Samurai takuba. Japan makamai da kuma da jinsin

A zamanin da Tokugawa shogunate daga 1603 ya da wata dangantaka da kula na baya art ikon mallakar mashi. A wurin da jini wars zo cikin zamanin da fasaha da kuma kyautata na soja gasar tare da takuba. Arts da alaka da hurumin da takobi, aka kira "kenjutsu", shi ya samo asali a cikin hanyar ruhaniya kai-kyautata.

Ma'ana samurai takobi

Wadannan samurai takuba aka dauke ba kawai makaman da masu sana'a soja, amma wata alama ce da samurai aji, da alama na girmamawa da kuma mazakuta, ƙarfin zuciya da kuma ƙarfin hali. Tun zamanin da aka a matsayin wani makami a matsayin alfarma kyauta rãnã aljanna to ya jikan, hukuncin a ƙasa. Takobi ya za a yi amfani da kawai don kawar da mugayen, rashin adalci da kuma kare kyau. Ya na daga cikin Shinto addini. Makamai ado haikalin, mãsu alfarma wurare. A 8th karni Japan firistoci da hannu a samar, tsaftacewa, polishing na takuba.

Samurai yi ko da yaushe dole ka sa na warrior. Domin da takobi da aka bai girman kai daga wuri a cikin gidan, a alkuki a saman kusurwar - tokonoma. Suna sa a kan wani tsayawar ko tatikake katanakake. Zuwa gado, samurai takuba aza kansa a kai a hannu ta tsawon.

Wani mutum ya iya zama matalauta, amma da wani tsada ruwa a wani na kwarai saitin. The takobi an alama, wanda yake jaddada zamantakewa matsayi. Domin kare kanka daga cikin ruwa samurai ya na da 'yancin ya yi hadaya da ransa da iyalinsa.

Saita na Japan warrior

Japan sojoji ko da yaushe ɗauka tãre da shi takuba biyu, na nuna cewa shi nasa ne da samurai. Kit warrior (Dyce) kunshi tsawo da kuma gajeren ruwa. Long samurai Katana takobi ko ba (60 zuwa 90 cm) - babban makami na samurai daga 14th karni. Yana da aka sawa a kan bel maki sama. Wasa takobinsa da daya hannun, yana da mai lankwasa ruwa da kuma makama. Mayu sun iya kashe fagen fama a walƙiya gudun a kasarun adadi na biyu ne ja ruwa da kuma yin wani lilo. Wannan dabara da ake kira "laijutsu".

Short samurai takobi vakidzasi (Shoto ko Kodachi) sau biyu ya fi guntu (30 zuwa 60 cm) sawa a bel baki ɗaya zuwa gaba, an yi amfani da kasa akai-akai, a lokacin da gudanar fagen fama a cramped yanayi. Tare da vakidzasi sojoji yanke kawunan kashe makiya ko ana kama a tarko a zaman talala, da aikata seppuku - kunar bakin wake. Mafi sau da yawa samurai Katana yãƙi, ko da yake a musamman makarantun horar da yaƙi a kan takuba biyu.

Iri samurai takuba

Bugu da kari ya sa na Dan Lido, akwai da dama iri na Japan takuba amfani da warriors.

• Tsuruga, chokutō - wani tsoho takobi amfani har 11th karni, ya mike gefuna da wasa a garesu.
• Ken - kai tsaye tsoho ruwa, wasa a garesu, aka yi amfani da addini da kuma bikin da wuya a yi amfani da fama.
• Tachi - manyan lankwasa takobi (tsawon 61 cm daga tip) amfani da mahaya, gajiyayye-saukar tip.
• Nodati ko Odat - matsananci ruwa (1 m zuwa 1.8 m), wanda shi ne wani nau'i ne na barayi, sawa a baya da mahayi.
• Tanto - wuƙa (30 cm tsawo).
• Domin workouts amfani da bamboo takuba (shinai) da kuma itace (bokken). Training makami da za a iya amfani da fama da wani rashin cancanta abokin gaba, kamar wani burglar.

Commoners da kuma maza daga cikin ƙananan azuzuwan da dama don kare kananan wukake da kuma rike da wuka, kamar yadda akwai wani doka a kan hakkin ya ci takuba.

Katana takobi

Katana - Samurai takobi yãƙi, kashi na misali makamai na warrior da kananan ruwa wakizashi. An amfani a cikin 15th karni godiya ga kyautata na barayi. Katana daban-daban mai lankwasa m ruwa, dogon mike rike, kyale rike shi da daya ko biyu hannuwanku. The ruwa yana da kadan lanƙwasa da kuma nuna karshen da aka yi amfani da na yankan da kuma thrusting. Weight takobi ne 1 - 1,5 kg. Domin ƙarfi, sassauci da kuma taurin da samurai Katana takobi daukan tsakanin sauran ruwan wukake farko wuri a duniya, cuts da kashi, da muzzle na bindiga da kuma ƙarfe wuce Bulat Larabawa da Turai takuba.

Maƙeri Forging dauke da makamai, sun taba sanya kayan aiki, domin cewa da umurninsa da sauran iyayengiji. Katana - mai zanen, tattara a sakamakon wata tawagar aiki. Samurai ko da yaushe yana da 'yan sets na kayan aiki, sawa a kan lokaci. The ruwa shige da ƙarni daga tsara zuwa tsara, da kuma siffar iya bambanta dangane da yanayi.

A tarihin Katana

A 710, na almara Japan swordsman Amakuni farko amfani da fama da takobi da wani mai lankwasa ruwa. Ƙirƙira daga disparate records, yana da saber siffar. Its siffar da aka ba su canja ba har sai cikin karni na 19th. Daga 12th karni Katana takuba an dauke aristocrats. A karkashin mulkin na shogun Ashikaga hadisin na saka takuba biyu, wanda sun zama gata na samurai aji. A sa na samurai takuba ne wani ɓangare na soja, ƙungiyoyin da kuma festive kaya. Biyu ruwan wukake suka dukkan samurai, ko da daraja, daga talakawa zuwa ga shogun. Bayan juyin juya hali, da Japan jami'an da aka bukata don ci Turai takuba, Katana, sa'an nan rasa ta status.

Asirin da Katana

Ruwa ƙirƙira daga karfe iri biyu: core aka sanya na danko sosai, kuma m daga - yankan baki. Karfe kafin ƙirƙirãwa tsarkake ta maimaita Bugu da kari kuma waldi.

A Manufacturing katanas ya muhimmanci a zabi karfe, tama na musamman gami da molybdenum da tungsten. Iron sandunansu master haƙa a fadama for 8 shekaru. A wannan lokaci, da tsatsa ci tafi da kasawan, sa'an nan da samfurin da aka tura zuwa ƙirƙirãwa. Gunsmith juya sanduna a tsare tare da wani nauyi guduma. Sa'an nan da tsare akai-akai kafa da kuma mĩƙe. Saboda haka, da ƙãre ruwa kunshi 50,000 yadudduka high-ƙarfi karfe.

Wadannan samurai Katana ko da yaushe rarrabe halayyar line jamon, bayyana a sakamakon amfani da musamman hanyoyin da suke ƙirƙirãwa kuma hardening. Takobin tsuka takobi obvorachivalas ray fata da kuma nade a cikin wani tsiri na siliki. Tsaraba ko bukukuwan Katana iya samun makama yi na itace ko hauren giwa.

mallaki Katana

The dogon takobi za su iya yadda ya kamata rawar daji. Don rike da riko da Katana da ake amfani, karshen na rike wanda dole ne a kiyaye a tsakiyar hagu da kuma dama hannunka matsi da rike a kusa da tsare. Synchronous kalaman na hannayensa biyu kunna da warrior don samun manyan mawadãta bugun jini, ba tare da jawabin makamashi mai yawa. Naushe aka yi amfani tsaye a wani takobi ko maƙiyi hannuwanku. Wannan ba ka damar cire makiya makami da yanayin da hari zuwa buga masa gaba jijjiga gefen.

Ancient Japan makami

Da dama iri ne Japanese makamai zuwa wani karin ko sakandare irin.

• Yumi ko o-Yumi - fama bakuna (180 to 220 cm), shi ne mafi tsufa makami Japan. Bakuna a yi amfani da yaki da kuma a cikin addini da kuma bikin tun lokacin da. A 16th karni, aka kore su muskets, kawo daga Portugal.
• Yari - mashi (5 m), wani m makami a zamanin da jayayya, da sojan da aka yi amfani da su sauke abokan gaba daga doki.
• Bo - iyakacin duniya soja fama, Magana yau da wasa da makamai. Akwai da yawa iyakacin duniya embodiments, dangane da tsawon (30 cm zuwa 3 m), da kauri da kuma gicciye sashe (zagaye, kyakkyawan, da dai sauransu).
• Yoroi Doce dauke wuƙa na rahama, tunatarwata da stylet kuma an yi amfani da kisan rauni a fama da abokan adawar.
• Kodzuka ko kotsuka - soja wuka, gyarawa a daina kai hare hare da takobi yãƙi, kuma sukan yi amfani da kasuwanci dalilai.
• Tessen ko Dunsany utiva - yãƙi fan kwamandan. A fan aka sanye take da wasa karfe needles za a iya amfani da a wannan harin, kamar yadda wani yaƙi gatari da garkuwa.
• Dzitte - fama da baƙin ƙarfe itace, cokali mai yatsu tare da biyu hakora. Yana da aka yi amfani da zamanin da Tokugawa matsayin wani makami na 'yan sanda. Amfani dzitte, 'yan sanda intercepted da samurai takuba a fadace-fadace da tashin hankali warriors.
• Naginata - Japan halberd, makami warrior sufaye, mai tsawon mita biyu iyakacin duniya tare da kananan lebur-ruwa a karshen. A zamanin da, amfani da kafar sojoji don kai farmaki makiya dawakai. A 17th karni da aka yi amfani a matsayin mace samurai iyalan makami don kare kai.
• Kaiken - fama wuka ga mace aristocrats. Amfani ga kare kai, da kuma ƙasƙanta da 'yan mata su kashe kansa.

A lokacin da internecine yakin basasa a Japan firearm masana'antu bindigogi da duwatsu kwa'di (teppo), wanda aka dauke da bai dāce da zuwan su ikon da Tokugawa. Daga 16th karni, da Japan dakarun bayyana da kuma bindiga, amma baka da takobi ci gaba ta mamaye babban wuri a samurai makamai.

Katana-Kaji

Takuba a Japan suna ko da yaushe ya yi da mutane da hukuncin aji, sau da yawa zumunta na samurai ko kotu. Tare da tashin bukatar takuba mulkin gargajiya iyayengiji fara rika maƙera (Katana-Kaji). Manufacturing na Samurai takobi bukatar m shirye-shiryen. Ƙirƙirãwa takuba kama da liturgical bikin da aka cika da addini ayyukan kare wearer daga mugunta sojojin.

Kafin mu samu saukar zuwa kasuwanci, maƙeri yi azumi, suka kaurace daga mugayen tunani da kuma ayyukan ƙwarai, ya yi da na al'ada tsarkakewa na jiki. Ƙirƙira sosai tsabtace da kuma ado shime - al'ada halaye, saka daga shinkafa rauno. Kowane smithy ya bagade ga salla, kuma ga halin kirki da horo ga aiki. Idan ya cancanta, da maigida yana sanya a kan kuge - kaifin baki tufafi. The daraja ba da damar gogaggen Jagora, don samar low quality-makamai. Wani lokaci maƙeri takobi halaka, wanda zai iya daukar 'yan shekaru, saboda guda lahani. Aiki a kan daya takobi iya wuce ko'ina daga shekara 1 zuwa 15 shekaru.

Japan takuba samar da fasaha

Remelted karfe samu daga Magnetic baƙin ƙarfe aka yi amfani a matsayin karfe makamai. Samurai takuba, dauke da mafi kyau a cikin Far East sun kasance a matsayin karfi kamar Damascus. A 17th karni a samar da Japan da takuba da aka yi amfani da karfe daga Turai.

Japan Smith ruwa kafa daga manyan yawan baƙin ƙarfe yadudduka thinnest tube tare da daban-daban carbon ciki. A tube ana welded tare a lokaci na narkewa da kuma sunã ƙirƙirãwa. Ƙirƙirãwa, extruding, maimaita nadawa kuma sunã ƙirƙirãwa sabon siraran ƙarafa afforded wani bakin ciki katako.

Saboda haka, ruwa kunshi wani jam'i na bakin ciki Fused yadudduka raznouglerodnoy karfe. Fili low-carbon da kuma high-carbon karfe ba musamman takobi taurin da kuma danko. A mataki na gaba maƙeri goge ruwa 'yan duwatsu da kuma ta kasu ba. Sau da yawa samurai takuba daga Japan da aka yi shekaru da dama.

Kisa a tsaka-tsaki

A ingancin da ruwa da kuma fasaha na samurai mafi yawa ana gwada su da yaƙi. Good takobi yarda ka yanke uku gawawwaki aza a saman juna. An yi imani da cewa sabon samurai takuba bukatar ka yi kokarin a cikin mutane. Tsuji-Giri (kisan a tsaka-tsaki) - sunan sabon yanka samfurori takobi. Wadanda ke fama da da samurai ya zama bara, manoma, matafiya da kuma wucewa, da yawan wanda nan da nan ya ƙidaya a cikin dubbai. Hukumomi sa up for sintiri kan tituna, da masu gadi, amma masu gadi talauci yi aikinsu.

Samurai wanda ba ya so ya kashe marar laifi, ya zaɓi wani hanya - tamesi-kaya masu nauyi. Bayan biya da Executioner, shi ne zai yiwu ba shi da takobi, wanda ya yi kokari a lokacin da kisan da aka yanke wa hukunci mutum.

Mene ne sirrin na gani Katana?

Wannan Katana takobi za a iya ba da umarnin a sakamakon kai-wasa na kwayoyin. Kawai ta ajiye da ruwa a kan ta musamman tsayawar, warrior ta hanyar wani lokaci na samu wani kaifi ruwa sake. Sword goge, a cikin hãlãye, goma na nika ƙafafun, rage graininess. Sa'an nan da master otpolirovyval ruwa gawayi ƙura.

A karshe mataki da aka za'ayi a cikin ruwa hardening takobi lãka, a sakamakon wannan hanya a kan ruwa faru Matte thinnest tsiri (yakiba). Known Masters bar wani sa hannu a kan ruwa ponytail. Bayan bisa ƙirƙira da kuma tempering takobi makwanni biyu da goge. Lokacin da Katana da luster, aikin ya kammala.

ƙarshe

Wannan samurai takobi, da farashin da yake ba dama, kamar yadda mai mulkin, shine sanã'ar da tsoho Masters. Irin wannan kayan aikin ne da wuya a samu, kamar yadda suke daukar kwayar cutar a cikin iyalai ta hanyar gado a matsayin relic. A mafi tsada Katana da Mei - da stigma na master da shekara na yi a kan shank. Mutane da yawa takuba ajiye m Forging, Figures daga Sin mythology, taƙawa, da mugayen ruhohi. Scabbard ga wani takobi ne da kuma ado da ado.