa da akidar Karl Marx sukar lamiri. The poetic symbolism a adabi ciyar addini da kuma idealism.

A farko manifestations na motsi ta bayyana a cikin rubutun Dmitry Merezhkovsky, ya tarin waqe "Alamomin". A 1894-95. fitar da "Rasha zargi." A cikin wadannan uku collections daga buga ayyukan advantageously matasa Briusov Bal'mont. A cikin wadannan ayyuka, daya ji wani sabon Trend.

A Rasha, akwai symbolism a wallafe-wallafen ba ware daga kasashen yamma. Sun kasida bayar a wasu mataki na tasiri na Turanci, Faransanci, German shayari. Duk da cewa a wasu hanya gane Symbolist Makamantan bayanai falsafar Schopenhauer da Nietzsche, suka sosai emphatically musanta cewa suna da wata muhimman hakkokin dogara a kan Yammacin Turai wallafe-wallafe. Sun yi kokarin samun saiwoyinsa a cikin 'yan qasar adabi, aiki na Feta, Tiutchev, Fofanova. Sun abubuwan da ake bukata domin kafa irin "zumunci" da ayyukan Lermontov da Pushkin. A cewar Balmont, symbolism ya wanzu na dogon lokaci. Ya dauke Symbolists Calderon da Blake, Baudelaire da Edgar Allan Poe da sauransu.

Babu shakka cewa kerawa Tiutchev da Feta ãyõyi symbolism ba. Bugu da kari, game da wani shakka game da dangantakar da m al'adun Rasha, ta kasa gona da aka evidenced da gaskiya cewa shugabanci bai mutu ba, amma a maimakon haka, tasowa, nishadantarwa da sabon ƙarfi a cikin gado.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa Rasha symbolism a wallafe-wallafen daga West sãɓã wa jũna quite sharply. Wannan shi ne saboda, da farko, to ibada, dũkiya, nasarori a cikin wannan shugabanci a Rasha.

A farkon lokaci na samuwar kwarara Symbolist ayyukan sau da yawa izgili da kuma ko hõre su dinga yin izgili. A mawãƙi aka a haɗe da sunan decadent, haka kimantawa da decadent yanayi na rashin bege, a pronounced individualism, tunani na rayuwa na kin amincewa. Duk da haka, da farko na gaba karni da symbolism fara tsaya fitar a matsayin mai da wallafe-wallafen motsi a duk fuskoki dabam-dabam tare da yaƙĩni. Yana da wuya ya gauraye da sauran mamaki na art, sai ya fara da ta ilmi, poetics, su samuwar kuma koyarwa. 1900 ya zama wani irin kasashen waje - a cikin wannan lokaci ya tabbatar da "fuska" na symbolism a wallafe-wallafe. Yana da aka alama ta saki na balagagge, fentin mai haske hali na marubucin littafin Balmont "kona gine-gine" da kuma ayyukan Bryusov "The uku matsara» ( «Tertia Vigilia»).

A cikin wallafe-wallafe, symbolist motsi ya ga Romantics, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa da ƙunshe falsafa, yarda da addini overtones na wani sabon shugabanci. A Symbolists sun iya sensitively kama da bayyana a ji na foreboding na ban tausayi zamantakewa bala'i na farkon karni na ashirin.