"Tatra T3 ': zane fasali da kuma hoto

Domin tramways ba gari tafi zamani model na trams, wanda jawo hankalin hankalin ba kawai domin ta mai salo bayyanar, amma kuma fasaha fasali cewa da gaske yaba. Sun tafi zare jiki, da sauri, yadda ya kamata, su ne zahiri cika da ta'aziyya, don haka a mafi yawan lokuta daga haihuwa trams a garuruwan ƙi. Wannan shi ne yadda a hankali titunan Rasha birane hankali bace trams "Tatra T3 'model. Amma da zarar aka mai da su mai sadaukarwa. Abin farin, babu manyan birane har yanzu suna amfani da, don haka ba za ka iya tsoma a nostalgia da kuma tuna da Soviet sau, a lokacin da wadannan trams ko'ina.

Duk da haka, ka taba tunani a daki-daki, game da tarihin, zane fasali da kuma irin wannan batutuwa bisa, misali, "Tatra T3 'model? Very 'yan mutane tafiya da jama'a kai da a layi daya tunani game da abin da su ne zane fasali na wani samfurin. Saboda haka, idan kuna da sha'awar a cikin wannan labarin, za ka sami dukan zama dole bayani game da tram. Ya ƙunshi manyan yawa na fadi da dama na bayanai, da suka fara da gyare-gyare da aka ambata a sama, da kuma kawo karshen tare da zane fasali da kuma fasaha bayani dalla-dalla.

Mene ne wannan?

Saboda haka, "Tatra T3 '- wani model na tram motoci, wanda aka samar a shekarar 1960. Ƙare samar da wadannan trams a 1999 kadai. A sakamakon haka, a wannan lokaci fiye da dubu goma sha huɗu da motoci da aka samar, wanda aka modified, dangane da ceto karshen. Gyare-gyare da za a tattauna kadan daga baya, amma a yanzu ya kamata tattara a general bayanai game da trams "Tatra T3 '. Tsananin magana, wadannan motoci da aka sanya duk lokacin da a Prague, amma ban sha'awa ɓangare daga gare su aka aiko zuwa ga tarayyar Soviet da kuma sauran gurguzu kasashen. A yammacin Turai, kai ne da kamar wuya saduwa irin motoci - sai dai a gabashin Jamus.

gyare-gyare

Za ka riga san cewa tram "Tatra T3 'da aka samar a Prague, bi da bi, babban kasuwa ya kasance mai gida gare shi. Mafi yawa daga cikin trams wannan model da aka samar da amfani a kan ƙasa na Czechoslovakia. Amma ga fitar da kaya, a cikin wannan harka da shi da aka gudanar fiye da aiki. Wannan ne evidenced da sosai cewa ga kowane manufa kasar halitta da kansa gyara, wanda shi ne ba sosai daban-daban daga asali, amma har yanzu yana da 'yan wasu cikakkun bayanai da kuma abubuwa.

Haka kuma an nuna a cikin mota model sunan. Alal misali, na biyu mafi girma yawan kwafi samar ya T3SU model cewa da aka tsĩrar da Tarayyar Soviet (SU daga Tarayyar Soviet). Babban bambancin dake tsakanin wadannan musamman motoci daga asali ya kasance da rashin tsakiya kofa, da kuma karin kujeru da aka shigar a kan narkar izinin. Har ila yau, da kamfanoni tsani located a baya da mota, ba a tsakiyar, wanda aka hade da rashi na tsakiya kofa. Akwai sauran qananan bambance-bambance, wanda aka ware da model a kan bango na da tushe.

Ina kuma tsĩrar da tram "Tatra T3 '? Yana da aka raba version na Jamus, {asar Yugoslavia, da kuma Romania, kuma a shekarar 1992 ya fara da za a samar trams T3RF, wanda ake nufi da za a kafa a Rasha Federation. Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura T3SUCS model tram - Waɗannan su ne motoci, wanda aka bayar a kan tushen da aka yi nufi ga tarayyar Soviet, amma shi ake kawota zuwa kasuwannin gida. Gaskiyar cewa asalin model yanzu ba a samar a shekarar 1976, amma akwai wani gaggawa bukatar maye gurbin yawa mazan motoci a eighties. A sa'an nan, kuma ya fara samar da wannan gyara.

A tarihin tram

Menene tarihin na mota da ta gyare-gyare, kamar mafi shahara tsakanin su - "Tatra T3SU"? Ya kamata a bayyana a fili cewa, a kan tushen da sunan, shi ya ba na farko mota a cikin jerin - "T2" motoci da aka samar a baya, da kuma ba kawai ga Czechoslovakia, amma kuma a cikin manyan yawa da aka fitar dashi da Tarayyar Soviet. Wadannan motoci da su shortcomings, wanda aka shafe ta a cikin sabon version.

Tuni a shekarar 1960 na farko samfur da aka shirya, abin da aka gwada da kuma yarda da. Sa'an nan, taro samar fara da farko tram na sabon model tafi ta titunan Prague a lokacin rani na 1961. Duk da haka, a cikin bazara na shekarar 1962 da trams da aka dauka daga sabis saboda lahanin da aka gyarawa da kuma rabin shekara. A sakamakon haka, da karshe ranar farkon da tram aiki ya zama kaka na shekarar 1963. A wannan shekara suka fara, da kuma kayayyaki qware motoci da Tarayyar Soviet - da yawan shine mafi girman, ko a Czechoslovakia aka ba amfani da yawa motoci na wannan model, kamar yadda amfani da "T3SU Tatra" trams. Madubin daga wadannan trams a Soviet birane sun sosai tsawo da kuma kare kawai a shekarar 1987.

Recent tarihi

Koma ba a, kamar yadda ka sani, a cikin farkon nineties, a lokacin da Rasha Federation zama samuwa T3RF motoci. Suka tsĩrar da Rasha Federation har karshe lokacin, a lõkacin da aka katse su samar, wato, har sai 1999. Duk da haka, da wadata da karshen ba ya nufin ƙarshen amfani: kawai game da goma sha dubu trams aka tsĩrar da Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma da yawa daga cikinsu an kyautata wa mika rayuwar baya shekara goma sha biyar. A birane da yawa wadannan trams tafi da dubun, kuma daruruwan, don haka da cewa a nan gaba a Rasha, su ne ba daidai zamanin ne a kan.

Fasaha halaye na biyu-kofa model

"Tatra T3 'kofa biyu shi ne babban samfurin kawota Tarayyar Soviet. Shi ke nan game da shi, kuma kana bukatar ka gaya farko. Yana yana da 38 wuraren zama da kuma wani wurin zama damar da yawa kamar yadda mutane 110. Yana yana hudu Te na engine 022, kowanne daga abin yana da damar 40 kilowatts. Design gudun da model ne 72 kilomita awa, yayin da ainihin iyakar gudu ne 65 kilomita awa. A tsawon na mota ne 14 mita, nisa - biyu da rabi mita, kuma tsawo - mita uku. Its taro ne kamar goma sha shida tons. A lokacin da hada biyu motoci samun wani jirgin kasa na mita 30 a tsawon. Idan muka magana game da abin da yake a ciki, shi ne ya kamata a lura da tsawo na da ciki, wanda shi ne mita 2 40 santimita, kuma da nisa daga ƙofar, wanda shi ne 1 mita 30 santimita. Wannan shi ne babban fasaha halaye, wanda yana da tramcar "Tatra T3 '. Salon tare da shi, kamar yadda za ka iya gani, da manya-manyan da kuma na ɗaki, da kuma mota kanta tana da kyau size.

Fasaha halaye na uku-kofa model

Duk da haka, biyu-kofa model aka tsĩrar da Tarayyar Soviet ba duk lokaci - daga baya a Czechoslovakia ya fara samun umarni ga uku-kofa kekunan shanun "Tatra T3 '. A hotuna show cewa bambancin dake tsakanin biyu motoci da aka ba ma manyan, amma har yanzu yana da. Saboda haka, dalla-dalla ga wannan mota kamata a yi la'akari more a hankali, kazalika da kwatanta su da na baya version.

Saboda haka, yawan kujerun saboda zargin tsakiyar kofa da aka rage - a cewa su mota yana 34, ba 38. Har ila yau, ki kuma fasinja iya aiki, wanda yanzu ya yi sama da 95 mutane, cewa shi ne kasa da goma sha biyar fasinjoji. A engine ya zauna daidai da wannan, ba su canza lambar, don haka da gudu ya kasance iri guda. Girma ba su canza, a gaskiya, a matsayin nauyi na dukan mota. Kamar yadda ka gani, da bambance-bambance da gaske ba da yawa, har ma da nisa daga cikin dari bude kasance iri guda.

Design fasali

Abu na gaba da ya nemi a lokacin da la'akari da wani abin hawa kamar wani tram "Tatra T3 '- gyara da kuma majalisai, truck jiki da kuma lantarki da kuma birki, kazalika da yafi. Kawai sa, yanzu ta ke game da zane fasali na tram. Kuma na farko al'amari, wanda yake shi ne daraja biya da hankali ga, shi ne cikakken rashi na pneumatic kayan aiki. Wannan yana nufin cewa duk kayan aiki a cikin wannan tram ne mechanically ko electrically. Duk da haka, wannan shi ne halayyar dukan kewayon motoci.

Menene sabon a cikin zane ya bayyana daidai a "T3" model? Board sai rufi ya zauna m karfe, amma ƙarshen mota da aka yi na kai-extinguishing fiberglass, musamman polymer abu, wanda yana da yawa m nauyi, kuma mafi girman streamlining. Saboda haka, yin amfani da wannan abu ne mai yiwuwa a rage overall nauyi da kuma ƙara da nata irin kaddarorin da motoci. Har ila yau, ya sarrafa halin yanzu ta hanyar da motsi na da injuna amfani da wani hadadden lantarki na'ura, kira totur. A cikin gida da aka shigar kyalli fitilu kuma heaters iska hita, wanda ya samar da fasinjoji da wani matsakaicin matakin na ta'aziyya. Model tram "Tatra T3 'muhimmanci wuce fasaha fasali na da wanda ya riga, tsarin" T2 ".

gidaje

"Tatra T3 '- mirgina stock, wanda shi ne har yanzu a amfani cikin Rasha, da kuma cewa yana nufin cewa a lokacin da data motoci da aka sanya a matakin qarshe. Amma idan ka duba a cikin gabata, za mu iya fahimtar cewa a shekarar 1963 da model wani abu m. Babu wani pneumatic, samuwan high quality-kyalli fitilu da kuma dumama, kazalika da sauran siffofin na jiki da ke sa wannan real rarity tram. Musamman kasaftawa polymeric gidaje abubuwa da arched Gilashin motan. A general, wannan tram da yawa dauke gaba da lokaci, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi ne har yanzu haka rare a irin wannan babbar kasa kamar kasar Rasha. Hakika, da tasiri da kuma ikon yinsa, daga wadata kuma me ya sa rabu da goma sha dubu trams idan suka za a iya modified da za a yi amfani da on?

kuraye

Tare da wannan tram carriages yi ko da yaushe yana da matsaloli da yawa. Da fari dai, saboda da rage yawan nauyin da mota sau da yawa bai iya zuwa kamar yadda azumi kamar yadda za mu so, musamman a lokacin da mataki ya faru a kan wata rigar, ko daskararre waƙoƙi. Kuma wannan ne ya sa ba kawai da bukatar birki a baya, amma kuma sauri stitching ƙafafun, wanda a hankali ya samu wani square siffar da farawa da hayaniya.

Duk da haka, wannan ya ba da kawai matsalar, kamar yadda wadannan motoci sun fara yawa lalacewa reluwe a kan wanda tafiya, saboda gaskiyar cewa sun yi amfani da wata guda-mataki dakatar da truck fasaha. Mafi m, wannan da aka yi don rage farashin matsayin biyu-mataki cushioning, wanda bar babu irin wannan burbushi a kan hanya, aka riga aka sani, kuma rayayye a yi amfani da sauran model na trams.

A sakamakon haka, ko da da Voronezh shuka fara nuna musamman nika trams cewa zaravnivali reluwe. Bayan duk, idan ka bar su a cikin irin wannan hanyar da a karshen shi zai iya kai ga tsanani lalacewa. Haka kuma, wadannan reluwe sa da yawa daga amo ko trams sauran brands da kuma model.

electrics

Wadannan motoci sun sosai m lantarki da kayan aiki, wanda tabbatar da santsi tafi, kuma da yawa wasu m dalilai, amma a lokaci guda akwai wasu tsanani shortcomings. Alal misali, sanannen trams ba da mafi AMINCI, kazalika da "cuta" m totur yatsa, wanda ya sa m hatsarori faruwa. A wasu lokuta, su kawai kai ga jinkiri a kan layin da, da kuma wani lokacin har da cire tram Lines a cikin gaggawa yanayin.

birki

Game da braking tsarin, shi ya ba da daya kawai - akwai kawai uku. Wadannan tsarin aiki da kansa da juna - da electrodynamic tsarin ne mai asali electromechanical amfani da su dotormazhivaniya, kazalika da Magnetic dogo, wanda ake amfani da gaggawa braking, kazalika da a ci gaba da mota a fita daga duwãtsu, kuma tseren a kan su.

shortcomings

Babban ko rashin amfani wannan model za a iya gani a matsayin ciki amo saboda da aiki na janareta-motor kuma mai danko totur yatsunsu nuna a sama. Kuma kula fasinja ta'aziyya - polvagona ne da muni, da kuma windows - shi ne ma low. Haka kuma an sau da yawa tare da aiki da tram creaks - creak kamar kofofin bude da kuma rufe, da kuma motoci da kansu a cikin bends.

shahararsa

Yana ta ba mamaki cewa a Rasha wadannan motoci har yanzu suna Popular. Duk da haka, da suka da aka sani wajen kasar. Alal misali, za ka iya samun wani tram "Tatra T3 'for Trainz 12, da m na'urar kwaikwayo jiragen kasa da kuma trams. Wannan wasa ne na musamman a cikin irin kuma ba ka damar tafiya a kan wani iri-iri na jiragen kasa. Kuma a cikin 2012 version yana da model na "Tatra T3 'domin na Trainz, don haka idan ba ka so ko ba zai iya hawa kan wannan tram, kana da damar shiryar da mai rumfa.